Okubalulekile ngeColorectal Cancer
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal yigama elibhekisela emdlalweni otholakala kukholoni kanye / noma i-rectum . I-Cancer ekoloni ifaka lapho amangqamuzana ahlanganisa umthambo we-colon futhi aqala ukukhula ngokungavamile. Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wekoloni ziqala lapho ama-bulges emdwaleni wamathumbu ebizwa ngokuthi ama-polyps aqala ukukhula.
Ama-polyps angaba nomdlavuza futhi asakazeke ngekolon futhi abe izitho nezakhiwo eziseduze. Kodwa-ke, uma i-polyp etholakala futhi isuswa-eyenziwa kalula ngesikhathi se- colonoscopy- ayikho ithuba lokuguqula umdlavuza.
> Bheka indlela ama-polyps abonakala ngayo kukholoni.
Umdlavuza weColon ungumdlavuza wesithathu ovame kakhulu e-United States, yingakho i-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) isincoma ukuhlolwa kwabo bonke abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kanti nanoma ubani omunye obhekwa njengengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Kubantu abasengozini ejwayelekile, umdlavuza wekoloni uthatha isikhathi eside ukuthuthukisa. Kulabo abasengozini enkulu, njengalabo abanesifo sofuba (IBD) , ukuhlolwa kungadingeka ukuthi kube njalo njalo futhi kufanele kukhulunywe nomgastroenterologist.
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal ungaqala noma kuphi emgqonyeni. Ifomu elivame kakhulu libizwa nge- adenocarcinoma futhi lifaka amangqamuzana ahamba emathunjini futhi akhulule amanzi.
I-terminology
Igama elithi "umdlavuza we-colorectal" kanye "nomdlavuza wekoloni" kungadideka ngoba ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ngokungafani. Lokhu kwenzeka ehhovisi likadokotela, ezihlokweni ezibhaliwe ezigulini, nasemaphepheni okucwaninga abhalwa odokotela. Igama elithi " umdlavuza we-rectal " lucacile-livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela emdlalweni emgqeni, okuyingxenye yokugcina yamathumbu amakhulu futhi exhunywe kwi-anus.
Umdlavuza weColon kanye nomdlavuza we-rectal bavame ukuhlanganiswa ngenjongo yokucwaninga noma yokuhlola imithi kusukela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinemikhawulo eminingi efana futhi i-rectum iyingxenye yekoloni.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuxoxwa ngokuxilongwa komdlavuza wekoloni noma umdlavuza we-rectal nodokotela, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona nokuthi yisiphi isigaba somdlavuza . Lezi zici ziyobathinta ukhetho lwezokwelapha.
I-Anatomy ye-Colon
I-rectum iyingxenye ye-colon, futhi izitho zombili ndawonye zibizwa ngokuthi amathumbu amakhulu. I-colon itholakala eduze komjikelezo wesisu futhi ingamamitha amahlanu ubude. I-colon ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukunyuka kolononi
- I-colon ehambayo
- Yehla koloni
- I-Sigmoid colon
I-rectum isilinganiso ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwangu-12 ubude futhi itholakala phakathi kwe-sigmoid colon kanye ne- anus . Isitoreji sigcinwa ku-rectum kuze kube yilapho isilungele ukukhishwa emzimbeni ngokuhamba komzimba .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-colon ingabuye ikhulunywe ngokuthi inezigaba ezimbili: i-proximal ne-distal. I-proximal yisigaba sokuqala esihlanganiswe emathunjini amancane (nge-valve) futhi i-distal yisigaba sesibili esihlanganiswe ne-rectum.
Ukuhamba kwenkunkuma kusuka ekoloni ehamba phambili kuya kwekhalenda elikude kuya e-rectum bese ushiya umzimba ngokusebenzisa i-anus.
Abantu abane-IBD abanesimo ekolonini bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni. Ukuba ne-IBD esebenzayo ekoloni isikhathi eside kungandisa le ngozi. Iningi labantu abane-IBD, ngeke likhule nomdlavuza wekoloni.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kunezici eziningana zokufaka ingozi ezihlobene nomdlavuza obala. Ezinye azikwazi ukuguqulwa ngenkathi ezinye zingaqondiswa nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila . Izingozi ezinjalo zibandakanya:
- Ibudala ngaphezu kuka-50
- Ama-polyps ama-polyps
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile
- Amalungu omndeni onomdlavuza wekoloni
- Ukuba ne-IBD (isifo sikaCrohn nesifo sofuba)
- Ukudla okunamafutha aphezulu, okuphansi kwe-fiber
- Umlando womuntu wezinye ukwelapha
- Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa ugwayi
Abantu abane-IBD kufanele baxoxe ngeengozi zabo zomdlavuza nge-gastroenterologist futhi basebenze uhlelo oluhle lokuhlola .
