Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Ukuchitha Ama-Akhawunti Yezindleko ZamaFlexible
Ama-Akhawunti Wokulondolozwa Kwezempilo kanye nama-Accounts Spending Accounts akusiza ukuba wehlise intela yakho engenayo ngenkathi usindisa imali ongayisebenzisa ukuze uthole izindleko zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukufana kumile lapho. Yini okufanele uyazi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha inketho engcono kuwe? Yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zalezi zinhlelo?
Umehluko Phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA
Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA, futhi ngaphandle kokubheka lokhu eduze ungase uzizwe udidekile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ama-HSA kanye ne-FSAs ahluke ku-Who Owns Akhawunti
Uma uqala i-akhawunti ye-Flexible Spending Account (FSA), empeleni awunayo i-akhawunti; umqashi wakho uyakwenza. Awukwazi ukukuthatha nawe. Kwezinye izimo, ulahlekelwa ngisho nemali kulo-imali owabambe iqhaza ekukhokheni kwakho-kumqashi wakho. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ushiya umsebenzi wakho ngokuzithandela noma uvumelekile ukuhamba.
Uma uvula i-Akhawunti Yokulondoloza Impilo (HSA), unayo i-akhawunti kanye nayo yonke imali kuyo. Uyithatha uma usuka, ushintshe imisebenzi, ngisho noma ulahlekelwa umshuwalense wakho wezempilo.
Ukusebenzisa i-Vs Ukulondoloza
I-Akhawunti EmaFlexible Spending ihlelwe ukuze ikukhuthaze ukuthi usebenzise iningi noma yonke imali kuyo. Ama-Akhawunti Wokulondoloza Impilo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ahlelwe ukukukhuthaza ukuthi ulondoloze .
Awukwazi ukutshala imali ebekwe eceleni ku-FSA, ngakho ngeke uzuze inzalo kuso. Okubi nakakhulu, ulahlekelwa yimali engenayo imali kumqashi wakho ekupheleni konyaka; iyisebenzisa noma ilahlekelwe. Abaqashi bavunyelwe ukuba baqoqe imali engaphezulu kuka-$ 500 yezimali zakho ezingenayo imali ku-FSA yakho ngonyaka ozayo, kodwa akuphoqelekile ukwenza kanjalo.
Noma yikuphi okungaphezu kwe-$ 500 okushiywe ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti yakho ekupheleni konyaka kuyanyamalala emakhokheni wakho omqashi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungahamba iminyaka eminingi njengoba uthanda ngaphandle kokuchitha imali ye-HSA yakho, futhi, ngokungafani ne-FSA, imali izobe ikhona. Umqashi wakho akakwazi ukukuthinta. Asikho isikhathi esiphezulu sonyaka sokusebenzisa noma ukulahlekelwa.
Esikhundleni sokuhlala nje ku-akhawunti yakho ungenzi lutho, ungafaka imali ku-HSA yakho. Intshisekelo kanye nemali engenayo ikhula intela ehlehlisiwe. Awukhokhi intela kwimali engenayo noma iminikelo lapho uhoxisa uma uwasebenzisa ukuze uthole izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile.
Izidingo zokufaneleka zihluke phakathi kwe-FSA ne-HSA
Ukuze uhlanganyele ku-FSA, kufanele ube nomqashi ohlinzeka nge-FSA. Umqashi unquma imithetho yokufaneleka. I-akhawunti ixhunyaniswe nomsebenzi wakho.
Ukuze uhlanganyele ku-HSA, kumele ube nePhakeme ye-Health Deductible Plan noma HDHP. Uma useMedare , awufanelekile ukuqala i-HSA. Uma unomgomo womshuwalense wezempilo wendabuko, noma ngaphezu kwe-HDHP yakho noma esikhundleni se-HDHP, awufanelekile. Uma omunye umuntu engakusho ukuthi uncike ekubuyiselweni kwentela, awufanelekile, ngisho noma bengakutsheli.
Uma une-FSA, awufanelekile ukuqala i-HSA ngaphandle kokuthi i-FSA yakho i-Akhawunti Elingenakunqunyiwe Yezindleko Zokusebenzisa Imali. Lezi FSA ezikhethekile zingasetshenziswa kuphela ukukhokhela umbono kanye nezindleko zamazinyo. Uma une-FSA futhi ungathanda ukuqala i-HSA, unezinketho ezimbili: hlola nomqashi wakho ukuthi ubone ukuthi i-FSA yakho iyinhloso engavumelekile ye-FSA, noma ulinde kuze kube ngonyaka ozayo bese ulahla i-FSA.
I-HSA iklanyelwe ukukusiza ukuba ubhekane nezidakamizwa eziphezulu ezihambisana nezinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo we-HDHP. Nakuba ukuqala kwe-HSA yakho kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nomsebenzi wakho, i-akhawunti ayixhunyiwe emsebenzini wakho; ihlobene nomshwalense wakho wezempilo we-HDHP.
Eqinisweni, awudingi ngisho nokuba nomsebenzi ukuqala i-HSA.
