Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi

Uhlolo Lokubheka Ngezingxabano Zegazi

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kuhilela izinkinga egazini lethu noma ematheni. Ngemuva kokubeletha, umongo wethu (indawo enamafutha phakathi kwamathambo ethu) ngumthombo oyinhloko wamaseli amasha wegazi. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ngendlela umongo wethu owenza ngayo amathambo egazi kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungavela kunoma yiziphi izingxenye ezine zegazi lethu:

1. Amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe-alwela ukulwa nezifo.
2. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu-athatha i-oxygen kuya kwezicubu.

1. Amapuleti-okusiza ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
2. I-plasma-ephethe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezibandakanya izici ze-procoagulant (ezisiza ukumisa ukuphuma kwegazi) nezici ze-anticoagulant (ezivimbela ukwakheka kwe-clot).

> Buka umshini namaseli abomvu e-close-up.

Ukuphakama kwe-white cell cell kubalwa ngokuthi i-leukocytosis kanye nokubala okuphansi kuthiwa i-leukopenia. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zamangqamuzana egazi omhlophe, konke okungahle kuthinteke:

1. I-granulocytes (ebizwa nangokuthi i-neutrophils noma i-neutrophils ehlangene)

• Ukuvimbela I-Deep Vein Thrombosis

• Okubalulekile kwe-Platelet Disorders

1. Lymphocytes
2. Ama-monocytes
3. Ama-Eosinophils
4. Basophils

Izimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezivumelane ngaphansi kokuxilongwa okubanzi kwe-disorder yegazi azifani kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lapho odokotela bebhekisela kokuthile njengokungavumelani kwegazi, basho ukuthi akuyona umdlavuza (onesibindi).

Ezinye izifo zegazi zihlala esikhaleni esiphakathi kwesifo esibuhlungu nesifo esibuhlungu (izikhathi ezinomdlavuza) -zinye izikhathi ezibhekwa njengezigameko-futhi zingase zibe umdlavuza. Ngokuvamile i- leukemia ayifakiwe esikhathini esibanzi sezinkinga zegazi njengoba kungumdlavuza wegazi / amathambo omnyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kubonakala kakhulu ngama-hematologists-odokotela abasebenza ngokukhethekile ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni izinkinga egazini lakho kanye / noma ematheni.

Izinhlobo Ezivamile

• I-neutropenia yinani elinciphile lama-neutrophils, uhlobo lwe-white cell cell. I-neutrophils yingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela esilwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngamagciwane. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezihlanganisa i-autoimmune neutropenia, i-Shwachman Diamond Syndrome, ne-neutropenia yama-cyclic.
• I-anemia ibangelwa inani elinciphile lamaseli abomvu wegazi noma i-hemoglobin-iphrotheni ethwala i-oksijeni. I-anemia ingabangela ukutholakala kwensimbi, igciwane lesifo se-sickle cell, noma i-thalassemia.
• I-Polycythemia vera (PV) yisimo lapho umnkantsha wakho owenza khona inani eliningi kakhulu lamaseli abomvu. Lokhu kwanda kungakhulisa ingozi yokubunjwa kwe-clot.
• I-immune thrombocytopenic purpura (i-ITP) yisimo lapho amapleletthi akho ephawulwe khona ngokuthi "angaphandle" ngakho-ke abhujiswa. Lokhu kungaholela ekubalweni okuphansi kakhulu kweplatelet nokuphuma kwegazi.
• I-thrombocytosis ibhekisela kwinani elandisiwe lamaplatelets. Ngenhlanhla, isikhathi esiningi, izibalo zamaplatelet eziphakanyisiwe zibangelwa enye into (i-thrombocytosis esebenzayo) ezoba ngcono uma isimo esibucayi sithuthukisa. Nokho, ngokuqondene nalokho, izimo zegazi zifana ne-thrombocythemia ebalulekile (ET) lapho umnyoba wakho wenza izinombolo eziphakeme kakhulu zamaplatelets okwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-clot yegazi.

