I-word surfactant ifomu elifinyeziwe "le-agent esebenzayo", i-surfactant yikhemikhali eqinisa ukuxuba kwamafutha namanzi ngokunciphisa ukungezwani kwesimo esibonakalayo phakathi kwama-molecule namanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi namafutha awachithi, omunye wesibindi kufanele afakwe engxenyeni ukuze agcine ehlukaniswe zibe izingqimba.
Izisebenzi eziqhamuka emzimbeni ezithombeni zihlinzeka ngomsebenzi owodwa noma ngaphezulu kweziyisithupha ezihlukene:
- Amakhetho wokuhlanza
- Ama-wetting agents ezimvume
- Ama-foaming agents for shampoos
- Ama-Emulsifiers ema creams nasezintweni
- Ama-agent wokubeka isimo emikhiqizo yesikhumba nokunakekelwa kwezinwele
- Solubilizers for amakha nama flavour
Izinhlobo
Umshini wokugcoba: Ukuhlanza ama-surfactants kufaka izinsipho kanye ne-detergents ezibekwe esikhumbeni noma izinwele zokuhlanza. Lababenzi be-surfactants bazokhipha amafutha ku-surfactant. Khona-ke, lapho umshini oshisayo ehlanjululwa khona ngenkathi ephethe amafutha, amafutha ahlanjululwa ngamanzi.
Ama-foaming agent: Imikhiqizo eminingi efana nabahlanza noma ama-shampoos ngokuvamile atholakale kwifomu le-foam ngokuphambene nefomu elimanzi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abathengi bavame ukukhetha ukubunjwa kobuciko, nakuba iqiniso lokuthi liwubuciko alinalo lutho ngokukwazi ukuhlanza. Isibonelo esisodwa sokuhlanza ubuso obumhlophe yi-Cetaphil Oil-Control Foaming Face Wash.
I-surfactant e-agent ephovuzayo ivumela umkhiqizo ukuba uhlale njengengwenya ngokuphambene nokuwa phansi kwefomu eliketshezi. Imithi ethile ye- topical njenge-steroids yama-topical (isib. I-Olux foam) noma i-minoxidil yama-topical nayo itholakala ekubunjweni kobuciko. Lezi zindlela ze-foam ngezinye izikhathi zikhetha iziguli uma zisebenzisa imithi esikhumbeni.
Emulsifiers: Emulsions kukhona izingxube zamafutha namanzi azinzile futhi azihlukanisi emigqeni yawo yamafutha namanzi. I-surfactant ivumela i-emulsion ukuthi ibe nalekhwalithi ehlanganisiwe kahle. Izibonelo ze-emulsions zinyusa ama-creams nama-lotions . Ngokuvamile abathengi bakhetha ukuhambisa ama-moisturizers ukuba abe nokuthungwa okufanayo ngokungafani namafutha namanzi noma amafutha kuphela. Uma kusetshenziswe esikhumbeni, amafutha "ahanjiswa" endaweni yesikhumba.
Ama-agent conditioning : Ama- agent okwenza isimo afaka phakathi "imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba" nezinwele zokunakekelwa kwezinwele njengezicathulo zezinwele . Ngemva kokusebenzisa i-conditioner yezinwele, umkhiqizo uhlala ezinweleni, uwenze ube nomuzwa obushelelezi ngenxa yengxenye ye-lipophilic (oily) ye-molecule.
Izixazululi: Izisebenzi zokushisa izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa njengezixazululo lapho zizama ukuhlanganisa inani elincane lamafutha emanzini amaningi. Isibonelo semikhiqizo kufaka phakathi i- colognes, amakha, kanye ne-toners yesikhumba .
I-Makeup Makeup ye-Surfactant
Njengoba ama-surfactants eqinisa ukuxuba kwamafutha namanzi, bobabili bane-hydrophilic ("abathanda amanzi") kanye namaqembu e-lipophilic ("amafutha othando"). Ukuba kokubili lawa maqembu kwenza i-surfactant ibe yi-amphiphilic. I-hydrophilic group ivumela ukuthi i-surfactant ihlungwe emanzini ngenkathi iqembu lama-hydrophobic livumela ukuthi i-surfactant iqoqulwe ngamafutha.
> Imithombo:
> Friesbach U, Erasmy J. "Abasebenza ngokuziqhenya kanye nezinhlelo zokusatshalaliswa kwezimonyo zeMvelo nezeMvelo." I-SOFW-Journal . 138: 2012.
> Rieger M, Rhein LD. Abashayeli bezintambo ezitholakala ku-Cosmetics . Uhlobo lwesibili. I-CRC Press. 1997.
> Romanowski, Perry. "Abaqhamukayo Abangcolile - Isingeniso Sezakhi Zamakhemikhali." I-Chemists Corner.