Kwenzekani Ku-Akhawunti Yakho Uma Ulahlekelwa Umsebenzi Wakho Uhlukana
Uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho, ngokuvamile ulahlekelwa yi-FSA yakho nemali kuwo. Awukwazi ngisho nokusebenzisa imali yakho ye-FSA ukukhokha izinkampani zakho zomshuwalense wezempilo we- COBRA .
Ngokuphambene, uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho, ugcina i-HSA yakho nazo zonke izimali kulo. Uma ulahlekelwa yomshuwalense wakho wezempilo we-HDHP kanye nomsebenzi wakho, ngeke uvunyelwe ukufaka noma yiziphi izimali ku-HSA yakho uze uthole olunye uhlelo lwezempilo lwe-HDHP. Noma kunjalo, ungase uhoxise izimali ozisebenzisayo ezindlini zokwelapha ezifanelekile, noma ngabe usenayo i-HDHP. Eqinisweni, ungase usebenzise izimali zakho ze-HSA ukukhokhela izinkokhelo zakho zomshuwalense wezempilo we-COBRA noma ukukhokhela izinkokhelo zomshuwalense wezempilo uma uthola izinzuzo zikahulumeni ezingasebenzi.
Ubani ongabamba iqhaza kwi-FSA vs HSA
Nge-FSA, nguwe kuphela noma umqashi wakho ongabamba iqhaza, futhi abaqashi abaningi bakhetha ukungabi. Iminikelo ye-FSA ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngokukhishwa kwentela yangaphambi kwentela, futhi kufanele uzinikele ekubeni nesamba esithile esithathwe esikhwameni ngasinye sonyaka wonke. Uma usuzinikele ngokwezimali, awuvunyelwe ukuwuguqula kuze kufike isikhathi sokubhalisa esilandelayo.
Ngenhlangano ye-HSA, awuvaliwe unyaka wonke weminikelo. Ungashintsha inani lakho lomnikelo uma ukhetha. Noma ubani angakwazi ukufaka isandla ku-HSA yakho: umqashi wakho, wena, abazali bakho, oshade naye, noma ubani. Noma kunjalo, iminikelo evela kuyo yonke imithombo ehlangene ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezu komkhawulo ophezulu wonyaka obekwe i-IRS.
Ungabanikela Kakhulu Ku-HSA Kune-FSA
Imithetho ye-IRS ikhawulela ukuthi imali engenayo imali engenayo ongayigxila kuzo zombili ama-HSA kanye nama-FSA. Ku-FSA, uvunyelwe ukufaka imali efika ku-$ 2,650 ngo-2018. Noma kunjalo, umqashi wakho angakwazi ukubeka ukulinganiselwa okunamandla kumnikelo wakho we-FSA uma ukhetha.
Ungakanani ukufaka isandla ekushintsheni kwe-HSA unyaka ngamunye futhi kuncike ekutheni unomsebenzi we-HDHP womndeni noma ukufakwa kwe-HDHP eyodwa kuphela.
| 2017 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuzitholela kuphela ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-55 | $ 3,400 | $ 3,450 |
| Ukutholakala komndeni ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-55 | $ 6,750 | $ 6,900 |
| Ubunikazi bokuzihlanganisa kuphela obuneminyaka engu-55 + | $ 4,400 | $ 4,450 |
| Ubudala bomndeni obudala 55+ | $ 7,750 | $ 7,900 |
Ubani onesibophezelo se-HSA vs FSA Ukushiya
Njengoba umqashi wakho ephethe i-akhawunti yakho ye-FSA, imithwalo yokuphatha yalolu hlobo lwe-akhawunti iwela kumqashi wakho. Isibonelo, umthwalo wemfanelo womqashi wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali ezihoxisiwe kwiFSA yakho zigcinwa kuphela ezindlini zokwelashwa ezifanelekile.
Nge-HSA, le buck ihamba nawe. Unesibopho sokubalwa kwezimali ze-HSA kanye nokuhoxiswa. Kumele ugcine amarekhodi anele ukukhombisa i-IRS ukuthi uchithe noma yikuphi ukuhoxiswa kwizindleko zokwelapha ezifanelekile, noma uzokhokha intela yentela kanye nesigwebo se-20% kunoma yiziphi izimali ezihoxisiwe. Noma yimuphi unyaka owenza idiphozi noma uthathe ukuhoxiswa kwi-HSA yakho, kuzodingeka ufake iFomu 8889 ngezintela zakho zentela.
I-HSA Vs FSA-Yodwa Yodwa Ongasetshenziswa NjengesiKhwama Esiphuthumayo
Njengoba ungumnikazi we-HSA yakho, nguwe okhetha ukuthi uzokhipha nini imali nokuthi uyayisebenzisa. Uma ukhetha ukukukhipha okuthile okungewona izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile, uzokhokha isigwebo esiphezulu esingu-20% kuso. Ukwengeza, ukuhoxiswa okungezona kwezokwelapha kuzokongezwa kwimali engenayo ngalowo nyaka, ngakho-ke uzokhokha intela ephezulu yokuhola.
