Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Kwezimali Onganakekelwayo Ukwandisa Ukuvikeleka Kwama-Dependent kuya Eminyakeni engu-26
UMongameli Obama wasayina uMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakekelwa Mthetho ngo-Mashi 2010. Iningi lezinhlinzeko zalo lithengiswa kuze kube ngu-2014, kodwa ezinye izingxenye zomthetho zaqala ukusebenza ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuba umthetho wenziwe.
Lapho nje i-ACA isayinwe emthethweni, uMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi (HHS), waqala ukushicilela imithethonqubo yokwenza izinhlinzeko emthethweni ngokuhambisana nemigqa edingekayo.
Enye yezinhlinzeko ezibalulekile emthethweni wezokuguqulwa kwezempilo owasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-2010 kwaba ukwandiswa kokutholakala okuthembekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abantu abadala abasha umshwalense wezempilo. Nakuba le nqubo ihlelwe ukuqala ngoSeptemba 23, 2010, uNobhala weHHS, uKathleen Sebelius, wathola ukuzibophezela ezinkampanini zomshuwalense wempilo enkulu kunazo zonke ukuze kuqale ukuqaliswa kokuxhomekeka okuthembekile ngoMeyi 2010. Lokhu kwavumela abafundi abaningi ukuba baphumelele ekolishi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukugwema igebe elikuyo.
Kungani Kutlhogeka Ukuphakanyiswa Kwama-Dependent?
Ngaphambi kokungena kwe-Care Affordable Act, izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zilahleka abantu abasha kusukela ezinhlelweni zezempilo zabazali ngenxa yobudala babo kanye / noma ukuthi lo mdala osemusha akasatholi incazelo ye-IRS yomuntu othembekile-ngokuvamile uma nje omncane umuntu omdala wayengasekho umfundi ogcwele isikhathi esigcwele. Lokhu kwashiya abaningi abaqeqeshwe ekholeji nabanye abasha abasha abangenawo umshuwalense wezempilo.
Futhi, ngokusho kolwazi olubikwe yi-Obama Administration:
- I-Pre-ACA, abantu abadala abasezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lalabo abangaqinisekisiwe kunoma yiliphi iqembu lobudala. Abantu abangaba ngu-30% abasha babengaqinisekisiwe - isilinganiso esasiphakeme kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu lobudala.
- Abantu abadala banesilinganiso esincane kakhulu sokufinyelela kumshuwalense osuselwa kumqashi. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abasha abasha banomthelela emakethe emisebenzi, bavame ukuba "nemisebenzi ephezulu, imisebenzi yesikhathi esithile, noma imisebenzi emabhizinisini amancane ngokuvamile angahlinzeki umshuwalense wezempilo." Lokhu kuqhubeka kube njalo eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, kodwa ukufinyelela kumshuwalense wezempilo womzali kuye kwasiza ukuvala igebe.
- Impilo yabantu abadala kanye nezemali abasencane babesengozini. Nakuba intsha eningi (nabanye) ingacabangi ukuthi idinga umshuwalense wezempilo, ingukuthi, ukucaphuna uNobhala Sebelius, "isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphandle kwengozi noma isenzakalo esiyingozi." Eqinisweni, oyedwa kwabayisithupha abasencane unesifo esingapheli umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela noma i-asthma futhi ngaphambi kwe-ACA, cishe isigamu sabasha abasebekhulile abangaqapheli babike ukuthi kunzima ukukhokhela izikweletu zabo zezokwelapha ngaphambi kwe-ACA.
Ukuguqulwa Kwezempilo Kwasiza Kanjani Abadala?
Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Ongenakudingeka udinga izinhlelo zezempilo ezinikezela ukuhlinzekwa kwabantwana abancike ohlelweni lwabazali bazo ukwenza lokho kutholakala kufinyeleleke kuze kube yilapho ingane esemdala ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-26, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu omdala osemusha usebhekwa njengencike enjongweni yentela.
