I-DEA Inqabe Ukuhlehlisa I-Marijuana
Kungenzeka ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi inambuzane iye yafakazelwa ukuthi iyinzuzo yezokwelapha futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvunyelwe izinhloso zokwelapha. Kungaba lula ukudweba lezo ziphetho ngoba izimboni eziningi ziye zasemthethweni ukubhema inambuzane ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwelashwa.
Kodwa, iqiniso yi-US Food and Drug Administration akakaze avume ukubhema inambuzane kunoma yisiphi isimo noma izifo, futhi eqinisweni, uye waphetha ngokuthi ukubhema inambuzane kunomonakalo omkhulu kunokuba wenza okuhle.
Nakuba ucwaningo luqhutshwa ngezinzuzo zemithi eziye zakhiwa kusukela ezingxenyeni zensangu, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cannabinoids, ukubhema kuseyinto ebalulekile yokukhathazeka kwezempilo kubaphathi bezempilo kanye nezinhlangano zezokwelapha.
Ingozi kwabantwana nemindeni
Isigaba Sokunciphisa Ukufuna Ukulawulwa Kwezidakamizwa e-US sikhathazekile ngokuthi ukunyakaza kwegciwane lokugaya inzalo kuzwelonke kulo lonke izwe kubeka ingozi kubantwana bethu, imindeni yethu, nomphakathi ngokwawo.
I-DEA ikholelwa ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwamanoni "kuzothatha izindleko zezingane zethu nokuphepha komphakathi," nokuthi inkolelo eyiphunga inambuzane imithi ithumela umyalezo ongafanele ezinganeni zanamuhla.
Ukuthola Imininingwane Yezokwelapha Ukuqondisa
Ukuze silwe nalezi zindaba ezizungeze inambuzane yezokwelapha, i-DEA yanyathelisa incwajana yamakhasi angu-30, ethi "Izingozi Nezimphumela Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwemariju," echaza izizathu zokuthi "ukubhema inambuzane akuyona imithi."
Le ncwadi ibika isikhundla se-FDA emkhakheni wezokwelapha , kanye nezinqubomgomo kanye nezikhundla zezinhlangano eziningana zempilo kazwelonke, ezigxile kuzo kanye izifo kanye nezimo ezifanele ukwelashwa ngogwayi.
Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa
Ngokusho kwe-"Inter-Agency Advisory Regarding Claims That Smoked Marijuana Kuyinto Imithi," i-FDA ibike ukuthi "okwamanje kukhona ubufakazi obuzwakalayo bokubhema inambuzane kuyingozi."
Esikhundleni sokuvuma ukubhema inambuzane yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, i-FDA memo ka-2006 yathi "akukho zifundo zesayensi ezizwakalayo ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ukuze zithole ukwelashwa e-United States, futhi akukho silwane noma idatha yomuntu esisekela ukuphepha noma ukusebenza kahle kwegubhu ngokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha jikelele. "
I-American Medical Association
Ngo-Novemba 2013, i-American Medical Association House of Delegates yakhipha isitatimende se-"AMA Policy on Cannabis, H-95.998," lapho inhlangano ithi i-cannabis iyisidakamizwa esiyingozi futhi ngaleyo ndlela inokukhathazeka kwempilo yomphakathi nokuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa akufanele kube ngokomthetho.
Isitatimende se-AMA sathi abantu abasebenzisa inambuzane akufanele baboshwe kodwa baphathwe ngokwemithi, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba inambuzane iboniswe ukuthi iyinzuzo yezokwelapha.
