I-ABCs ye-HSAs ne-HDHPs!
Iyini i-Akhawunti Yokulondoloza Impilo?
I-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo (i-HSA) uhlobo lwe-akhawunti ongafaka imali ukuze ulondoloze izindleko eziphathelene nempilo ngesisekelo samahhala.
Ungakwazi ukufaka isandla kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza impilo kuphela uma:
- ube nehlelo eliphakeme lokunakekelwa kwezempilo (HDHP)
- ungenayo enye inshuwalense yezokwelapha, kuhlanganise neMareare - noma kunjalo, uvunyelwe ukuba nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana okuhlobene nempilo, njengengozi, ukukhubazeka, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo, ukunakekelwa kombono, noma umshuwalense wesikhathi eside.
- angeke kuthiwa uncike ekubuyisweni kwentela komunye umuntu
Bobabili wena nomqashi wakho bangenza iminikelo ku-HSA yakho. Kodwa-ke, inani eliphelele leminikelo ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezu komkhawulo wonyaka obekwe uhulumeni. Ngo-2018, umnikelo ophezulu ungamaRandi angu-3,450 uma une-self-kuphela engaphansi kwe-HDHP, no-$ 6,850 uma unomndeni (abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abahlanganisiwe) ngaphansi kwe-HDHP.
Noma yimuphi umnikelo owenziwe kwi-HSA yakho kufanele ube nemali; iminikelo ye-stock noma impahla ayivunyelwe. Futhi, awukwazi ukwenza noma yimiphi iminikelo ku-HSA yakho uma ubhalisa ku-Medicare. Kodwa-ke, ungagcina imali ku-HSA yakho futhi uyisebenzise ukukhokha izindleko zezokwelapha ngaphandle kwamaholo.
Uma uhoxisa imali ku-HSA yakho ngaphandle kokufaka izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanele, uzokhokha intela yentela ngemali, kanye nesigwebo. Inkokhelo ngokusabalalisa okuvela kwi-HSA yakho engasetshenziselwa izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile yanda kusuka kumaphesenti angu-10 kuya kuma-20 amaphesenti ngonyaka ka-2011, ngenxa yomthetho wokunakekelwa okunganakekelwa.
Izinzuzo Zentela
Ngokwe-Internal Revenue Service (IRS), ama-HSA anenzuzo ehlobene nentela elandelayo:
- Ungacela ukukhishwa kwentela ngeminikelo wena noma omunye umuntu ngaphandle komqashi wakho, wenze ku-HSA yakho.
- Iminikelo ye-HSA yakho eyenziwe ngumqashi wakho ingasuswa emholweni wakho omkhulu.
- Noma iyiphi inzalo noma enye imali oyiholayo ngemali ku-HSA yakho ayikho intela.
- Imali oyithatha ku-HSA yakho ingase ingabi ntela uma uyisebenzisela ukukhokha izindleko zezokwelapha "ezifanelekayo."
- Asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokuzikhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha usebenzisa i-HSA yakho. Uma nje izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile zenzeke ngemuva kokusungula i-HSA, ungalinda iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka ukukhipha imali ngaphandle kwe-HSA ukumboza izindleko zezokwelapha (gcina amarisidi akho, njengoba uzodinga uma i-IRS ikubuza ukufakazela ukuthi wenza, empeleni, ukufaka izindleko zezokwelapha ozibuyisela yona).
- Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, ungathatha imali ngaphandle kwe-HSA nganoma iyiphi injongo oyifunayo, ngaphandle kwesigwebo. Kodwa uma ungayisebenzisi imali yezindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile, uzokhokha intela yentela ekuhoxisweni, njengoba nje ubuyovela e-IRA yendabuko.
Ungathola imininingwane mayelana nezinzuzo zentela nemithetho (kubandakanya izibonelo zendlela ama-HSA asebenza ngayo) ku-Publication ye-IRS 969, ama-Akhawunti Wokulondoloza Impilo kanye nezinye izinhlelo Zempilo Zentela.
Ukubhalisela i-HSA
Amabhange, izinyunyana zezikweletu, izinkampani zomshuwalense kanye nezinye izikhungo zezimali yizinhlinzeko ezivunyelwe futhi ziqondise ama-akhawunti e-HSA. Umqashi wakho kungenzeka futhi usethe uhlelo oluzokusiza ukuba ubhalise.
Qaphela ukuthi i-HSA yakho ayiyona into oyithenga ngayo; iyinhlangano yokugcina imali ongayifaka ngayo imali ngesisekelo esikhethwe intela.
Uyini uhlelo lwezempilo oluphakeme?
Uma unquma ukuvula i-HSA, kufanele ube nehlelo eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo (HDHP). I-HDHP wuhlobo lwenqubo yomshuwalense wezempilo okufanele ihambisane nemithetho eqondile ye-IRS. Kukhona imithethonqubo ephathelene nokunciphisa ama-deductibles kanye nemikhakha engaphezulu kwe-pocket, futhi uhlelo alukwazi ukuhlinzeka nganoma yiziphi izinzuzo ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kokuvikela (njengoba kuchazwe yi-IRS) ngaphambi kokudonswa.
Ngonyaka we-2018, i-HDHP kufanele inikwe imali engenani ye $ 1,300 kumuntu oyedwa, noma i-$ 2,600 yomndeni.
Futhi uhlelo alukwazi ukuphuma ngaphezulu kwe-pocket ngokungaphezulu kwe $ 6,550 kumuntu oyedwa, noma $ 13,100 emndenini. Inani lezindleko ezincane ezidingekayo ezidonswe futhi ezingaphandle kwezindleko zilungiswa minyaka yonke ukuze zilandele ukukhuphuka kwemali.
Imikhawulo engenhla kwizindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket ze-HDHPs ziphansi kunezingqikithi eziphezulu ezingaphandle kwe-pocket ezisebenza kwezinye izinhlelo . Ngonyaka ka-2014, babefana, kodwa ifomula elisetshenziselwa ukwandisa imingcele ye-HDHPs engekho ngaphandle kwehlukile kufomula esetshenziselwa ukwandisa umkhawulo ongaphandle kwamapulani kwezinye izinhlelo, ngakho imingcele engenhla ihambisane nesikhathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi engekho i-HDHP ingaba nemingcele ephakeme kakhulu ye-pocket, i-HDHP ayiwona amacebo anamaprimiyamu aphansi kakhulu, okuzobonakala uma uthenga ukuthenga kwakho emakethe ngayinye. Kodwa uma izinketho zakho zikhawulelwe ngumqashi futhi enye yezinhlelo ezikhona i-HDHP, cishe kuyoba uhlelo oluphansi kunawo wonke umqashi wakho owenzayo, njengoba amanye amalungiselelo atholakalayo kungenzeka afake izinzuzo (njengama- copay ekuvakasheni kwamahhovisi, esikhundleni sakho ukuthi ukhokhe izindleko ezigcwele zokuhambela ihhovisi) ngaphambi kokudonswa.
Ungasebenzisa i-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza impilo ukuze usize ukukhokhela izindleko uhlelo lwakho lwezempilo alumbozi.
U Dr. Mike Incazelo: Deductible - I-deductible yimalini okufanele uyikhokhele ngonyaka-nje wezindleko ezihlobene nempilo ngaphambi kokuba umshwalense wakho uqale ukukhokha. Ngaphansi kwe-HDHP (okumelwe ube nayo ukuze unikeze i-HSA), imali yakho eyobanjelwa kuyoba okungenani $ 1,300 ukuze kube nokuthengwa okukodwa, futhi okungenani u-$ 2,600 ukufakwa komndeni.
Ukubhalisa kwi-High-Deductible Health Plan
Noma yimuphi inkampani edayisa umshuwalense wezempilo esifundazweni sakho inganikeza i-HDHP. Umqashi wakho anganikeza i-HDHP futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuthola i-HDHP efanelekayo ngokuxhumana nokushintshanisa kuhulumeni wakho, inkampani yomshuwalense yamanje, noma i-ejenti noma umdayisi onikwe imvume yokuthengisa umshuwalense wezempilo esifundazweni sakho. Umnyango wakho womshuwalense wombuso ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana namaHHHP afanelekile.
Yiziphi izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile?
