Unyaka ngamunye imishanguzo yegciwane iphakanyiswa ukusivikela emkhuhlane. I-United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha agonywe ngomkhuhlane ngonyaka. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi kwakukhona umgomo owodwa kuphela wokugoma-umkhuhlane wendabuko owawufaka imithi emithathu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Kodwa-ke, kukhona izinketho eziningi zokuzivikela emkhuhlane. Funda ngezinketho ezahlukene zokugoma komkhuhlane bese uthola ukuthi ubani ongakufanele wena nomndeni wakho.
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I-Trivalent Flu ShotUkhuhlane oludubula njengoba sesikuqaphele amashumi eminyaka ngumuthi wokugoma wendabuko otshalwa amaqanda ezinkukhu. Yakhiwa yizinhlobo ezintathu zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane A kanye nomunye umkhuhlane we-F) abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe bangabangela ukugula phakathi nenkathi elandelayo yomkhuhlane.
Kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ukukhiqiza umuthi wokugoma, okusho ukuthi izinkinga ezibandakanya kufanele zikhethwe ekupheleni kwenkathi yangaphambi komkhuhlane.
Iphathwa njengomjovo we-intramuscular (IM) engalweni noma ethangeni. Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ezingakaze zithole umgomo wokugoma ngaphambi kokudinga amazinga amabili ngaphandle kwamasonto amane. Umthamo wokuqala wokugoma komkhuhlane usebenza njengendlela yokuzivocavoca, ngakho-ke isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba siyazi ukuthi siyibheke. I-booster (yesibili) umthamo uvumela isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba ukuba senze amasosha omzimba okuzosiza ekulwa nomkhuhlane ngaphandle kokwenza ingane igule uma ivuliwe.
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Ukudubula kwe-Flu QuadrivalentUmgomo wokuphefumula we-quadrivalent ulawulwa ngendlela efanayo nokuthi umgomo wokugoma wesifo somkhuhlane ovamile. Umehluko wukuthi umgomo wokuphefumula uqukethe izinhlobo ezine zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane A kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane B), okwenza kube nokuvikeleka kangcono ngokubhebhetheka komkhuhlane.
Ngenxa yokuthi asazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezizokwenza abantu bagule njalo ngonyaka, kufaka phakathi izinkinga ezengeziwe zegciwane emgodini ukwandisa amathuba okuba umthamo ovelele uzofakwa emtholampilo.
Njengomuthi wokugoma we-fluval, i-quadrivalent shot inikezwa njengomjovo we-IM. Yonke imishanguzo yegciwane ithatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuhlinzeka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi iphumelele.
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I-Intradermal Flu ShotI-intradermal flu shot ihluke kakhulu eminye imishanguzo yegciwane ngoba ijojowe esikhumbeni kunokuba imisipha. Isebenzisa inaliti encane kangcono kunomkhuhlane wendabuko ngoba udinga ukungena emathanjeni ambalwa esikhumba kunokuba ungene emisipha.
Lolu hlobo lomgomo wokugoma luvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka engama-18 no-64. Abantu abathola lo mgomo babika ubuhlungu obuncane kunokuba bendabuko bemfucumfucu kodwa bangase babhekane neminye imiphumela emibi njengokubamba, ukubomvu nokuvuvukala emjoqeni isayithi.
Umuthi wokugoma we-Fluzone intradermal uquadrivalent, ngakho uqukethe izinhlobo ezine zomkhuhlane.
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I-High Dose Vaccine VaccineKukhona imithi emibili ephezulu ephezulu yemfuluwenza ephezulu ekhona kubantu abadala asebekhulile ukudala impendulo ekhuthaziwe kumgogodla wegciwane. Enye imithi yokugoma i-trivalent ephakeme kakhulu kanti enye ingumkhuhlane we-trivalent owenziwe nge-adjuvant. I-adjuvant iyisithako esiza umzimba ukuthi udale ukuphendula komzimba ngegciwane.
Zombili lezi mishanguzo ziyizinyanga ezintathu, okusho ukuthi zinezinhlobo ezintathu zomkhuhlane. Zombili zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu.
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Umgomo Wokuvikela I-Fluid FreeImithi eminingi yokugoma komkhuhlane iqukethe isithako okuthiwa i-thimerosal njengesivikelo sokuvimbela ukungcoliswa ngoba izilinganiso eziningi zokugoma zikhishwa.
Nakuba kungekho ingozi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-thimerosal emigodini, kunezinketho zemigomo yemfuluwenza engenalo isithako . Imishanguzo ye-dose yomkhuhlane ongabodwa ayiqukethe ama-thimerosal futhi "ayilondolozi mahhala."
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I-Intranasal Flu Vaccine (i-FluMist)Kuze kube yonyaka wezi-2016 kuya ku-2017 umkhuhlane, ukugoma komkhuhlane we- intranasal okuthiwa i-FluMist yayiyikhethelo ethandwayo phakathi kwemigomo yemfuluwenza yezingane. Ilawulwa njenge-spray yangasese-i-squirt esheshayo ku-nostril ngayinye futhi usuqedile.
Umuthi wokugoma we-FluMist usebenzise igciwane lesandulela ngculazi eliphilayo. Yavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala ezingenayo i-asthma noma umlando we-wheezing. Ingasetshenziswa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kuze kube yiminyaka engu-49.
