Ngenkathi isifo esingajwayelekile, isikhathi sesikhathi esidala sisalokhu sibulalayo njenganini ngaphambili
Impela umqondo wezinhlupho ze- bubonic yiyona into esizihlanganisa neNkathi Yobumnyama ngenkathi amashumi ezinkulungwane ebulawa ngemuva kokuthi "i-Black Death" ewela e-Asia, e-Afrika naseYurophu ngekhulu le-14. Njengesibhokisisi nesifo sofuba, iningi lethu lacabanga ukuthi lesi sifo sasiyinto eyinhloko yezincwadi zomlando, ifolda yemidrama yokugqoka.
Akunjalo, kusho ochwepheshe bokulawula isifo, abaqale ukuqala ukuvela kwesifo eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1994 eNdiya, okwabulala abantu abangu-56 futhi yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-600. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sifo siye sabonakala kahle eDemocratic Republic of Congo (abafa abangu-65 ngo-2005), eMadagascar (abafa abangu-69 ngo-2014 Okunye okungu-57 ngo-2017), ngisho nezingxenye ze-US (ukufa kwabantu abane kanye nezifo ezingu-16 ngo-2015).
Ngasekupheleni kukaJuni 2017, abantu ababili baseNew Mexico base bethola ukuthi banezinhlupho, bangezelele ku-600-plus infections okulindelwe emhlabeni jikelele ekupheleni konyaka.
Ukuthutha
Isifo se-Bubonic yisifo esingaba sengozi esibangelwa amagciwane aseYersinia pestis . Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngukulunywa kwesilwane esinegciwane lesifo (i- Xenopsylla cheopis ) esenza ikhaya layo ngamagundane amancane afana namagundane, amagundane endle, kanye namagreyrels. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya ayinabungozi emafreyini, inemoto ephelele okufanele yenziwe ngokuqondile ezilwaneni kuya kubantu .
Ngaphandle kwamagundane amancane afana ne-chipmunks nezinja ze-prairie, i- Yersinia pestis itholakale ezincelweni ezincelisayo ezinjengezinogwaja, i-opossum, i-coyotes zasendle, ngisho nezinja ezifuywayo kanye nekati ezihlangene namagundane.
Izimpawu
Lapho umuntu esenwe yi- Y. pestis , ama-bacteria ahamba ngesistimu ye-lymphatic futhi aphelela kuma-lymph nodes lapho kubangela ukukhulisa okubuhlungu, okubilisa okubizwa nge-buboes. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-7 zokuchayeka futhi kungahambisane nalokhu:
- Ama-Chills
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Ubuhlungu
- I-constriction yokuphuza
- Ama-cramp muscle
- Ukuvuthwa kwegazi
- I-gangrene yezinzwane, iminwe, izindebe, nekhala
- Ukuvula ama-buboes avuvukile
- Ukuzizwa
Ngaphandle kokwelapha, isifo se-bubonic sizoholela ekufeni ngamaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwamaphesenti angama-90, ngokuvamile kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10.
Amanye Amafomu Okuhlukunyezwa
Umzila wezifo ungahluka kubantu abathintekile nguY. pestis. Esikhundleni sokuhamba ngokuluma kwezinambuzane kuma-lymph nodes, amabhaktheriya angangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela futhi enze isimiso esihlukile sezimpawu. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingavamile zesifo
- Isifo se-pneumonic senziwa lapho amabhaktheriya esakazeka emaphashini, ngokuvamile uma umuntu ogulayo ekhwehlela noma ehlabezela kwenye. Nakuba kungavamile, kubhekwa njengendlela eyingozi kakhulu yesifo, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-pneumonia, ubuhlungu besifuba, nokuhlushwa kwamanzi noma amanzi, uma ishiywe ingalashwa, isifo se-pneumonic singabangela ukuhluleka kokuphefumula nokufa, ngokuvamile kungakapheli amahora angu-36.
- Isifo se-Septicemic senzeke lapho amabhaktheriya ethola indlela yawo ngqo emgodleni wegazi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuqhekeka noma ukuhlushwa esikhumbeni. Kuyindlela ehlukumezayo yesifo futhi ngokusobala inonya kakhulu. Izimpawu zifana nezesifo se-bubonic kodwa zingabandakanya ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ukufa kungenakugwemeka uma ukwelashwa kungakhululwa zingakapheli amahora angu-24.
Ukuxilongwa Nokunakekelwa
Isifo se-Bubonic sitholwa ngokuqhuba amasiko amarebhu ku-sputum, igazi, u-spinal fluid, noma i-lymph nodes. Ezingxenyeni zezwe lapho lesi sifo sibonakala khona, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-dipstick ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhomba ama-antigen angakapheli imizuzu engu-15.
Ngenxa yesifo esiwumtholampilo wesifo, odokotela bavame ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokweqile ngenkathi balindele imiphumela yebhu. Okufanelekile, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe emahoreni angu-24, ngokuvamile ngesimo sama-antibiotic anjenge-streptomycin, i-doxycycline, noma i-tetracycline. Uma uphathwe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, amazinga okusinda angaba ngamaphesenti angu-85 kuya phezulu njengamaphesenti angu-99.
Ukuvimbela
Isihluthulelo sokuvimbela isifo se-bubonic ukugwema amantongomane noma yisiphi isilwane esingasendle esingathwala izinhlanzi. Kudinga ukuthi uvikele impahla yakho ezintweni eziheha izilwane, njengeziqukathi zokulahla ezivulekile noma izivande ezingavunyelwe.
Ukwengeza, uma uhlala endaweni lapho izikhukhula ezivuthayo zivamile:
- Sebenzisa i-spray sprayent sprayent uma ngaphandle bese ugqoka amabhulukwe namabhodlela amade.
- Ungalokothi uphathe izilwane ezigulayo noma ezifile. Uma kufanele, ugqoke amagilavu anzima.
- Gcina izilwane zakho ezifuywayo endlini noma uzinikeze ama-collars anezikhuni.
- Khipha fleas ekhaya lakho.
Uma uhambela izingxenye zomhlaba lapho kuqhuma khona izivunguvungu (Madagascar, Peru, iDemocratic Republic of Congo), hlola iziphakamiso zokuhamba ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi ulethe inqwaba yezinambuzane ezinama-80% we-DEET. Okwamanje akakho umgomo wokuvimbela isifo se-bubonic.
Lesi sifo singesinye sezifo eziningana ezithathelwanayo ezazibulala emhlabeni wonke kodwa manje zingaphathwa. Nakuba kungavamile, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokhu noma ezinye izifo ezithwala izifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-typhus, i-tapeworm, noma isifo seLyme .
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Inhlupho: Izinsiza Zomtholampilo." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Okthoba 15, 2015.
> I- New York Times. "Inhlupho iyatholakala eNew Mexico." Juni 27, 2017.
> Sebbane, F .; Jarrett, C .; Isigadi, uD .; et al. "Indima ye- Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-septicemic kanye ne-bubonic yezifo ezithwalwa yizikhukhula." I-PNAS. 2006; 103 (14); 5526-5530.