I-IRS Publication 502 ichaza izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile njenge "izindleko zokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, ukunciphisa, ukwelashwa, noma ukuvimbela izifo, kanye nezindleko zokwelapha ezithinta noma yikuphi ingxenye noma umsebenzi womzimba .Lezi zindleko zihlanganisa ukukhokhelwa kwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezenziwa odokotela, odokotela bamazinyo, nabanye odokotela bezokwelapha. Zihlanganisa izindleko zemishini, izinto ezihlinzekwayo, nezinsiza zokuxilonga ezidingekayo kulezi zinhloso. "
Ngaphansi kwemigomo yoMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakekelwayo, awukwazi ukubuyiswa kabusha ngesisekelo samahhala ezindleko zemithi eminingi, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekunikezela ngemithi.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Nezimpahla Zama-akhawunti Wokulondoloza Impilo?
UMnyango Wezezimali Wase-US uchaza ukuthi izinzuzo zama-HSA kanye nama-HDHP zihlanganisa:
- Banikeza ukuvikeleka ngokukuvikela emithethweni ephakeme yezokwelapha noma ezingalindelekile.
- Ukuthenga kungabiza kakhulu ngenxa yemishanguzo yemishwalense yempilo ephansi, njengoba izinhlelo zingenzi.kuvikela izinzuzo ngaphezu kokunakekelwa kokuvikela kuze kube yilapho usuhlangabezane ne-deductible yakho.
- Unenkinga yokusebenzisa izimali ku-akhawunti yakho ukukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi izindleko umshwalense wakho ongawubheki.
- Ungalondoloza imali ku-akhawunti yakho ngezindleko zezokwelapha esizayo.
- Ungakwazi ukukhulisa i-akhawunti yakho ngokusebenzisa imali yokutshala izimali.
- Wenza zonke izinqumo mayelana nemali engakanani ongayifaka ku-akhawunti yakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulondoloza imali yezindleko zesikhathi esizayo noma ukhokhe izindleko zokwelashwa zamanje, nokuthi yiziphi izindleko zezokwelapha okufanele uzikhokhe ngezimali ze-HSA. Ungakhetha ukukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha ngezimali ezingekho ze-HSA (okungukuthi, ngemali yentela), londoloza amarisidi akho, bese uzibuyisela wena iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka kamuva, ngemali engenayo intela eHSA. Ngale ndlela, i-HSA ingasetshenziswa njengesikhwama esiphuthumayo noma i-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ungagcina i-HSA yakho ngisho noma ushintsha imisebenzi, shintsha ukuhlinzeka kwakho kwezokwelapha, ungasebenzi, uye kwenye indawo, noma ushintshe isimo sakho somshado. Ungenza kuphela iminikelo ku-HSA yakho ngesikhathi ophethe ukufakwa kwe-HDHP endaweni. Kodwa imali ku-HSA ingeyakho futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukumboza izindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekayo nganoma isiphi isikhathi esikhathini esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lomshwalense wempilo onakho (noma awunawo) ngaleso sikhathi.
- Izimali zakho zihlala ku-akhawunti unyaka nonyaka - azikho "zisebenzise noma zilahlekelwe"
Ukwengeza, i-HSA yakho ikuhlinzekela ngokulondoloza intela kathathu:
- ukukhishwa kwentela uma unikela ku-akhawunti yakho
- inzuzo engenayo intela ngokusebenzisa utshalomali
- ukuhoxiswa kwentela ngaphandle kwezindleko zezokwelapha ezifanelekile
Izinhlangano eziningana zabathengi, kuhlanganise nabathengi be-Consumer Reports, bebelokhu behlaziya ama-HSA ngoba banikeza inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu abasha abanempilo abangenayo abancikeyo nabantu abacebile abangakwazi ukulondoloza ngaphezulu intela yabo.
> Imithombo:
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Onganakekelwayo: Imibuzo Nezimpendulo Ngaphezu KweMithi Nemithi Yezidakamizwa.
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. I-Bulletin yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Inombolo ye-Bulletin 2018-10 , Mashi 5, 2018.
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Ukushicilelwa 502. Izindleko zezokwelapha nezamazinyo .
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso. Ukushicilelwa kuka-969 (2017) Ama-Akhawunti Wokulondoloza Impilo kanye nezinye Izinhlelo Zempilo Zentela.