Isifo Sokuzenzekelayo
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (i-ITP), ebizwa nangokuthi i-immune thrombocytopenic purpura, yisimo lapho umzimba ungenawo amaplatelethi anele. Ama-Platelets amangqamuzana egazi asiza ukuyeka ukuphuma ngegazi ngokubambelela ndawonye ukuze akhe ama-clots okufaka ukusikeka okuncane noma amakhefu.
"Idiopathic" (id-ee-o-PATH-ick) kusho ukuthi imbangela yalesi sifo aziwa.
"I-thrombocytopenic" (i-throm-bo-site-o-PEE-nick) isho amapulethi aphansi egazi.
"I-Purpura" (i-PURR-purr-ah) isho ukuthi umuntu une-crruising ngokweqile.
Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-ITP iyi-disorder autoimmune. Umzimba ngokuvamile wenza ama-antibodies alwe nokutheleleka, kepha ku-ITP lezi zifo zokulwa nokulwa nokubhubhisa amaplatelet aphilile omzimba. Okubangela ukuthi lokhu kungaziwa. I-ITP ivela kubantu abayi-50 kuya kwezi-150 ngezigidi ngonyaka. Cishe ingxenye yengxenye ethintekayo yizingane. I-ITP ingathinta abesifazane 2 kuya kweziphindwe kathathu kaningi kunamadoda.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ITP.
- I-ITP elula iyinhlobo yesikhashana noma yesikhashana ye-ITP. Ngokuvamile ihlala izinyanga ezingaphansi kwezingu-6. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-ITP futhi luvela ikakhulu kubantwana, kokubili abafana namantombazane, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka emibili no-4 ubudala. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba ingane isifo noma igula ngegciwane.
- I-ITP engapheli ihlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile ibangela izimpawu ezinyangeni ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinta abantu abadala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi intsha noma izingane zingayithuthukisa.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-ITP zingabandakanya:
- Ukulimaza okulula noma ngokweqile; izibhamu zingase zenzeke ngenxa yesizathu esicacile (purpura)
- Amachashazi amancane aphuzi obomvu esikhumbeni (petechiae), ikakhulukazi emilenzeni engaphansi, ebangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba
- Ukwehla okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi
- Ukuhlunga noma ukuphuma kwamagundane
- Igazi emzimbeni noma emathunjini
- Abesifazane bangaba nokuphuma kweqile kokuya esikhathini
Abanye abantu abane-ITP abanobuhle bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezingekho.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ITP kwenziwa ngokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Phakathi nomlando nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho uzobheka izibonakaliso zokugaya kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingabangela izinombolo eziphansi zamaplatelets egazini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kufaka inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC), e-ITP ezobonisa inombolo ephansi yamaplatelets, ne-blood smear, lapho isampula yegazi ibukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Ingabe i-ITP Hereditary?
Abacwaningi abazange baphendule imbangela ye-ITP ukuba ibe yifa ngoba lesi sifo asivami ukugijima emindenini.
Ukwelapha
Iningi lezingane ezine-acute uhlobo lwe-ITP lilulame ngokuphelele ku-ITP ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-6 kungekho ukwelashwa. Abantu abadala abane-ITP abanobuhle bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-ITP kugxile ekwandiseni inani lamaplatelet egazini. Kubantu abadala nabantwana abadinga ukwelashwa, i-corticosteroid efana no-Prednisone ivame ukuthathwa amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Omunye umuthi ongasiza ukukhulisa inani lamaplatelet yi-immune globulin.
Kuvame ukunikezwa ngaphakathi (ngokusebenzisa inaliti emthanjeni).
Uma iziguli zingaphenduli emthini, i-spleen ingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni. Ku-ITP, i-spleen icatshangwa ukuthi iyisayithi ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwama-antibody nokubhujiswa kweplatelet. Noma kunjalo, ukususa i-pengu kungenza umuntu abe engozini enkulu yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zezifo.
Abanye abantu abane-ITP abanegazi elikhulu bangathola ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet. Ama-planklet avela ebhange legazi ajojelwa egazini lomuntu ukuze akhulise okwesikhashana inani lamaplatelet emzimbeni.
Umuthi okuthiwa i-Rituxan (rituximab) uvivinywa ngokuhlola njengokwelashwa kwe-ITP engapheli.
Inikelwa futhi nge-intravenously. Eminye imithi eminingi iyalingwa. I-Platelet Disorder Support Association igcina uhlu lwezilingo zomtholampilo ze-ITP eziqhubekayo.
Imithombo:
Ukuhlola ingane ngePurpura. I-American Academy of Family Family. www.aafp.org.
Yini i-Immune Thrombocytopenia? I-National Heart Lung ne-Blood Institute.
I-B-cell Depletion (anti-CD20.I-Platelet Disorder Support Association, www.pdsa.org.