NgoMeyi 10, 2010, iMinyango Yomnyango WezeMpilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu, i-Labor, ne-Treasury (i-IRS) ikhishwe imithethonqubo edingekayo yokusebenzisa ukwandiswa kokuxhomekeka okuxhomeke kwabantwana abadala kuze kube yiminyaka engu-26. Ezinye zezimiso ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
Ukuhlanganisa Kunwetshiwe Kwabantwana Abadala Abengeziwe
Amalungiselelo ezempilo anikezela ngokuxhaswa ngokwezimali kufanele anikeze umshuwalense wezempilo ukubhalisa izingane ezindala kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-26, ngisho noma izingane ezikhulile zingasaphila nabazali bazo, azixhomeke ekubuyiselweni kwentela yomzali, noma abangekho abafundi.
Lo mthetho usebenza kubo bobabili abantwana abashadile nabangashadile, nakuba abashade nabo nezingane zabo abafaneleki ukukhokhelwa. Futhi kusebenza nakuzo zombili izimakethe zempilo yomshwalense wezempilo: Akukhathaleki uma abazali bethola umshuwalense wezempilo ngomqashi noma ukuzithengela bona, izingane zabo ezindala ezikhulile zingagcinwa ohlelweni uma nje uhlelo ihlanganisa ukusabalala kunoma yikuphi abantwana abancike.
Bonke abaNtshontsha Abafanelekile Babenenkinga Yokubhalisa Ngesikhathi Esilodwa
Isidingo sokuthi abadala abasha bavunyelwe ukuhlala ohlelweni lwabazali babo kuze kube yiminyaka engu-26 besetshenziswe eminyakeni yokuhlela / inqubomgomo kusukela ngo-September 23, 2010.
Abaningi bomshuwalense basebenzise ukuhlinzekwa ekuqaleni, kodwa bonke kwakudingeka benze kanjalo ngokuvuselela kokuqala ngemuva kukaSeptemba 23, 2010.
Futhi wonke amalungiselelo kwakudingeka asebenze isikhathi esithile sokubhalisa-okungenani izinsuku ezingu-30-ngesikhathi abantu abadala abangekho kakade ekubhekaneni kwabazali babo banikezwa ithuba lokungezwa kuloluhlelo. Lesi sikhathi sokubhalisa sasitholakale kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sasihambisana nesikhathi sokubhalisa esivamile sokuvula. Kwakungatholakala kubantu abadala abake bekhulile ekuqaleni kwezinhlelo zabazali babo, kanye nabantu abadala abakhetha ukungahlanganiswa ohlelweni lwabazali babo ngezinye izizathu.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abadala asebekhulile baye bakwazi ukuqhubeka behlela izinhlelo zabazali baze bafike eminyakeni engama-26, kodwa bavele bakwazi ukuphinde bahlele izinhlelo zabazali ngesikhathi sokubhalisa ngonyaka ovulekile, noma ngesikhathi sokubhalisa esikhethekile esabangelwa umcimbi ofanelekayo-osemusha Abantu abadala abakwazi nje ukujoyina uhlelo lwezempilo lomzali noma nini lapho beyithanda.
Izinzuzo Ezifanayo Ngenani Elifanayo
Izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo ezinikezela ngokuxhaswa ngokuxhomeke ekumele zinikeze umuntu omdala ofanelekile izinzuzo ezifanayo ezitholakala kubantu abanjalo abangazange balahlekelwe impilo ngoba isimo sabo esisekelwe esiphelile saphela. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwezempilo alukwazi ukucela ukuthi omdala osemusha akhokhe ngaphezulu kokuhlinzeka ngezempilo kunabanye abaxhomeke eminyakeni efanayo.
Kodwa ezimakethe zeqembu ngalinye namancane, i-ACA ibeka izilinganiso zonyaka ezikhulayo ezineminyaka engu-21, ngakho-ke umuntu osemusha oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-21 uzobiza ngaphezulu amaphesum kunezingane ezincane.
