U-Chikungunya uthola idumela elihle kakhulu ngenxa yemiphumela yalo ebuhlungu nokulimaza. Ibuye iqoqe phansi. Ngaphambilini itholakele e-Asia nase-Afrika, yandeza eCaribbean ngo-2013 futhi manje isenyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Ukulunywa umiyane kwezinye izingxenye zaseFlorida naseTexas kungasakazeka iChikungunya.
Kuyini iChikungunya?
I-Chikungunya (chik-en-gun-ye) isifo sofuba esibangela umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu obuhlangene obusabalala kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngokulunywa omiyane.
Leli gama lisho ukuthi "okwenyukayo" ngolimi lweMakonde eTanzania lapho lesi sifo sasiqala ukubonakala ngawo-1950. Igama libhekisela ekutheni labo abathintekayo bavele kanjani: baxhunywa ngezinhlungu ezihlangene.
I-Chikungunya isakazeka kanjani?
Ukutheleleka kusakazwa yi-bite ye- Aedes aegypti noma i- Aedes albopictus umiyane. Ukuluma kufanele kwenzeke ngemuva kokuba umiyane ubambe umuntu olele nge-Chikungunya. Abahambi ababuyelayo ngeke basakaze izifo uma kungenjalo ngenye yalezi zinyosi.
Umswakama we-Aedes aegypti utholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseFlorida, eTexas, nase-Arizona kanye nezingxenye ezinqunyelwe zaseCalifornia. I- Aedes albopictus umiyane isakaze phambili enyakatho eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ifika eChicago naseNew York City . Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu balezi zinyosi abukodwa njengezingxenye zeCaribbean lapho lesi sifo sisakaze khona ngokushesha. I-Central America kanye nezingxenye zaseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eVenezuela, ziye zaba namanani aphakeme kakhulu.
Izifo ze-Epidemics zivame ukungcolisa kubantu abangenwe igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi abazungezile. Abangu-1 kwabangu-3 banesifo sengculaza esidlule (i-Reunion Island, eCambodia).
Lezi zinyosi ziluma usuku lonke, nakuba ngaphezulu kusihlwa. Zivame ukungena endlini futhi zingaluma unyaka wonke emafutheni afudumele.
Bazala emanzini amaningi, afana namabhakede, izindlu zangasese, namathayi.
Umama ogulayo angadlulisela ukutheleleka kumntanakhe lapho ezalwa. Nokho, ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuphilile uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka kahle ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Izifo nazo zingasakazwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi.
Ingabe ezinye izinhlobo zeChikungunya zisakazeka ngokushesha kunabanye?
Yebo, ngenhlanhla, uhlobo olutholakala manje eMelika aluwona uhlobo olusakazeka ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa umuthi ovame ukutholakala eNyakatho Melika, Aedes albopictus . Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu - eNtshonalanga Afrika, East / Central / South Africa (ECSA), nase-Asia. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ECSA zishintshashintsha (okubizwa ngokuthi i-A226V, ngaphakathi kweprotheyini ye-E1) evumela i- Aedes albopictus ukuba isakaze ngokushesha i-Chikungunya.
Ufakele kuphi?
U-Chikungunya watholakala ngokomlando e-Afrika nase-Asia. Kwasakazeka eReunion Island ngo-2005, eNdiya ngo-2006, kanye nase-Italy naseFrance ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kuka-2013, itholakele kuphela ekubuyiseni abahambi eNtshonalanga Yezwe. I-Chikungunya isakaze kuqala kule ndawo ngo-2013 lapho itholakala eSt Martin. Kamuva usakazeka kulo lonke elaseCaribbean, kuhlanganise nasePuerto Rico, eHaiti naseDominican Republic. Liye lasakazeka eFlorida futhi litholakala eminyameni eTexas nasezigulini zaseMexico.
Manje cishe cishe wonke amazwe emazweni asenyakatho nasenyakatho eNingizimu Melika, naseNingizimu Pacific.
Uhlu olufika eCaribbean lubonakala luvela e-Asia. Lolu hlobo luhlobene eduze nobunzima obuvela ePhilippines kanye nolutholakala e-China (Zhejiang) naseMicronesia.
Ngizivikela kanjani mina?
Impendulo elula: gwema ukulunywa umiyane. Ukuvakasha ezindaweni ezizungezile nge-Chikungunya kungafaka abagibeli engozini. Uma kukhona izinyosi nge-Chikungunya, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulunywa nokuzalanisa umiyane. Inambuzane ingazalana kunoma yiziphi iziqukathi zamanzi ezingcolile.
Ungavumeli amanzi ahlale emathayi noma amabhakede. Iziqukathi ezingenalutho. Gqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe ukuze ugweme ukukhala. Sebenzisa i-insecte repellant, njenge-DEET. Sebenzisa izikrini emafasiteleni naseminyango, uma kungenzeka.
Labo abaphethwe yi-febrile nasemasontweni okuqala okutheleleka bangase bafise ukulala ngaphansi komkhiqizo wokungcosana emasontini ngesikhathi sokuvimbela ukulunywa kweminyanyakazi ekusakazeni ukutheleleka.
Ngingayifaka yini ekhaya?
Mhlawumbe hhayi uma uhlala esimweni esiphezulu sezulu. Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile "kungeniswa" ngokubuyisa abahambi abangafaki ukutheleleka kwabanye. Izingxenye eziningi zase- US naseCanada azizinayo umiyane odinga ukusabalalisa lesi sifo. Umswakama udinga ukuluma umuntu onegciwane bese uluma omunye umuntu ukuba asakaze ukutheleleka (ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi noma ukuzalwa). Ukulunywa kuyodingeka kwenzeke ngenkathi igciwane lisengumuntu ogulayo. Izinga le-Virus liphakeme ngezinsuku ezingu-3, ngokuvamile lihlala izinsuku ezingu-8, kodwa isikhathi eside (izinsuku ezingu-17). Iningi labantu ababuyele nge-aches ehlangene cishe alithinteli amasonto amabili ngemva kokuqala izimpawu.