Esinye sezikhalazo zezempilo ezivame kakhulu, ukuthi ngabe umuntu une-hepatitis noma cha, yisimiso sezempilo esimweni esihle sokugaya ukudla. Isistimu yokugaya isisu esithintekayo ivame ukugqugquzelwa ukuncipha kwama-enzyme, okusho ukuthi, lapho umuntu enesimo esingathandeki, kunganciphisa ikhono lokuthola izakhi ezifanele ukuba yizingxenye ezizuzisayo zomzimba wonke.
Lokhu konke kuholela esimweni esingenamsoco esimpofu, ekugcineni okungase kukhulise izifo ezinjenge-hepatitis. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu iziguli ze-hepatitis ukuba zicabangele ukugcina isimiso sokugaya ukudla okunempilo, kanye nokuqonda imithelela yezempilo yokugaya kahle.
Njengoba esinye sezimbangela ezingenakwenzeka kakhulu sokuhluleka kwesisindo sokugaya ukudla kungukuguqulwa kokusebenza kahle kwe-enzymatic, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi kunesimo esihle se-enzyme esimisweni sethu sokugaya ukudla. Ipheshana le-GI enempilo lisebenzisa ama-enzymes ukudiliza ukudla okugonywe nokukhiqiza izakhi ezitholakala kalula egazini. Uhlelo lokugaya, okuyinto isibindi luyingxenye yalo, lunamabhaktheriya alungele ukubaluleka kokuhamba kwamathumbu, ukumunwa nokukhiqizwa kwamavithamini ezithombeni.
I-World of Enzymes
I-Pepsin ingenye ye- enzyme yokugaya ukudla okudingekayo ekugayeni kahle. I-pepsin isiza ukudiliza iphrotheni bese iguqula ibe yi-peptides esiswini.
I-Trypsin, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-enzyme efihliwe yi-pancreas kwi-duodenum eguqula ama-peptide abe ama-amino acids. Ukuxhaphazwa kwe-trypsin kubangela isenzo se-chymotrypsin, esibuye siphule amaprotheni. Elinye iqembu le-enzyme elifihliwe yi-pancreas lixhomeke kuma-proteases - ama-enzyme aguqule amaprotheni avela ekudleni abe ama-amino acids.
Amathe amakhiwe yizigulane ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi akhiqiza i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-amylase, ekhona futhi emanzini; liguqula ama-carbohydrate zibe ushukela olula ngokushesha nje lapho igubhu seligcotshwe ngamathe emlonyeni. I-Lipase ingenye i-enzyme efihliwe kokubili ngamathe kanye nama-pancreas. I-Lipase iyasiza ekwehleni i-lipids noma amafutha ekusebenzeni izingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lactose noma ishukela lobisi lihlukaniswa yi-lactase - i-enzyme efihliwe yizinsika zamathumbu amancane.
I-Cellulase, ekhishwa amabhaktheriya amahle ahlala emathunjini noma umsele we-alimentary usiza ekugayeni kwe-cellulose nezinye izakhi ezitholakala ikakhulukazi ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Ama-enzyme namanye amajusi wokugaya asemqoka ekuguquleni kwama-molecule okudla abe izakhi ezingenakuthola. Ama-bacteria "amahle", eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-GI flora noma ama-probiotics ahlala emathunjini, angama-microorganisms abanobungane abenza ikhono lamathumbu likwazi ukuvimbela ama-bacterium angama-pathogenic noma amabi futhi akhuthaze amasosha omzimba. I-probiotics nayo ikhona ezintweni ezimbalwa zokudla. Ezinye zazo ziyimikhiqizo yobisi oluvuthiwe njenge-yogurt, ushizi kanye nebhotela, imifino evutshiwe, i-soy sauce, ne-miso okuyizo zonke izinto ezidayiswayo ze-soy.
Ngisho nezinhlanzi ezivuthayo ngokwemvelo zinama probiotics.
Noma kunjalo, ayikho indlela yokuqeda zonke izigciwane ezimbi emzimbeni bese nje ushiya zonke izibhaktheriya ezinhle kuwo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkambiso zokwehlisa impilo yepheshana le-GI ukuze unciphise ukukhathazeka okuvezwe yisiguli sesifo sofuba futhi ukwandise umkhuhlane womzimba. Ama-probiotics enza njengama-bacteria okulingana ukuze anqobe izimpikiswano ezimbi ze-bacteria ezingenakugwemeka okungenzeka zanqwabelana kokudla okungenampilo. Empeleni, ama-probiotics awanciphisi amakhemikhali akhona ohlelweni lokugaya futhi agcine ipheshana le-GI kuma-radicals amahhala eyaziwa ukuthi azokhipha ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokugaya.
Ukubheka Esibindi
Isibindi sithandwa kakhulu njengengxenye enkulu yangaphakathi yomzimba. Isikhumba yisitho esikhulu kunabo bonke, kodwa lokho kungaphandle. Isibindi sinemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene futhi isigaba esibalulekile somzimba. Iphinde ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi kanye nenqubo yokugaya. I-hiver hoards glycogen - uketshezi olude lwamaglucose olunezinhlelo eziningi olusebenza njengomthombo wesibili oyinhloko wokupakisha amandla. Isibindi siphinde sithathe izakhi zomzimba wonke. Ibuyisa okubabayo, okuphuzi ukuze kube mnandi noma kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze kube nohlobo oluphuzi olubizwa ngokuthi i-bile. I-bile ibhalwa emathunjini amancane, ikakhulukazi ku-duodenum, esiza ukugaya nokumunwa kwe-lipids, kuhlanganise namafutha.
I- bile itholakala ku-gallbladder, eyilungu elimele eliphakathi kwe-posterior le-posterior kwesibindi, ngemva kokuxoshwa yisibindi, futhi lihanjiswe ngokufanele emathunjini amancane. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-bile okuhambisa isisu kuya emathunjini amancane kunconywa lapho kufika ukudla okunamafutha ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bile excess is recycled yi-gallbladder ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha ukugaya kwesinye ukudla esilandelayo. I-pancreas, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inesibopho sokukhiqiza uketshezi lwe-pancreatic equkethe ama-enzyme ahlukene afunwa ukugaya: i-trypsin yokwehla kwamaprotheni, amylase for starches, kanye ne-lipase yokunciphisa amafutha. La ma-enzyme adlula futhi asize amathumbu amancane ekuqhubekeleni phambili ekunciphiseni ukudla njengoba ehamba emathunjini amakhulu.
Imithombo:
I-Kararli TT. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Anatomy ye-Gastrointestinal, i-Physiology, ne-Biochemistry yabantu kanye Nezilwane ZaseBathole Ezivame Ukusetshenziswa. I-Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 Jul; 16 (5): 351-80.
UMénard D. Ukuthuthukiswa Okusebenzayo Kwendlela Yomzimba Yabantu: Izinqubo Zokulawula I-hormone- ne-Growth Factor-Mediated Regulatory Mechanisms. Ingabe J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jan; 18 (1): 39-44.