• I-Hemophilia yisimo esizuzwe njengefa esiholela ekunciphiseni izilinganiso ze-procoagulant (8, 9, no-11). Lokhu kubangela ukuphuma okulula. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abane-hemophilia babizwa ngokuthi "ama-bleeders mahhala".
• Ama-blood clots (futhi okuthiwa i-thrombosis) angenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni. Ebuchosheni, kuthiwa yi-stroke; enhliziyweni, kuthiwa i-heart attack (noma i-infarction ye-myocardial). I-thrombosis ejulile ye-vein (DVT) ivame ukubhekisela kuma-clots egazi ezandleni noma emilenzeni.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zezinkinga zegazi ziyahlukahluka ngokubanzi njengoba kutholakala. Okunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kubangela izimpawu ezimbalwa, kanti abanye banesibopho sokuningi. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-anemia ingabangela ukukhathala, ukuphefumula, noma ukunyuka kwenhliziyo.
• I-Thrombocytopenia ingabangela ukunyuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi emlonyeni noma ekhaleni.
• I-Hemophilia nayo ingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi kodwa iyaziwa ukuthi ihlose ngqo imisipha namalungu ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu.
• Ama-blood clots ezandleni nasemilenzeni angabangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu.

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola wena nezibonakaliso zakho ukucacisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuxilongwa.

Lokhu kuzoveza umsebenzi odingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ucabanga, isikhathi esiningi umsebenzi wegazi kuyadingeka. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kutholakala emsebenzini womsebenzi we-lab owenzelwe ezinye izizathu ezifana nokuhlola ngokomzimba wonyaka.

Isivivinyo esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwegazi yiyona inani eliphelele legazi (CBC). I-CBC ibheka izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi bese inquma ukuthi enye yegazi yamangqamuzana yanda noma iyancipha noma uma ngaphezulu kwesisodwa segazi isithintekile. Lolu lwazi lungabangela ukuxilongwa noma ukwazisa ukuthi ngabe kudingekile yini ukusebenza okwengeziwe. I-smear yegazi ingabuye ifakwe ne-CBC futhi ivumela udokotela wakho (noma i-pathologist) ukuba abheke amaseli egazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe oluwusizo.

Uma unegazi eliningi, udokotela wakho uzobheka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-coags". "Ama-Coag" ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukuhlolwa okubili okubukeka kwindlela yakho yokusebenza-i-prothrombin time (PT) kanye nesikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT).

• Ukuthi ama-Clots Clots ayatholakala kanjani

• Ukuphehla Ukuthunjwa: Izimpawu, Izimpawu, Nezinkinga

Lezi zivivinyo zinikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nokuthi igazi lakho livale kangakanani. Uma i-PT noma i-PTT inwetshwa isikhathi eside (kubonisa ukuthi cishe ungaziphucula kunezinye abantu), uzoqhubeka nokusebenza. Udokotela wakho angalawula amazinga wezinto ezithile ze-coagulation noma ahlole umsebenzi weplatelet yakho.

Ama-clots egazi ahlukile kancane. Ukuzixilonga, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukubonisa indawo ephathelene nayo. Ezingalo noma emilenzeni, i-ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ama-clots angenzeka. Emaphashini noma ebuchosheni, i-CT (i-computerized tomography) noma i-MRI (i-magnetic imaging resonance imaging) ijwayele ukusetshenziswa.

Ukwelapha

Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ukuxilongwa kwakho okuqondile. Ezinye izifo ezingelapheki zegazi azikho ukwelashwa okuqondile kodwa zingadinga ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sezenzakalo ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-anemia ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwensimbi izophathwa nge-supplementation yensimbi. I-thalassemia enkulu ye-Beta, uhlobo olululwane lwe-anemia, luphathwa ngokumpompela igazi njalo ngenyanga.
• I-Hemophilia ingaphathwa ngemikhiqizo yokuguqula i-coagulation engasetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuphuma kwegazi noma, uma inikezwa njalo, ivimbela ukuphuma kwegazi (prophylaxis).

Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi yini yokwelashwa okungcono kuwe nokuhlolwa kwakho.

Izwi elivela

Ukufunda wena noma othandekayo mhlawumbe unesifo segazi singasabeka. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kucindezeleka kwanda lapho udluliselwa esikhungweni somdlavuza ukuze ubone isazi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi udokotela wakho ucabanga ukuthi unomdlavuza. Abaningi be-hematologists baqeqeshwa futhi nge-oncology (ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa komdlavuza) futhi basebenze emitholampilo nge-oncologists. Ngethemba ukuthi, ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi iziphi izifo zegazi zizokwehlisa ezinye zezikhathazo zakho.

> Umthombo:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cindezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th ed.) USA. I-McGraw-Hill Education.