Ukuhlola
Abantu abane-IBD bayovame ukuhlolwa njalo, njenge-colonoscopy, ephindwe kabili njengendlela yokuhlola umdlavuza we-colon. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngenxa yengozi eyanda.
Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izinketho zokuhlola ezingase zisetshenziswe futhi, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana kubantu abangenawo i-IBD. Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zifaka:
Igciwane leColon vs. Rectal Cancer
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal ungabhekisela kumdlavuza emgqonyeni noma emdlalweni emhlane. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukungafani phakathi kwabo-ikakhulukazi okuphathelene nokwelashwa nokubikezela-kubandakanya:
- I-Chemotherapy. Ezinyathelweni zokuqala zomdlavuza wekoloni (izigaba 1 no 2 ngokuqondile), imisebe kanye ne- chemotherapy kungenzeka ukuthi inganikezwa. Ukuze umdlavuza we-rectal, i-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngisho nasesiteji soku-1.
- Epidemiology. Lokhu kubhekisela ukuthi izifo eziningi zenzeka kanjani kubantu abathile, njengabesilisa nabesifazane. Bobabili abashadile bahlakulela umdlavuza wekoloni ngokulinganayo , kepha amadoda athambekele ekutholeni umdlavuza we-rectal kaningi kunabesifazane.
- Metastasis eseduze. Uma umdlavuza usakazeka ngaphandle kwesitho lapho uvela khona, ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic . Umdlavuza onomthelela unomngcipheko ophezulu wokusabalala esithombeni esikude noma lymph node.
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Funda nge-Ringet ye-Signet Ring ye-Cell Adenocarcinoma ye-Colon ne-Rectum
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Izinhlobo ze-Colon Polyps kanye Nalokho Okufanele Ukwazi Ngazo
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwendawo. Umdlavuza onomdlavuza unomthelela omkhulu wokuthuthukiswa kwendawo, okusho ukuthi ungasakazeka ku-anus, isisindo, isifuba, amathambo aso, noma izitho zokuzala.
- Umswakama. I-radiation isetshenziselwa kaningi umdlavuza wekoloni futhi kaningi kaningi ngomdlavuza we-rectal. Emigqeni yomdlavuza wama-rectal 2 noma 3, imisebe ingase isetshenziswe kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa okuvame kakhulu okwenzelwe umdlavuza wekoloni kuwumthengisi. Lena inqubo lapho ingxenye ethintekile yamakoloni nanoma yiziphi izicubu zomdlavuza isusiwe futhi iziphetho ezinempilo zamathumbu zihlanganiswe ndawonye. Emdlalweni wama-rectal, ukuhlinzeka kuvame ukuba yinselele kakhulu ngoba kuyindawo enzima ukufinyeleleka ngokomzimba kanye nokususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izitho.
- Ostomy. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wekoloni akudingeki babe ne-colostomy engunaphakade. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-colectomy , kubalulekile ukuthi ugqoke uhlelo lokusebenza lwangaphandle esiswini ukuze uqoqe imfucuza. Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wekoloni bangase babe ne-colostomy yesikhashana, ephindwe kamuva, futhi ukusebenza kwangaphandle akusekho isidingo. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzeka nge-ostomy uma kwenzeka umdlavuza we-rectal. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma i-anus kufanele isuswe. Ngaphandle kwalo, isitokisi asikwazi ukuqhutshwa emzimbeni (continence).
Izwi elivela
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal ngokuqinisekile uyisifo esinzima ukucabanga ngaso. Futhi ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wekolon noma umgogodla kuyodinga ukwelashwa okujulile nokuguquka kokuphila. Kodwa-ke, amazinga omdlavuza we-colorectal ayancipha njengabantu abaningi abasengozini ngoba bahlolwa.
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal ungavinjelwa noma utholakale ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi ne-colonoscopy. Ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa ekuhlolweni nasekutholeni izinyathelo ezitholakalayo, amazinga okuphulukiswa komdlavuza omncane ayenyuka njengamazinga ominyaka emibili naminyaka emihlanu okusinda. Ekugcineni ukusetshenziswa kwezivivinyo ezinama-molecular-based stool, okubambe isithembiso sokwenza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokunciphisa kancane. Ikusasa likhanyise ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-colorectal, ukutholakala kokuqala, kanye nemiphumela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Iyini iColorectal Cancer?" Cancer.org 20 Jan 2016.
> Bartlett DL, Chu E. "Ingabe I-Canast Colorectal Cancer Can Cure Can Cure?" ONCOLOGY . 15 Mashi 2012.
> Ho ML, Liu J, Narra V. "Ukufanekisa Okumangalisayo Kwe-Cancer Rectance." I-Clin Colon Rectal Surg . 2008 Aug; 3: 178-187.
> National Cancer Institute. "I-Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version." Cancer.gov 29 Jan 2016.
> National Cancer Institute. "Rectal Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version." Cancer.gov 29 Jan 2016.