Odokotela basasa baya ngokuya befundiswe endaweni eqala ukuhlanganisa izinto zakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe bezemfundo. Amaphrojekthi kanye nemisebenzi ephefumulelwe kwezobuchwepheshe bezempilo kwezobuchwepheshe nokwenza isipiliyoni sokufunda kwabafundi bezokwelapha. Lolu hlobo lwama-innovative luphinde lusize ukugoqa ukuhlukana okukhona phakathi kwe-theory nokusebenza kwisayensi yezempilo.
Kulindelwe ukuthi ngeke nje kuphela isizukulwane esilandelayo sezazi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo sithathe ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze sithuthukise umkhuba wabo, kodwa futhi sizokwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokufunda futhi babe abachwepheshe abanekhono.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuvela ubuchwepheshe emfundweni, ukujwayela okuncane kuyadingeka ukuba kwenzeke ezindaweni zangempela zomhlaba. Lokhu kusiza ukudala izindawo zokufunda eziphephile lapho iziguli zingafakwa khona engozini.
Ezimweni eziningi, imfundo yezokwelapha yenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa okugxilwe ngesiguli. Lokhu kwemvelo kuye kwasekelwa yi-American Medical Association kanye ne-Institute of Medicine. UDkt. Robert M. Wah, umongameli wangaphambilini we-American Medical Association, wagcizelela ukuthi imfundo yezokwelapha yangaleso sikhathi kudingeka ibe nesibindi futhi ivuselele, futhi kudingeka ukuthi izinikezele ekuklanyeleni izinhlelo zokuqapha, ezobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisa isipiliyoni somfundi.
Ukufundisa Version of EHRs for Amakhono Ukwenza Izinqumo Amakhono
Amarekhodi ezempilo e-elekthronikhi (EHRs) abe yinkinga enkulu ohlelweni lwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lase-US.
Ukuze unikeze abafundi ngesipiliyoni esiningi sokwebuchwepheshe be-EHR, amanye amanyuvesi manje aqalise inguqulo yokufundisa ye-EHR. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Indiana University School of Medicine, bayabiza le-TEHR, nase-Oregon Health & Science University, babizwa ngokuthi yi-Sim-EHR.
Umqondo wukuthi abafundi bafunda ukusebenzisa nokuxhumana no-EHR ngenkathi benza amakhono abo omtholampilo.
Ukulingisa izwe langempela ngangokunokwenzeka, izinhlelo ezikhona ze-EHR zivame ukuhlanganiswa-nazo zonke ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwesiguli zisuswe-ngakho abafundi basebenza ngezimo zangempela zezokwelapha.
I-software yokufundisa, ngokwesibonelo, inganika ithuba lokuqhathanisa izinqumo zabafundi nelokudokotela wangempela wenduli. Ukufundisa izinhlelo ze-EHR kungaphinde kukhishwe izixwayiso uma umfundi efuna ukuhleleka ukuhlolwa okungalungile. Le ndlela igxile ekuphepheni kwesiguli futhi ifundisa odokotela bekusasa ngokuhambisana nemikhuba emihle yamanje. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bunendawo evelele emazweni omuthi wanamuhla, kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi izisebenzi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo esikhathini esizayo zihlatshwe umxhwele ngamanani ezomuntu.
Amannequins anikwe amandla we-Wi-Fi Angakhipha Futhi Aphendule Kwezidakamizwa
Ama-simulators ahlukene angasiza abafundi bezokwelapha ukuba bathuthukise amakhono namakhono. UProfesa Roger Kneebone we-Imperial College London uhlukanisa ama-simulators ngamaqembu amathathu. Ama-simulator asekelwe ezimodeli amamodeli ayisisekelo abasiza ukufundisa amakhono ayisisekelo omtholampilo njengokuvuselela, ukuphazamiseka kwamagciwane, ukuvalwa kwesilonda nokususwa kwama-cysts. Ama-simulator asekelwe kwikhompyutha enza izimo zemitholampilo ziyiqiniso ngempela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beqiniso.
Okokugcina, izinqubo ze-simulators ezihlanganisiwe zingabuyekeza izinqubo eziphelele. Benza imisebenzi eminingi futhi ngokuvamile bahlanganisa i-manikin kanye nesistimu yekhompyutha ukwenza ukulungiselelwa okuphezulu.
