Uma umdlavuza wakho "uhlelwe," udokotela wakho uzama ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba umdlavuza wakho ngokusekelwe ekutheni uthuthuke kangakanani. Lokhu kuvame ukwenza ngemuva kokuba uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wesifo sofuba ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA noma olunye uhlolo.
Isigaba somdlavuza wakho ungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukubikezelwa kwakho jikelele nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ngokuyinhloko, isiteji sakho esingaphansi, umdlavuza wakho kancane kancane uye waphumelela futhi kungcono ukubikezela.
Cishe zonke iziguli zomdlavuza we-prostate zinezinga elithile lokugxila futhi kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo ukuthi lokhu kufeziwe kanjani.
Imibuzo yokuqala kanye nezivivinyo
Isinyathelo sokuqala esimisweni senziwa uma udokotela wakho ehlola ukuhlolwa kwe- digital rectal (DRE). Cishe bonke abantu bazoba okungenani le nqanaba lesiteji. Ngokuvamile, udokotela angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi ubuhlungu bukhulu kangakanani nokuthi ngabe i-tumor ikhona kunye noma kokubili ama-half (noma lobes) we-prostate.
Izimpendulo ozinika imibuzo evela kudokotela wakho mayelana nezibonakaliso , ezifana nobuhlungu be-bone (okungase kusikisele ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze emathanjeni), kungase kusho ukuthi isiteleka esiphakeme somdlavuza sikhona.
Ukuhlolwa kwezilingo
- I-Bone scan
Umdlavuza we-prostate, uma usakazeka kude ne-prostate, uvame ukungena emathanjeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, enye yezinto ezivame ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ezisetshenziselwa ukugaya umdlavuza wesifo sofuba yisisindo se-bone (ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-radionuclide bone scan").
Ukuqhuba ukukhipha ithambo , kuzodingeka ube nenani elincane le-liquidactive injected into vein. Lezi zinto zizosabalalisa kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa zizohamba ezikhundleni ezitheni lapho umdlavuza ukhona khona.
Amahora ambalwa emva kokufakwa kwento, uzolala etafuleni ngenkathi kusetshenziswe ikhamera ekhethekile engakwazi ukubona ukuthi indaba yomsakazo iqoqwe kuphi. Izindawo zomzimba wakho ezinomshini omsakazo kakhulu "zizokhanya" ekhamera.
Ngeshwa, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-arthritis nazo zingabangela umonakalo amathambo futhi "zizokhanya" ekutheni zithwetshiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma unezindawo ezithinta udokotela wakho endaweni, ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kulezi zindawo ukucacisa ngokugcwele ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona noma cha.
- I-Computed Tomography Scan (Scan ye-CT noma i- "CAT" Scan)
I-scan ye-CT isebenzisa ama-x-ray ukuze wenze isithombe esicacile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komzimba wakho. Ngesikhathi ulele etafuleni, itafula lizogxila ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendandatho enkulu eyenza futhi ithole ama-x-ray. Ama-x-ray amaningi athathwe isikhathi esifushane bese ehlanganiswa besebenzisa isofthiwe yekhompyutha ukwenza isethi "yamathambo" abonisa izakhiwo emzimbeni wakho. Kungenzeka noma akudingeki ukuba ube ne-injected liquid injected intravenously (IV, emgodini) ukuze ufeze isithombe esingcono.
Izikrini ze-CT ziwusizo ekutholeni izicubu ezinkulu, ezikhululekile ku-prostate noma kwenye indawo. Ngokuvamile ziwusizo kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi inani elikhulu lomdlavuza wakho liye lasakazekela kwezinye izitho noma kumakhansela amancane eduze kwesicathulo. Akunakuhle ngokuqoqa ama-clumps amancane amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba.
- I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Skena
Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI akusebenzi ama-x-ray afana nokuhlola kwe-CT. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenzisa amagagasi omsakazo ukuveza isithombe esicacile kakhulu somzimba. Izithombe ezidalwe yi-MRI scan "ziyizicucu" zomzimba ezingabuye zihlanganiswe zibe imodeli ye-3D. Uzodinga ukuqamba amanga etafuleni lapho ama-slide abe yi-tube enkulu yalesi sivivinyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside kunama-CT ucingo ukuqedela futhi uzokwaziswa ukuba ulale kakhulu kakhulu kulo lonke ukuhlolwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, njenge-CT scan, indaba ehlukile yokwahlukanisa iyadingeka ukuze udale isithombe esingcono.