Ngenkathi kungase kungasetshenzisiwe, futhi kungase kungabi ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ku-HSA yakho, kungaduduza ukwazi ukuthi unemali yemali ongayifinyelela esimweni esiphuthumayo uma kufanele. Noma kunjalo, kufanele futhi uzimisele ukukhokha izinhlawulo.
Nge-FSA, ngeke uvumeleke ukuhoxisa imali nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kwezindleko zempilo ezifanelekile. Uma indlu yakho ishisa futhi wena nomntanakho nibhekene nokuhlala emgwaqeni ... inhlanhla enzima. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa imali yakho ye-FSA yezindlu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesiphephelo kangakanani.
I-HSA Vs FSA-Yodwa Yodwa Engasetshenziswa Ukusiza Uhlelo Lokuthatha Umhlalaphansi
Nakuba i-FSA ingacatshangwa njenge-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi, ama-HSA ayasetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe njengendlela eyengeziwe yokulondoloza umhlalaphansi. Njengoba i-FSA ingasetshenziselwa izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanele noma ezilahlekelwe ekupheleni konyaka, ayikwazi ukukusiza ukuba uhlele umhlalaphansi (ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi imali ongayilondoloza futhi mhlawumbe utshale izimali ezingasetshenziswa intela ngezizathu ezifanele zezokwelapha).
I-FSA ne-HSA-Yodwa Kukuvumela Ukukhipha Imali Ongayifuni Nokho
Nge-HSA, ungakwazi kuphela ukuhoxisa imali empeleni ku-akhawunti. Kodwa-ke, nge-FSA, uvunyelwe ukuhoxisa yonke iminikelo yakho yonyaka ngokushesha uma wenza umnikelo wokuqala wonyaka.
Isibonelo, asho ukuthi uzibophezele ekubeni ne $ 1,200 ngonyaka, lokho kungu-$ 100 ngenyanga, inkokhelo inqunywe futhi ifakwe ku-FSA yakho. Uma ugula futhi kufanele ukhokhe yonke imali yakho yomshuwalense wezempilo engu-$ 1,500 ngenyanga kaFebhuwari, uzoba ngu-$ 100- $ 200 kuphela ku-FSA yakho. Ayikho inkinga, ungakwazi ukuhoxisa yonke iminikelo yakho yonyaka ye $ 1,200, noma ngabe awukwenzanga ngempela.
Uzoba ne-FSA balance balance, kodwa iminikelo yakho izoqhubeka ngekhekhe ngalinye. Ekupheleni konyaka, ibhalansi yakho ye-FSA izoba yilapho. Kuthiwani uma ushiya umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka? Awudingi ukukhokha umehluko emuva!
I-HSA ne-FSA emazingeni ahlukene okuPhila
Ngenkathi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwahlukana kwemali phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA, ukukhetha kwecebo kungase futhi kwehle kulindleko zezokwelapha ezilindelekile. Uma unezingane ezincane futhi zinempilo enhle, i-FSA ingaba yindlela enhle yokwenza uhlobo lwama-copay nezinye izindleko ozothola kuzo. Uma uhlakulela isimo esikhulu sezokwelapha, noma kunjalo, ne-HSA eyakhiwe ingase inikezele kakhulu ukusiza lezi zindleko ezinkulu ezingaphandle kwamapokhethi.
Ngaphansi Kwezingxabano Phakathi kwe-HSA ne-FSA
Ngenkathi kokubili i-HSA kanye ne-FSAs zenziwe njengezindlela zokunciphisa inani lentela oyikhokhayo, kunezinhlobo eziningi. Njengokufingqa okusheshayo, lawa macebo ahluke ku:
- Ubani ophethe i-akhawunti
- Ukufaneleka
- Kwenzekani uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho
- Ubani ongafaka isandla
- Kungakanani ongakwenza
- Ubani obangela ukuhoxiswa, futhi ubani obhekene nokufaka imibhalo ukuthi isetshenziselwa izindleko zempilo ezifanelekile
- Uma ingasetshenziselwa ukuphuthumayo
- Uma kungasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuhlela umhlalaphansi
- Uma ungakwazi ukuhoxisa imali ongayifaki okwamanje
- Ukuchitha nokulondoloza
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-cash rollover noma iphela ekupheleni konyaka
Ukuba ne-HSA noma i-FSA kuyindlela eyodwa yokunciphisa imali engenayo engakhokhiswayo oyisebenzisayo ezindlini zezokwelapha. Nakuba kuyasiza, inani onganikela lingase libe ngaphansi kwezindleko zakho ezingaphandle kwezezimali uma unesifo esikhulu sezokwelapha. Ungase ukwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zindleko zamahholo ezingekho intela uma lezi zinkokhelo zingakabikho uma inani elingagciniwe yi-FSA noma i-HSA yakho lidlula amaphesenti angu-10 emali engenayo yakho ehlelwe ngokuphelele. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokudonsa izindleko zezokwelapha ngezintela zakho
> Umthombo:
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Inombolo yenkinga: Izindleko ze-502-zezokwelapha nezamazinyo. https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc502