Isikhumba isifo esithathelwanayo nesifo esibangelwa yi-variola virus. Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane, ziqhubekela phambili ekuqhekekeni kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva eziphenduka izilonda ezijulile ezigcwalisa ngamanzi. Lezi zithunguluzi zinyuka, zikhuphuke futhi zifake isikhumba, ekugcineni ziwa bese ziyeka izibazi. Akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa kwe-ingulube, kodwa ngokubonga, kwaqedwa ngo-1980, okusho ukuthi akusekho ngokwemvelo kwenzeka noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Ngenkathi ukugoma ngokumelene nesibunguli sikhuhlane kuyasebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni isifo, kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi eyaziwayo evela emiphumeleni emnene njengokukhathazeka kanye nomkhuhlane omncane emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu njengokwesifo enhliziyweni yakho noma ebuchosheni. Lemiphumela emibi engase ibe yinkimbinkimbi yikho kungani umphakathi jikelele ungagciniwe njalo. Uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma kwesibungu noma ukushayisana kwesibungu kufanele kwenzeke, amaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) anemithi yokugoma eyanele etholakalayo ukuze inoculate wonke umuntu e-United States.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Ngenxa yokuthi inesifo esithathelwanayo, isibhokisi singadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ubuso nobuso nabantu abathintekayo. Kungasakazwa emoyeni nangokuxhumana nogqoke izingubo noma ukulala. Uma umuntu esenwe igciwane lesibhukela, kunenkathi yokufakelwa isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ukuya kwezingu-19 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukuthuthukisa.
Ngenkathi isakazeka kalula kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, izimpawu zokuqala zifana nokukhuhlane futhi zingabandakanya:
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu
- Ukukhathala
- Izinwele
- I-Backache
- Ukuvota
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, izilonda ezibomvu, ezibomvu noma izindawo zizoqala ukuvela ebusweni bakho, izandla, nezingalo, futhi ekugcineni ku-trunk yomzimba wakho. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izilonda eziningi zizoqala ukuphenduka amabhanti amancane agcwele uketshezi.
Uketshezi luzobe luba yi-pus. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilonda zizoqhafaza futhi ziweke ukushiya izibazi ezinzulu.
Izinkinga
Uma ukhulelwe noma unesisindo somzimba sokuzivikela, ukuthola i-ingulube kungaba yingozi nakakhulu futhi ingaba yingozi. Esikhathini esedlule, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithathu ababenesifo sikashukela safa. Ukuthola isifo sezinambuzane kwashiya abantu abaningi abanezibazi ezinomphela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulahlekelwa amandla okulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa izicubu zomzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi izilonda zivame ukwakha futhi zizungeze amehlo, izifo zeso kanye nezinye izinkinga zamehlo zingase zenzeke. Ngokuvamile, abantu bangakwazi ukuhamba bephuphuthekile.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Akekho oye waba nesibhokotshi e-United States kusukela ngo-1949, futhi akekho owezwe owake waba nayo kusukela ngo-1978, ngakho-ke uma abantu befuna ukuyivumelanisa manje, kungaba ngenxa yokusebenzisa igciwane le-variola njengesikhali sezinto eziphilayo noma kusukela ekuchasheni igciwane emvelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, eSiberia, eRussia, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangela izindawo eziningi ezazingcwatshwa ngaphambili, zingase ziveze amathuna nezidumbu eziqukethe i-variola virus.
Kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi unesifo se-ingulube kuze kube yilapho sekufakwe ama-rash futhi uqala ukuthuthukisa izilonda ezigcwele amanzi okusuka lapho izimpawu zokuqala zifana nalokho okhuhlane.
Uma uhlakulela ukushayeka okusolayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi kuyini, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho. Uma udokotela wakho esola isikhukhumba, uzobe usuhlukanisiwe futhi udokotela wakho uzosebenza ne-CDC ukuze ahlolisise futhi aphathe. Lokhu kuzophinde kubonakalise isimo esiphuthumayo sempilo yomphakathi lapho i-CDC isilungele ukwenza isimiso sokubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa noma isongo se-bioterrorism.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Isikhonkwane: Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 7, 2016.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Isikhumba: Bioterrorism: The Threat. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe i-Disemba 19, 2016.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Isikhumba. Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-July 26, 2017.
> I-World Health Organization (WHO). Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nezimpendulo kwi-Smallpox. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 28, 2016.