Amasu okuvuselela asetshenziselwa ukufundiswa kuma-dummies angaphili. Lezi manje zinikeza uhlobo olusha lwe-mannequin enikwe amandla ye-Wi-Fi. La mathuluzi okufunda asiza abafundi bezokwelapha ukuthi bafunde ukuthi bangasabela kanjani ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Zingasetshenziswa emakamelweni okusebenza nezinyathelo zokunakekelwa ezibucayi.
I-SimMan 3G nguLaerdal uyisibonelo se-dummy efana nempilo esebenza njenge-simulator yenqubo edidiyelwe. Kungabonisa izimpawu ze-neurological (isb. Ukuxubana nokuqothulwa kungadalwa) futhi kunezingane ezibucayi.
I-simulator nayo ifika ngokuqashelwa kwezidakamizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ibonisa ukuphendula okufanele ngokomzimba kulandela ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivaysi ingaxhunyaniswa negalelo langaphakathi legazi, okwenza likhishwe emithanjeni yokufakelwa kanye nemithanjeni.
Esifundweni se-Interprofessional Clinical Simulation Learning e-British Columbia, eCanada, bazama enye imodeli ye-Wi-Fi enikwe amandla. Elawulwa ngabasebenzi ekamelweni lokulawula eliseduzane, imodeli yabo ingabonisa izenzo zomuntu ezivamile - ingaba nokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ukukhuluma, ukuphuma kwegazi nokudabukisa ebuhlungu. Abafundi bezokwelapha baqondiswa ukuba banakekele ama-mannequin njengokungathi yiziguli zabo. Lokhu kunikeza isipiliyoni sokufunda isimo semvelo futhi kuqhathaniswa nabashayeli bezindiza ukufunda indlela yokuhamba ngezindiza zezindiza.
Izitshalo ze-birthing nazo ziba zivame kakhulu. Isikole Sokuhlengikaza e-Baylor University e-Dallas sisebenzisa i-simulator entsha ye-NOELLE kaVictoria, uGaumard entsha, okubhekwa njengenye yephambili kakhulu ensimini. Kungabangela izimo eziyinselele zemitholampilo, njenge-shoulder dystocia (icala lomsebenzi ovinjelwe odinga ukuphathwa ngokuphawulekayo) kanye ne-postpartum hemorrhage.
I-mannequin nayo iyaqaphela izidakamizwa futhi ivumela izinqubo ze-epidural, kanye nokuqashelwa kokukhishwa. I-fetus, ehlanganisiwe njengengxenye yephakheji, ingahlolwa ngokusebenzisa abaqaphi be-fetal evame ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, inhliziyo nemaphaphu imisindo ingahlolwa futhi kungenzeka nokuhlela ukubukeka kwe-cyanotic. Kukhona i-amniotic fluid reservoir kanye nokulethwa kwesikhathi esigcwele kungahle kwenziwe. Cishe zonke izimo ze-birthing zingenzeka, kusukela ekulethwa kwezidingo kanye nokulethwa kwezidingo ezinkambisweni zokuhlinzwa ezifana nokwenza isigaba C.
Nakuba ama-simulators anamuhla anikezela ngokuphawulekayo okubonakalayo, ngokomzimba, ngokomzimba nangokwemvelo, kunezifundo ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zithembekile nokuqinisekiswa kwazo. UDkt. Ahmed Kamran kanye nozakwabo e-King's College eLondon futhi baxwayisa ngokuthi abadlali be-simulators bangase bakwazi ukuveza izimo eziyinselele ezidingekayo ukuze bafunde amakhono omtholampilo aphambili.
Izinhlelo ze-High-Tech Anatomy zeZikole zezokwelapha
Izinsuku lapho abafundi bezokwelapha kufanele bachithe ubusuku obungapheli bashaywa ngezincwadi ezinamandla ezithintekayo ziphela. Manje kukhona izicelo eziningi ezitholakalayo eziguqula isipiliyoni sokufunda, okwenza kube mnandi futhi kuhlangene ukuze ufunde i-anatomy. Izinhlelo eziningi ze-iPad zihlanganisa izihloko ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha ngokujulile futhi zingahlinzeka abafundi ngezobuciko ze-3D kanye nezinkulumo ezisebenzayo.
Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kangaka ngaphandle, izinguqulo zamahhala nezingathengiwe, ukuthi kungaba nzima ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okulungile kuwe. Uma usuqaphela ngokugcwele ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisana nezidingo zakho, ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje olusemaphaketheni lakho, lufinyeleleka ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi selutholakala kalula endaweni nesikhathi sokukhetha kwakho.
Isibonelo salolu hlobo lokusebenza luphelele i-Anatomy nge-3D4Medical. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luthinta i-anatomy ekuphileni. Iqukethe amamodeli anembile e-3D kanye nezinhlaka ezingaphezu kuka-6 500 ezakhiweni zokwelapha eziphezulu. Ungabuka izithombe ze-real-time zemisipha, uthathe amathambo nemisipha ukuze udale ukubukwa kwenkambiso, ubuke izakhiwo zomzimba ngama-angles ahlukene, bese usebenzisa ukuqoshwa nokubuza ukuze uqinise ulwazi lwakho. Amamojula ama-skeleton nama-tissue system akhululekile ukulanda, kanti ukuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okugcwele kohlelo lokusebenza.
Awekho izinguqulo ze-Windows noma ze-Android ezitholakalayo okwamanje, futhi sisalinde imodeli yomzimba wesifazane (okwamanje, imodeli yesilisa kuphela ifakiwe). Le nkampani iphinde yenzelwe i-Essential Anatomy, enikeza umsebenzisi nje ngokubukeza okujwayelekile kwe-anatomical.
Eqinisweni ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona Ama-Anatomy Apps Bring the Touch of Science Fiction
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-4D zivele zakhiwe. I-DAQRI iqalise uhlelo lwe-Anatomy 4D, uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala olunikeza isipiliyoni esivumelanayo somzimba womzimba womuntu. Uhlelo lokusebenza lunikeza ubuhlobo bendawo phakathi kwamalungu ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba futhi lunikeza ukubukeka okujulile kwezinye izinhlelo.
Ukuze sithuthukise indlela esifunda ngayo i-anatomy ngisho nangaphezulu, i-3D4Medical Labs manje isebenza ku-Project Esper. Le phrojekthi imayelana nokufunda okubonakalayo okujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela lokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona. Cabanga ukuthi unesithombe se-3D se-skull phambi kwakho njengomdwebo we-holographic futhi ukwazi ukuyilawula ngezandla zakho. Izakhiwo zomzimba zingasuswa ngaphandle, amathambo ahlukene kangaka kanye nezitho zomzimba, kanye nezincazelo zabo zesimo somzimba, zivela emkhatsini oqondile ngaphambi kwamehlo akho. Abafundi bezokwelapha bathatha amandla amakhulu kakhulu njengoba befunda i-anatomy ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-cadavers. Uhlelo lokusebenza, oluhlelwe ukukhishwa ngo-2017, lungasiza futhi odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo lapho bezama ukuchaza imininingwane yezokwelapha iziguli zabo.
Ubuchwepheshe njengoNsiza Wokuziphendulela Ngaphandle Kwezemfundo
Ochwepheshe abaningi baxwayisa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zanamuhla kanye nokuthambekela kobuchwepheshe obuncane. Ngakho-ke abafundi bazuza ngokufunda indlela yokusebenza kanye nabaqeqeshi abahlukene futhi baqondise ukunakekelwa kwesiguli ndawonye. Ngalo mgomo engqondweni, amanye amanyuvesi aqalise izinhlelo ezithintekayo abafundi bezokwelapha nabafundi abahlengikazi kanye nabanye abaqeqeshiwe bezempilo, futhi bavumele ukuba banakekele ndawonye ngesiguli esifanele. Abafundi bafunda ukusebenzisana ndawonye ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa okuhlelekile. Le ndlela entsha yokufunda kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe indlela enamathekisthi amaningi futhi ingasiza ekwenzeni imiphumela engcono yezempilo esikhathini esizayo.
