I-Lassa isakazeke eNigeria
Iyini i-Lassa Fever?
Izimpawu zeLassa zikhumbuza u-Ebola. Zombili Fever Hemorrhagic Fever. Bobabili batholakala eNtshonalanga Afrika. Kodwa i-Lassa, lesi sifo esincane kakhulu esikuzwile, sekuholele ekufeni kwabantu abaningi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.
Umuntu ngamunye otheleleke ngeLassa cishe ngeke afe. Nokho, uLassa ubulala abantu abaningi; ithola okuningi.
I-Lassa, kucatshangwa, iholela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-5000 ngonyaka naphakathi kwezifo eziyi-100 000 kuya ku-300 000 ngonyaka, unyaka ngamunye.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuholela ekufeni ku-1% kuphela abathintekayo, nakuba lezi zibalo zingase zisho ukuthi kunezifo eziningi (noma ukufa okuncane noma izinga lokufa eliphakeme).
Ngokusemthethweni, kubikwa ukuthi i-Ebola iholele ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-11,300 kanye nokutheleleka kuka-28 600 kusukela ngoDisemba 2013 kuya kuDisemba 2015.
Iyini imbangela yeLassa?
Cishe eNtshonalanga Afrika, lapho itholakele khona, abantu abaningi abanegciwane le-Lassa abatholakali. Iningi (80%) linempawu emnene: umkhuhlane omncane, ukukhathala, ikhanda. Yilokho okunye okungu-20% abanezimpawu ezibuhlungu kakhulu. Bangase bahlakulele ukuphuma kwegazi (ama-mucosal - izimpumputhe, impumulo), isisu esiswini esiswini / isifuba / ubuhlungu emuva, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuvuvukala komzimba, i- conjunctivitis , amaprotheni emcinini, mhlawumbe ukudideka (ne-encephalitis), ukuthuthumela. Ukuthuka kungenzeka. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwenzeka ku-1/3 kulabo abanezimpawu. Labo abanesifo esinzima basengozini yokufa. Cishe u-1% jikelele uyafa.
Labo abasesibhedlela banethuba eliphakeme lokufa - ngoba kungenzeka babegula kakhulu ukuba balethwe esibhedlela noma kungenzeka ukuthi babe nezinga eliphezulu lokuchayeka.
Iziguli ezingaba ngu-15-20% sezibhedlela zifa. Iziguli eziningi zinenkinga yokuthola ukunakekelwa futhi amacala amaningi awatholaki, ngisho noma enezibonakaliso.
Ngezinye izikhathi kunezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ezibona izinga eliphezulu lokufa - kufika ku-50%, njengoba igciwane kanye nokudluliselwa kwalo kukhuliswa.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangase bafe.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe ku-trimester yabo yesithathu basengozini enkulu. Amathumbu abo ngokuvamile awabangeli ukuzalwa okuphilayo; Ama-95% awasho.
Uphi uLassa?
Kwaqala ukutholakala ukuthi yi-Lassa e-Borno, eNigeria. Kwakuqala ukubonakala ngo-1969 lapho abahlengikazi ababili bezithunywa zevangeli befa ngalo.
Manje itholakala eNigeria, eSierra Leone, eLiberia naseGuinea. Amacala ambalwa abike eningizimu yeMali, eningizimu yeBurkina Faso, eGhana naseCôte d'Ivoire. Ama-antibodies ku-virus aye abonakala kubantu baseTogo nabaseBenin, okuphakamisa umbuzo ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini (kodwa ama-antibodies asebenzayo awanakwenzeka njalo).
Isibhedlela saseSierra Leone esibe esibhedlela sase-Ebola ekuqaleni kweKenema kwakuyisibhedlela saseLassa. Kwezinye izingxenye zaseLiberia naseSierra Leone, kungase kube namaphesenti angu-10% -16% wezibhedlela aseLassa.
Uthola kanjani iLassa?