I-American Society of Addiction Medicine
Ngo-Julayi 2012, i-ASAM yakhipha isitatimende senqubomgomo yomphakathi mayelana nensangu yezokwelapha lapho inhlangano yathi: "Yonke imithi, imikhiqizo esekelwe i-cannabis, kanye namadivayisi wokudiliva i-cannabis kufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso ezifanayo kuzo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa zemithi kanye namadivayisi wezokwelapha, futhi akufanele kusakazwe noma kunikezwe ngenye iziguli. "
Isitatimende sika-ASAM siphinde sadikibala "ukuphazanyiswa kombuso ohlelweni lokuvuma imishanguzo yase-federal" futhi wathi inhlangano iphikisana neziphakamiso zokubhalisa inambuzane e-US
I-American Cancer Society
Esinye seziphakamiso eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa inambuzane yezokwelapha yizinzuzo zayo ezibikiwe zokusiza iziguli zomdlavuza ezihamba nge-chemotherapy ngobuhlungu nobuhlungu bazo, kodwa ngo-Ephreli 2010, i-American Cancer Society yakhipha iphepha lapho inhlangano ithi khona " ukugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwamanoni okugcoba noma ukugonywa kwamanoni. "
I-ACS yathi ukwelashwa okungcono nangokwengeziwe kunesidingo ukuze kunqobe imiphumela yomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwayo futhi inhlangano isekela ucwaningo oluthe xaxa ngezinzuzo zama-cannabinoids.
I-American Glaucoma Society
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukusetshenziswa kwegciwane kubhekwa njengendlela yokwelapha iziguli ze-glaucoma futhi yisinye sezizathu ezithandwayo kakhulu ukuthi inambuzane inqunywe lapho kusemthethweni, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo akusekelwa yi-American Glaucoma Society.
Ngo-Ephreli 2012, inhlangano yashicilela iphephandaba elithi "nakuba inambuzane inganciphisa ukucindezelwa kwe-intraocular, imiphumela emibi kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza, kuhlanganise nokungabi nobufakazi bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuguqula i-glaucoma, kungavumeli ukuncoma lesi sidakamizwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphathwa kwe-glaucoma okwamanje. "
Ngokuyinhloko, i-AGS ithi umthamo omkhulu wezosawoti okwakudingeka ukhiqize imiphumela wawuyingozi kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi izinzuzo.
I-American Academy of Pediatrics
Ngo-2004, i-AAP yashicilela umbiko othi, "Ukumiswa kweMarijuana: Ingozi Yomthelela Entsha," lapho inhlangano ithi ngenkathi isekelwe ucwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okungenzeka ukuthi i-cannabinoids, iphikisana nokuqokwa kwamanoni ngoba "ingathinta ukuxhaphazwa kokusetshenziswa phakathi kwentsha. "
I-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Ngo-June 2012, i-AACAP ikhishwe isitatimende senqubomgomo lapho ithi, "Ukwelapha 'kokubhema inambuzane kuye kwaphazamisa umbono wezingozi eziwaziwayo nezinzuzo ezihlosiwe zalesi sidakamizwa."
Inhlangano ithi ukukhathazeka kwayo kwakuyinhloko yokuthi "abasebenzisi be-marijuana abasebasha banamathuba amaningi kunabasebenzisi abadala ukuba bathuthukise ukuxhomeka kwezinyosi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwabo okunamandla kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwendlala futhi kwandisa inkinga yokucindezeleka kwengqondo, kwemizwa nokukhathazeka."
I-National Multiple Sclerosis Society
NgoJanuwari 2013, i-NMSS yashicilele umbiko we "Imithi Ephelele neyomuthi," lapho yathi khona, "okwamanje ayinayo idatha yokuncoma inambuzane noma izakhi zalo njengokwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-MS."
Inhlangano isekela ucwaningo olwengeziwe kunoma yimuphi umgomo wezobambiso ekwelapheni kwe-MS kodwa njengamanje isekela ezinye izidakamizwa ezivivinywe kahle, ezigunyaziwe yi-FDA zokwelapha.
I-National Association of Nurses School
Ngo-Mashi 2013, i-NASN yakhicilela "Ukumiswa kweMarijuana, Isitatimende Sokuvumelana," lapho inhlangano ithi inambuzane ihlelwe ngokufanele njengeSheduli I impahla nokuthi "isisindo esicacile sobufakazi obutholakalayo manje sisekela lesi sigaba."