Kodwa-ke, kuntuleka kobufakazi bokuthi amakhono afundwa ezindaweni ezifanele angadluliselwa ezimweni zangempela zokuphila. Kanti, ezinye izici zisasemva ngemuva kokuthi izinhlelo ezizosekela umkhuba wazo azange zakhiwe okwamanje. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo ukuhlinzwa.
Amanye amanyuvesi agcwele imibono yamathuluzi wokufundisa amasha
I-Division of Informatics Educational e-New York University School of Medicine ilawula i-plethora yamathuluzi okufundisa amasha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-microscope ebonakalayo ehlinzekwa yi-Google futhi ingena esikhundleni sokusetshenziswa okuthile kwe-microscope yendabuko.
Elinye ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe eliphambili abasebenzisa nabafundi bezokwelapha yi-BioDigital Human. Lona imephu eqondile ye-3D yomzimba womuntu. Abafundi basebenzisa izibuko ze-3D ukuze babheke izithombe ezinompilo eziboniswa esikrinini seprojekti. Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli ase-anatomical kufaka phakathi izithombe ezingaphezu kuka-5,000 zezakhiwo zomuntu nezimo. Lolu phiko lokufunda oludijithali lugcizelela indlela yokusebenzisana futhi isebenzisa amasu okudlala ngokugqugquzela ukufunda okujulile.
I-NYU School of Medicine nayo yenzelwe uhlelo lokusebenza lwabafundi bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwayo. Ebizwa ngokuthi i-WISE-MD noma i-Web Initiative ye-Modules Educational Educational, inika indaba ekhompyutha futhi ilandisa indaba ngokugula kwesiguli kanye nokusebenzisana kwakhe nodokotela. Isiguli silandelwa kusukela ekuvakasheni kwakhe kokuqala kuze kube yindlela yokuhlinza nokunakekelwa emva kokusebenza, okukhulisa ukujwayela kwenqubo yokwelapha yonke.
Enye yezinselelo eziningi zemfundo yezempilo ebhekene nayo isisindo esitholwa ngazo ezintsha. Ngesikhathi ulwazi lwezokwelapha lwenza kube ukuphrinta kwendabuko, ulwazi lungase luvele luphelelwe yisikhathi. Eqinisweni, ulwazi oluthile lungase luphele isikhathi lapho abafundi beqedela ukuhlala kwabo. Yingakho ukufunda okusekelwe enkingeni okukhulunywa ngenkinga kubuchwepheshe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu.
Enye, le ndlela isiza abafundi ukuba baqonde lokho abakwaziyo nokuthi bangayifunda kanjani. Okubili, kulula ukukala kanye nokubuyekeza. Ubuchwepheshe buzoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile kwinqubo yokufunda kwezokwelapha. Kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokuguquguquka buzofakwa emfundweni yezokwelapha ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ensimini.
> Imithombo:
> Ukubuyekezwa kukaDawson S.: Izindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza ngokufaniswa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela ohlinzayo , ngo-2011; 9 (Ungezelelo 1): S21-S22.
> I-Kneebone R. Ukulinganisa ekuqeqesheni okuhlinzekwayo: izinkinga zezemfundo kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo. Imfundo yezokwelapha , 2003; 37 (3): 267-277.
> Mate K, Compton-Phillips A. I-Antidote Yokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Kwehlukana. I-Harvard Business Review Digital Articles . 2014; 2-7.
> UMichael M, Abboudi H, Ker J, uShamim Khan M, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. Ukubuyekezwa kokucwaninga: Ukusebenza kwezithuthukisi ezithuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwabafundi bezokwelapha-ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile. Journal of Research Research , 2014; 192: 531-543.
> Milano CE, Hardman JA, Plesiu A, Rdesinski RE, Biagioli FE. IKharikhyulamu ye-Electronic Health Record (Sim-EHR): Ukufundisa amakhono e-EHR kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-EHR yokuLawula nokuLawiswa kwezifo. Imithi yezemfundo: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges . 2014; 89 (3): 399-403.
> I-Patow C. Ukufaniswa kwezokwelapha kwezempilo kunenza imfundo yezokwelapha ibe ngcono futhi iphephile. I-Technology Management Technology , 2005; 26 (12): 39-40.