I-Lassa Fever iqala amasonto 1-3 emva kokuchayeka. Ukuvezwa ngokuvamile kuvamise "i-multimammate rat" ( iMastomys natalensis ). Lokhu kuvezwa akudingeki kube ngqo kudoti; ukutheleleka kungase kube ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-rat droppings, umchamo noma amathe. Izindawo lapho iLassa ithola khona yizindawo lapho le rat isholakala khona.
Ingabe i-Lassa ingasakazeka ezibhedlela?
I-Lassa ingasakazeka esibhedlela.
Kungasakazeka uma ukuvikelwa - njengeglavu nezembatho kungasetshenzisiwe. Akusakazeki kalula njenge-Ebola ezibhedlela. Ukuxhumana nomfutho womzimba kuyadingeka ukuba usakaze. Kungabuye futhi isakaze ngezinsiza zezinaliti noma uma izinto zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswanga kahle emva kokusetshenziswa noma inzalo ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha. Ukusetshenziselwa okunjalo kwezidakamizwa kungase kwenzeke ngaphandle kwezibhedlela, okuholela ekusakazeni.
UDkt Khan, owashona nge-Ebola ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-Lassa unit futhi kamuva e-Ebola e-Kenema General Hospital, usesimweni sakhe ngemuva kokuba udokotela odlule efile eLassa. Udokotela odlule wayenesidingo esincane esivela esibhedlela saseLassa.
Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa?
I-Ribavirin, i-drug anti-virus, isetshenziswa. Iphumelela kakhulu uma inikezwa kusenesikhathi. Akuyona ukwelashwa okhethekile kwegciwane futhi akuyona imithi yonke imithi.
Ukuphathwa kakhudlwana kuhilela ukuphathwa okusekelayo - ukwenza iziguli eziqinisekisiwe zihlanjululwe futhi zondliwe, kuyilapho zinikeza oksijeni kanye neminye yokwelashwa njengoba kudingeka.
Ukulethwa kwe-fetus noma usana kubonakala kuthuthukisa impilo kamama okhulelwe.
I-Ribavirin nayo isetshenzisiwe njenge-post-exposure prophylaxis. Nokho, kuyoba nzima ukutadisha ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwayo.
Kutholakala kanjani?
Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-PCR noma nokuhlolwa kwe-antibody.
Kungaba nzima ukubona uLassa ngemitholampilo. Ukutholakala kwezifo kuzoqala ngezimpawu, umlando wesiguli, kanye noxhumana nabo.Izibonakaliso zingase zingabi yizona ezicacile futhi zingase zicatshangwe ukuthi zenye isifo se-febrile, njenge-malaria ngisho.
Ukutholwa kwamacala okuqiniswa kubalulekile. Ukudambisa ekubonisweni kuhlotshaniswa nokushona okufayo.
Ingabe kukhona umuthi wokugoma?
Ayikho imithi yokugoma.
Ingabe lokhu kubonakala e-US?
Icala lokugcina lase-US kwaba umuntu owabuya eLiberia waya eNew Jersey noLassa. Ukuxilongwa kwaphazamiseka naphezu kokuqapha izinqubo ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-Ebola ngaleso sikhathi.
Iyiphi uhlobo lwegciwane elinguLassa?
I-Lassa i-arenavirus, i-genome yayo inamakhemikhali amabili e-RNA angashadile.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi igciwane kungenzeka ukuthi liholele ekuguqulweni kwezidalwa zegciwane ezidlulile ezindaweni ezithintekile eLassa, njengokuthi kanjani izakhi ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ezinciphisa ubuhlungu be-malaria ziye zadlulelwa phambili.Kukhona nezinguquko eziningana kulokho okuyizinto eziphilayo I-Lassa ithwala, njengoba igciwane liye lazama ukuvimbela izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba.
Zikhona ezinye i-arnavirus?
Kukhona nezinye izidakamizwa ezingavamile ezingamabonakude (HF) eNingizimu Melika: uJunin (i-Argentina HF), i-Machupo (i-Bolivia HF), iGuanarito (i-Venezuelan HF), uSabia (i-Brazilian HF), i-Chapare virus (eBolivia)