Inhlangano yabonisa ukuthi "kukhona ukuntula okujwayelekile kokuphepha okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngisho nangaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha" okuthiwa inambuzane yezokwelapha.
I-American Psychiatric Association
Ku-November 2013 "Isitatimende Esikhundleni SaseMarijuana njengoMuthi," i-APA yathi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi akukho bufakazi besayensi ukuthi inambuzane iphumelela ukwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo sengqondo, "ubufakazi obukhona manje buxhasa, okungenani, inhlangano eqinile ye-cannabis sebenzisa lapho kuqala ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. "
Njengabanye izinhlangano kulolu hlu, i-APA isekela ucwaningo ngemiphumela yezokwelapha, kodwa yathi ukuvunyelwa kwanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kufanele kuhambisane ne-FDA futhi "kungabi namandla okugunyazwa yizinyathelo zokuvota."
I-DEA Inqabe Ukuhlehlisa I-Marijuana
Ngo-Agasti 2016, ngokuphendula izikhalazo ezimbili zokuqala izinqubo zokuvuselela inambuzane esitokisini seSheduli I ngaphansi koMthetho Wokulawulwa Kwezinto, i-DEA yacela ukuhlolwa kwezesayensi nokwelashwa nokuhlela izincomo ezivela eMnyangweni wezeMpilo noHulumeni lwabantu (HHS). Ukuhlolwa kwaqhutshwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngokubonisana neNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
Ngenxa yoluhlolo, i-DEA yenqabe kokubili izicelo zokuphinda zibhekelele imbongi njengesidakamizwa seSheduli ngoba:
- Akuhambisani nemigomo yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengamanje.
- Kukhona ukungabi khona kokuphepha okuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha.
- Unamandla okuhlukunyezwa.
Ukuphendula okuningiliziwe kwabafakizicelo baveza isisekelo sangempela nesemthethweni sokuphika izicelo. Impendulo ye-DEA ithi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi ingabe inambuzane noma izakhi zayo zihlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ngokwezokwelapha ngezingqinamba zesayensi ezilawulwa ngokwesayensi nokulawulwa kahle ezenziwe ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokugunyazwa kwezidakamizwa zokudla kwezidakamizwa e-US.
Ayikho Imithi Yokwelashwa Yamukelwa Yamanje Yamanje
Ukuhlolwa kwe-DEA ka-2016 kuphelile ngokuthi inambuzane ayihlangabezane nanoma yiziphi izakhi ezinhlanu ezidingekayo ukuze izidakamizwa zamukele ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengamanje:
- Imithi yamakhemikhali kufanele yaziwe futhi iphinde ikwazi ukukhiqizwa.
- Kufanele kube nezifundo ezanele zokuphepha.
- Kumele kube nokuhlolwa okwanele nokulawulwa kahle okubonisa ukusebenza kahle.
- Isidakamizwa kufanele samukelwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
- Ubufakazi besayense kufanele bube khona kabanzi.
I-DEA ithole ukuthi inambuzane ayihlangabezane nalokhu okushiwo ngenhla nokuthi akukho noyedwa wezifundo ezingu-566 ezishicilelwe ezenziwe ngoguni zihlangabezana nezindlela zokutadisha okwanele nokulawulwa kahle.
Imithombo:
UMnyango Wezobulungisa wase-US Ukulawulwa Kwezokuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa. "Ukwenqaba Ukuncenga Ukuqalisa Izinqubo Zokuvuselela I-Marijuana." I-Federal Register 11 Agasti 2016.
UMnyango Wezobulungisa wase-US Ukulawulwa Kwezokuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa. "Izingozi Nezimphumela Zokuhlukumeza Amanoni." Isigaba Sokunciphisa Ukufuna NgoJanuwari 2014.