Izinzuzo Zentela Ezintsha Zokubambisana Kwabancane
Enye yezinzuzo ezingaboniwe ngezinye izikhathi zomshuwalense wezempilo oxhaswe ngumqashi ukuthi ukubaluleka kokufakwa kwezimali akukhishwe kwiholo lomsebenzi. Uma umshuwalense wakho wezempilo ubiza u-$ 15,000 ngonyaka (wakhokhelwa ingxenye yakho kanye nenye ingxenye ngumqashi wakho), awukhokhi intela kuleyo $ 15,000. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nabantu abathengisa umshwalense wabo wezempilo, obhekene neminye imithetho eminingi ye-convoluted ngokukhokha intela yomshwalense wabo wezempilo .
Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunakekelwa Onganakekelwayo, lo mhlomulo uyadluliselwa kubantwana abancane abadala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-26. Uma abasebenzi bekhetha ukumboza izingane zabo ezindala kuze kube ngu-26 ubudala, ukubaluleka komshuwalense wezempilo ohlinzekwa ngumqashi kumuntu omdala akufakelwe imali. Le nzuzo iyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka okhokhwayo lapho umdala omdala ephenduka khona 26 (abanye abaqashi bakhetha ukuvumela izingane ezincane ezindala ukuba zihlale ohlelweni kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka lapho ziba khona iminyaka engu-26, kunokuba ziwaxoshe ohlelweni ngokushesha nje lapho bephendukela ku-26).
- Inzuzo yentela yaqala ukusebenza ngoMashi 30, 2010, okwenza itholakale ngokushesha lapho i-ACA isungulwa.
- Inzuzo yentela iphinde isebenze kubantu abafanelekele ukukhishwa komshuwalense wezempilo oziqashile ekubuyiselweni kwentela yabo yentela . Umshuwalense wezempilo akuyona njalo intela-deductible, kodwa abantu abaziqashile bangakwazi ukukhipha amaphrimiyamu abo ngaphandle kokubanjelwa. Uma kunjalo, bayavunyelwa ukukhipha ama-premiums kubantwana abancane abancane abahlala ohlelweni lwabo kuze kube seminyaka eyi-26.
Umphumela
Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-6.1 (abaneminyaka engama-19 kuya ku-25) bathole ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-ACA ngasekuqaleni kuka-2016. Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabo bazuze ukuxhaswa kusukela ukuhwebelana , ukuxhaswa kwe-premium , nokukhuliswa kwe-Medicaid kwaqala ukusebenza ngo-2014. 2010 no-2013, ngenxa yelungiselelo le-ACA elibavumela ukuba bahlale ohlelweni lomshuwalense wezempilo kuze kube seminyaka engu-26.
Futhi nakuba i-Trump Administration kanye nabameli beRiphabhulikhi beye baphoqelela ukuchithwa kwe-ACA, ukuhlinzekwa okuvumela abantu abasha ukuba bahlale ohlelweni lwezempilo lwabazali babo banokusekelwa kwe-bipartisan futhi kungenzeka ukuthi baqhubeke beqhubeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezengeziwe kuya ku-ACA (njengasekuqaleni kuka-2018, ushintsho olulodwa lwezomthetho luye lwachithwa igunya lomuntu ngamunye, olusebenzayo ngo-2019; lonke i-ACA ihlala iqinile).
> Imithombo:
> Health CalCPA. Ukuqonda Ukulinganiswa Kwe-Premium Ngaphansi Komthetho Wokunakekelwa Onganakekelwayo. Ngo-Disemba 1, 2015.
> CMS.gov. Isikhungo Sokwaziswa Komthengi kanye Nokuqapha Umshuwalense. Abadala abasebasha kanye noMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakwa: Ukuvikela Abasha Abancane nokuqeda Imithwalo Emindeni naseBhizinisini.
> HHS.gov. Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-20 bathole ukukhokhela umshuwalense wezempilo ngenxa ye-Care Affordable Act, ukuboniswa okusha kokulinganiswa. Mashi 3, 2016.