I-Hypothyroidism ingase ihlakulele ngezizathu eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuhlaselweni okuzenzakalelayo kwe-gland yegciwane (ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis) ukuthatha imithi efana ne-lithium. I-Hypothyroidism ingase ibe uphawu lokuqala lwe-pituitary gland inkinga.
Ukuqonda "kungani" ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-hypothyroidism kubalulekile ukuqhubekela phambili ngenqubo yokwelashwa.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenkathi abanye abantu bengase badinge esikhundleni se-hormone ye-thyroid ehlala isikhathi eside, abanye bangase babe ne-short-life case ye-hypothyroidism (isibonelo, i-postpartum thyroiditis), kudingeka bayeke ukuphuza imithi, noma bafune ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo okufana nokufaneka kwegciwane le-pituitary.
Imbangela evamile
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-hypothyroidism e-United States.
I-Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis yisifo esizimele esithinta igciwane lakho le-thyroid. E-Hashimoto, ama-antibodies enza ngokumelene namaprotheni ekhanda lakho le-thyroid, okwenza ukubhujiswa kancane kancane kweglovu ngokwayo, okwenza ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhiqiza amahomoni wegciwane umzimba wakho udinga.
I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane, futhi ngenkathi kungenzeka noma kunini ubudala, kuvame kakhulu njengoba abantu bekhula. Kwabesifazane, amaHashimoto avame ukukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, emva kokubeletha, noma ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Ezinye Izimbangela
Ngaphandle kwesifo sikaHashimoto, ezinye izimbangela ze-hypothyroidism zihlanganisa:
Ukuhlinzwa
Abantu abane-hyperthyroidism, ama-nodules we-thyroid, noma umdlavuza we-thyroid kungadingeka ukuba uhlinzwe. Uma yonke ingubo yegciwane isuswe ngokuhlinzwa, umuntu uyoba i-hypothyroid futhi adinga imithi yokwelapha i-hormone ye-thyroid yonke impilo yonke.
Uma kuphela ingxenyeni ye-gland yegciwane isusiwe, kunethuba elihle lokuthi lizokwazi nokwenza i-hormone eyanele ye-thyroid.
Umswakama
Esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kwemithi ye-orroid noma imithi ye-antithyroid, abanye abantu abane-hyperthyroidism baphathwa nge-iodine ye-radioactive, eyobhubhisa igciwane le-thyroid, enikeze umuntu hypothyroid. Abantu abathola ukwelashwa kwemisebe yeHodgkin's lymphoma noma umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo nabo bangengozini yokuthuthukisa i-hypothyroidism.
I-Thyroiditis
I-Thyroiditis ichaza ukuvuvukala kwegciwane le-thyroid futhi iyigama elijwayelekile ngezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-thyroid. Isifo sikaHashimoto (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla) yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-thyroiditis futhi lubangelwa ukuhlasela okuzenzakalelayo.
Esinye isibonelo se-thyroiditis sibheka i-thyroiditis (ebizwa ngokuthi i-de Quervain's thyroiditis), okukholelwa ukuthi ibangelwa igciwane. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-thyroiditis, umuntu uhlangabezana ne-hyperthyroidism elandelwa yi-hypothyroidism, ngaphezu kwethenda ye-thyroid ithenda.
Izidakamizwa ezithile
Imithi ethile ingabangela i-hypothyroidism. Le mithi ihlanganisa:
- Lithium
- I-Amiodarone
- I-Thionamides (izidakamizwa ze-antithyroid)
- I-Interferon-alpha
- I-Interleukin-2
- Imithi ethile yomdlavuza (tyrosine kinase inhibitors kanye ne-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies)
Iodine Ukwedlula noma Ukuntuleka
Ama-iodine amaningi kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ezisekelweni zokudla eziqukethe i-kelp) angabangela noma agxilise i-hypothyroidism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwe-iodine, okubonakala kwabanye abantu emazweni angathuthuki kungabangela i-hypothyroidism. Iodine iyadingeka ekukhiqizeni ihomoni ye-thyroid, futhi itholakale ekudleni, njengemikhiqizo yobisi, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, ingulube, inhlanzi, nosawoti e-iodidi.
I-Hypothyroidism ye-congenital
Ezinye izingane zizalwa ngaphandle kwegciwane lesifo noma nge-gland ye-partial kuphela. Njengoba kungekho gland ye-thyroid (noma okwanele) ukukhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid, i-hypothyroidism iqala, okuyinto engathà sina futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngephiloni ye-hormone yegciwane.