Izikrini ze-MRI zikwazi ukunikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezicubu ezithambile ezinjenge-lymph nodes, i-prostate, nezinye izakhiwo eziseduze njenge-vesicles nesisu.
- I-ProstaScint Scan
Ukuskena kwe-ProstaScint kuyinto yentuthuko entsha esebenzisa inqubo efana ne-scan scan. Inani elincane lezinto ezisakazwa ngama-radioactive lijojelwe emvini wakho. Lezi zinto, zenzelwe ukulandelela ezindaweni ezingaphakathi komzimba lapho amasosha omdlavuza wesifo sofuba asakazeka khona. Ikhamera ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukwakha isithombe somzimba wakho ngamasayithi amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu kuyasiza ngokukhethekile uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi izicubu ezithambile (hhayi amathambo) kuwo wonke umzimba ziye zahlaselwa ngamaseli omdlavuza wesibeletho.
Izivivinyo ezimangalisa
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokucabangela kokucabanga akukwanele ukunikeza isiteleka esifanele somdlavuza wakho. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuningi okungavamile.
- I-Lymph Node Biopsy Phakathi Nokuhlinzwa
Lapho i-prostatectomy eqinile (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza-ukususa ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba) kwenziwa, udokotela ohlinzayo uyakwazi ukususa i-lymph nodes eseduze ne-prostate. Lezi zinhlanzi zamantombazane zikhona ezinye izindawo zokuqala ezingakwazi ukusabalalisa umdlavuza.
Uma udokotela ohlinzayo esolisa kakhulu ukuthi umdlavuza wakho kungenzeka usakazeke (ngenxa yamazinga aphakeme kakhulu e-PSA noma amaphuzu aphezulu e-Gleason ), khona-ke uzosusa ama-lymph nodes ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi ahlolwe ngokushesha ngumuntu we- pathologist ngobufakazi bomdlavuza . Uma kungekho umdlavuza otholakala, ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe njengoba kuhleliwe. Uma umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph nodes, noma kunjalo, ngokuvamile ukuhlinzeka kuvinjelwe ngaphandle kokususa i-prostate. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma umdlavuza usuvele usakaze ngaphandle kwe-prostate, ukususwa kwe-prostate kwenezela kancane kancane isiguli.
- I-Lymph Node Biopsy Ngaphandle Kokuhlinzwa
Amadoda abakhetha ukungabi nokuhlinzwa ukuze basuse i-prostate yabo (ngoba, ngokwesibonelo, bafisa ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-radiation esikhundleni), ezimweni ezingavamile, kusadingeka ukuthi babe ne-lymph nodes yabo ehlolwe ukuba khona komdlavuza. Kokubili okukhethwa kukho okulandelayo kusetshenziswa kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile. - I-Laparoscopic Biopsy
Ngenxa yalendlela, udokotela ohlinzayo akenzi noma yikuphi ukucubungula isikhathi eside esiswini. Esikhundleni salokho, ubeka izimbobo ezincane esiswini lapho izinsimbi ezinde, ezincane (kufaka phakathi ikhamera encane) zifakiwe. Lezi zinsimbi zingase zisebenzwe udokotela ohlinzayo ukuze asuse izitho zamakhemikhali ezungeze i-prostate. Ama-lymph nodes athunyelwa ukuhlolwa. - I-Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)
Kule ndlela, i- radiologist engenele (ngubani oqeqeshwe ngokuqondile ukwenza izinqubo ezifana ne-FNA), ufaka inaliti ende esikhumbeni futhi angene kunoma iyiphi i-lymph node ekhulisiwe eduze ne-prostate. Isampuli encane ye-lymph node isuswa bese ithunyelwa ukuhlolwa.
> Umthombo:
> Trabulsi EJ, Merriam WG, Gomella LG. Amasu amasha okucabanga ngomdlavuza wesifo sofuba. U-Curr Urol Rep 2006 ngo-May; 7 (3): 175-80. Buyekeza.