AmaNdiya aseMelika aneHlu Lokulahlekelwa
Nakuba kuncane, umphakathi womphakathi waseNative American ungenayo izinhlangano, izincwadi, nomlando kanye nezimfanelo zamasiko eziyingqayizivele.
Ulimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika
Ulimi lwezandla lwamaMelika lwaseMelika aluyona i-offshoot yeSignon yaseMelika. Esikhundleni salokho, lolu limi lwezandla lwasungulwa yizizwe ezisemaphandleni amakhulu ukuze zikhulumisane ezindaweni ezikude.
Ihluke ngokuphawulekayo kusuka e-ASL ejwayelekile, isebenzisa izenzo eziningi eziningi ezenziwe ngesandla esisodwa nokuzibonakalisa okumbalwa okubonakalayo.
Amaqembu Namabhizinisi aseMelika aseMantwini
Indabastones.com yezintatheli zezingane eziMdabu zaseMelika
Akukho okunye okushiwo abantwana abayizithulu kunokuba nomngane okwazi ukukhuluma ulimi lwabo. Abantwana abayizithulu "bakhuluma" ngezandla zabo futhi "bezwa" ngamehlo abo. Izingane zithanda isenzo nokuzijabulisa futhi ziyakuthanda ulimi lwezandla futhi "ukuxhumana kwangasese."
Uhlu Lokufunda LwaseNtshonalanga waseMelika waseNative
Uhlu olwenziwe yi-University of Arkansas Research Rehabilitation Research and Training Centre kubantu abayizithulu noma abanzima bokuzwa
Umbuthano Ongcwele, owawuthiwa yi-Intertribal Deaf Council, umphakathi wezithameli zaseMelika zasezithulu ezikhuluma nge-intanethi nge-Facebook futhi zibambe ukuhlangana. Umsebenzi wabo uwukuthi: "ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo, ulwazi nokudluliselwa, nokuqeqesha ngamaNdiya aseMelika, ama-Alaska aseMelika namaNdiya okuQala amazwe angabantu abayizithulu, abayizithulu-abayizimpumputhe, abanamahloni okuzwa nokuphumula-bezwa ezindlini zemikhandlu, amalungu omndeni namanye amaqembu anomdla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlalisana, ezemfundo, ezemfundo, ezempilo nezenhlalakahle ezingokomoya zalaba bantu. "
Izihloko namaBhuku kumazwe angamazwe angamazwe aseMelika
Kube khona ezinye izihloko ezishicilelwe emphakathini wezithulu waseMelika waseNative. Amaningana alawa abhalwe ohlwini lweWebhu ye-National Multicultural Interpreter Project, ehlinzeka ngama-PDF angalandwa ekuqwashweni kwamasiko nokuzwela kwekharityhulam. Uhlu olunfushane luyatholakala kusuka ku-Info kuya kuNgxenye njengengxenye yokushicilelwa okufundwayo kanye nezinsiza kwizinkinga ze-Mulitecultural and Students of Deaf.
Izincwadi ezimbalwa kuhlanganise nezithameli zaseMelika zasezithulu zishicilelwe:
- Ngena emjikelezweni: I-Heartbeat yase-American Indian, i-Alaska Native, kanye nemiphakathi eyizizwe eziPhuphukile , okuyizincwadi ezingabhaliwe ngabantu baseMelika abangezithulu abashicilelwe yi-Ago Publications enezithombe, ubuciko, izinkondlo, i-biographies, ne-autobiographies.
- The Silent: Ukuzizwa kwe-heroine ekhubazekile
Umlando nezithulu zaseMelika zaseMelika
Indlebe yaseMelika yaseNative, i-Black Coyote, yayingenye yezisulu zokuqala, uma zingekho zokuqala, ezihlaselwa yi-Wounded Knee. Ngokusho kwe-website ethi First Peoples 'Voices:
Abomdabu baziswa [ngamalungu e-US Cavalry] ukuthi babezohlwithwa. Abomdabu bafaka izibhamu phakathi nendawo, kodwa amasosha ayengenelisekile. Amasosha ahamba ematendeni amaNative, ephethe izinqwaba futhi ewavula, ephonsa imivimbo, ama-axis, kanye nezitende emgqonyeni. Bese beyala ukuthi kudingeke ukuba bahlolwe. Abantu baseMelika bavutha kakhulu.
Ukusesha kwakuthola izibhamu ezimbili nje kuphela, enye entsha entsha, efana nensizwa okuthiwa i-Black Coyote. Wavusa phezu kwekhanda lakhe wamemeza ukuthi usebenzise imali eningi kulo mqhubi nokuthi yayiyakhe. U-Coyote omnyama wayengumuntu oyisithulu ngakho-ke akazange aphendule ngokushesha izidingo zamasosha. Kungenzeka ukuthi wayeqiniseka ukuyibeka phansi yizizwe zabantu, kodwa lokho kwakungenakwenzeka ngoba amasosha ashesha ngokushesha athatha intsha futhi amshaya. Kwabe sekuzwakala ukudubula; Umthombo wayo awusobala kodwa waqala ukubulala.
> Imithombo:
> Clark, W. (1885). Ulimi LwaseMelika. I-Philadelphia: LR Hamersly & Co.
> Fronval, George & Daniel Dubois. (1985). Izimpawu ZamaNdiya nolimi lwezandla . I-New York: Amabhuku we-Bonanza.