I-Pituitary Gland Inkinga
I-pituitary gland itholakala ebuchosheni futhi igqugquzela ezinye izilonda ngaphakathi komzimba, njenge-gland gland, ukukhulula i-hormone. Uma i-pituitary gland ibonakaliswe yisifo sobuchopho, imisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, kungase kungasebenzi kahle ngokwanele ukuze kubonakaliswe ingubo yegciwane. Lokhu kungaholela ekutholeni kwengqondo engasebenzi. Lolu hlobo lwe-hypothyroidism lubizwa ngokuthi i-central or secondary hypothyroidism.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Ngokuvamile, izifo ezithile, njenge-hemochromatosis, zingafaka izinto ezingavamile (iron, esimweni se-hemochromatosis) emthonjeni wakho we-pituitary, okwenza i-hypothyroidism ephakathi, noma okungajwayelekile, isifo sakho se-thyroid, esibangela i-hypothyroidism eyinhloko.
Ngaphandle kwe-hemochromatosis, i-sarcoidosis ingabangela ukufakwa kwe-granuloma emgodini wegciwane. Kukhona nesimo esingavamile okuthiwa i-fibrous thyroiditis (noma i-Riedel's thyroiditis), lapho izicubu ze-fibrotic zithatha izicubu ezivamile ze-thyroid.
I-Genetics
I-DNA yakho inendima uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni i-autoimmune hypothyroidism, futhi lokhu kuye kwasekelwa izifundo eziningi.
Ngokwesibonelo, isifundo esisodwa saseJalimane sithole ingozi engama-32 eyanda kakhulu yokuthuthukisa i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis ezinganeni kanye nenhlekelele engama-21 eyanda kakhulu kubantwana bakini abane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Lapho sibheka izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene noHashimoto, ososayensi bathole ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-leukocyte antigen (HLA), i-T-cell receptors, namanye ama-molecule ahilelekile esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela.
Ukuqhubeka nokusekela indima yezakhi zofuzo ekuthuthukiseni i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, i-genetic syndromes, i-Turner syndrome ne-Down syndrome, inezinga eliphakeme kunalindelekile lesifo se-thyroid, ikakhulukazi i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Bonke bathi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izakhi zakho zofuzo ziyisici esisodwa esisiza ukubikezela ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-hypothyroidism. Kunezinye izici eziningi (ezemvelo) ezitholayo, njengokukhulelwa noma ukuthatha imithi ethile.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-trigger yemvelo ebikezela ingozi ehlukile yomuntu yokuthuthukisa i-hypothyroidism.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zengozi
Izinto ezandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuthuthukisa i-hypothyroidism zihlanganisa:
- Ukuba owesifazane
- Ukuba ngumdala
- Ukuba i-Caucasian noma i-Asia
- Ukuba nemlando yomndeni kaHashimoto's thyroiditis noma esinye isifo esizimele
- Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu wesifo esizimele (isibonelo, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-adrenal, i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1)
- Ukukhulelwa noma i-postpartum
- Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-iodine noma okuningi kakhulu
- Kuthathwa nge-iodine esebenzayo
- Imisebe etholakele entanyeni noma esifubeni esingaphezulu
- Ngaphansi kokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid
- Kuthathwa ngemithi ethile (isibonelo, i-lithium ye-bipolar disorder)
Ukuguqula Izinto Zingozi
Ngokuthakazelisayo, r esearch iphakamisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-selenium kungaxhunyaniswa nokuthuthukisa uHashimoto's thyroiditis ne-hypothyroidism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwezinkinga ezibangelwa ikhanda, njenge-migraines, kutholakale ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe ye-hypothyroidism, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhuluphele.
Akukacaci ukuthi ukubhema kuthinta kanjani igciwane le-thyroid, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi liyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi kukhulisa ingozi ye-hypothyroidism kubantu abane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukubhema kuhloswe kuhlotshaniswa nokusabalalisa okuncane kwe-hypothyroidism kanye nokukhula okuphezulu kwe-hyperthyroidism.
> Imithombo:
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> Lisotto C, Mainardi F, Maggioni F, Zanchin G. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwe-migraine ne-hypothyroidism. I-J Headache Pain. 2013; 14 (I-Suppl 1): P138.
> Martin AT et al. Ukukhathazeka kwekhanda kungase kube yinto engozini yokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-hypothyroidism. Izinwele. 2017 Jan; 57 (1): 21-30.
> Lelo A, Moroni L, Caliari L, Invernizzi P. Ukuzivocavoca kanye ne-Turner's syndrome. Yenza umhlaka 2 012 ngoMeyi; 11 (6-7): A538-43.
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