Ngo-2016, iKomidi Elilulekayo Lokuzivocavoca (ACIP) lancoma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma wamagciwane angasetshenzisiwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokusebenza kwawo. Izincomo zingashintsha esikhathini esizayo, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, i-FluMist ayinconywa ukuba isetshenziswe njengomgomo wokugoma wonyaka.
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I-Jet Injected Flu VaccineIjethi ejojelwe umuthi wokugoma iphethwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inaliti nhlobo. Isetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi encane yezokwelapha "esebenzisa umfudlana ophezulu wokucindezela, omncane we-fluid ukungena esikhunjeni esikhundleni senaliti ye-hypodermic," nge-CDC.
Le mithi yokugoma iyinhlanhla emithathu ye-influenza-futhi ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka engu-18 no-64.
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I-Egg Free Flu VaccinesUkuphela kwezinsuku abantu abanezinyosi zeqanda kufanele bagweme imishanguzo yemfuluwenza. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu onomdlavuza weqanda angakwazi ukugonywa nomuthi wokugoma wendabuko. Amathuba okubhekana nesifo sokugoma komkhuhlane awukho ngaphezulu kwabantu abane-allergies yamaqanda kunabo abantu abangenayo iqanda lokungabi namagciwane.
Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngobukhulu bokungalingani kwakho noma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubhekana nokugula, kunezinketho zokugoma komkhuhlane ongazalwanga kumaqanda nhlobo futhi aziqukethe amaprotheni amaqanda.
Kukhona imishanguzo ye-flux recombinant kokubili ejwayelekile futhi ejwayelekile. Le migomo yenziwa ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye imishanguzo yemfuluwenza. Ziyakwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha kunomgomo wendabuko wezinkathi zonyaka, okwenza kube yindlela enhle uma kwenzeka umkhuhlane wezifo. Ngenxa yokuthi ayihlwanyelwe emaqanda, azibeka engozini kulabo abanezinyosi zamaqanda. Imishanguzo ye-Flublok ne-quadrivalent yamagciwane igunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu.
Omunye umuthi wokugoma okhuphuka ngamaqanda ungumuthi wokugoma owu-quadrivalent osebenzisa igciwane elikhulile esitokisini. Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abaneminyaka engu-4 nangaphezulu.
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On The Horizon: I-Vaccine Patch PatchNakuba kungatholakali emphakathini okwamanje, ukuvivinywa kwemitholampilo kuye kwathembisa umgudu wokugoma umkhuhlane . Lo mgomo wokugoma ophethwe yi-self-administered ubeka phezu kwengalo efana nesitika futhi ususe imizuzu kamuva. Iqukethe amakhulu ezinaliti ezincane ezichitha phansi kwesicelo.
Umgomo akudingeki ukuba ube yisiqandisini noma ulawulwe yilabo abaqeqeshiwe bezokwelapha njengemigomo yamanje kagesi. Ikhono lokugoma ekhaya nalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe luzajabulisa abahlinzeki bezempilo, izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nabacwaningi ngokufanayo.
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Imisebenzi Yesikhathi Esizayo: Ukugonywa Kwemfudu Yomhlaba WonkeAmanani omgomo wamanje omkhuhlane aphansi kakhulu naphezu kokuba abahlinzeki bezempilo kanye nezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi ezweni lonke nasemhlabeni wonke batusa. Iqiniso lokuthi kufanele sigonwe njalo ngonyaka futhi ukuthi imishanguzo inezinga eliguquguqukayo lokusebenza kahle lidlala indima enkulu kulawo mazinga aphansi.
Abantu ngokuqondakalayo abafuni ukuthatha isikhathi sokuthola umgomo ongasebenza noma ongasebenzi. Kumelwe senze ukuqagela okufundiswa minyaka yonke ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhuhlane ezingenza abantu bagule ngenkathi elandelayo yomkhuhlane. Ngezinye izikhathi siyithola kahle futhi ngezinye izikhathi asikwazi.
Kunezifundo eziningi okwamanje eziqhubekayo ezingashintsha ikusasa lemishanguzo yemfuluwenza yethu sonke. Amaqembu amaningi ososayensi abheka indlela yokuthuthukisa imishanguzo yefrifu ukuze iphumelele kangcono futhi akudingeki unikezwe unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokuthi izobhekela ingxenye yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi elingashintshi. Nakuba lokhu kungenakwenzeka okwamanje, kungahle kutholakale esikhathini esizayo esikude kakhulu.
Izwi elivela
Nakuba kunezinketho eziningi, akuzona zonke ezilungile kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngamunye unemibandela ethize eyenza wena, ingane yakho, noma ilungu lomndeni elifanelekile. Uma unesithakazelo kukhokhelo oluthize lokugoma, xoxa ngalo nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuqhubekela Esigodini Sokuvikela Imfudu Yonke ... | I-NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Komzimba Nezifo Ezibangelwa Izifo. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/universal-flu-vaccine.
> CDC. Umkhuhlane we-Flu kanye nabantu abane-Allergies Egg. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/egg-allergies.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-September 2, 2016.
> CDC. Imininingwane Eyisisekelo Ngomuthi Wokugoma Umkhuhlane Wonyaka. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 30, 2017.
> Imishanguzo yegciwane - i-United States, i-influenza 2017-18 * | Isikhuhlane Sonyaka (Umkhuhlane) | I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/vaccines.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 17, 2017.