Ukuxilongwa kwe-Cancer Prostate

Yiziphi Izinto Ezibaluleke Kakhulu Zokwazi Ngokuthola Ukuqapha I-Cancer Prostate?

Njalo ngonyaka, izinkulungwane zamadoda zithola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza we- prostate . Ngenxa yocingo eliphakeme lamadoda abhekene nalesi sifo, izivivinyo zokuhlolwa kwonyaka zenzeke ukuze ngithembele umdlavuza we-prostate ekuqaleni. Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezikhona ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komdlavuza we-prostate ngemuva kokungajwayelekile okutholakala ngokuhlola.

1. Ukuhlola njalo

   Bonke abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kufanele bahlolwe njalo ngonyaka ngomdlavuza wesifo sofuba. Amadoda ase-Afrika-Amamerica namadoda anomlando oqinile womdlavuza wesi-prostate baye baboniswa ukuthi banezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu zomdlavuza wesicathulo kanye nesidingo sokuqala ukuhlola kwabo eneminyaka engama-40 (noma ngisho nangaphambili uma amalungu omndeni asungula umdlavuza wesibeletho ngesikhathi esifushane).

   Ukwengeza, noma yikuphi amadoda anezibonakaliso ezibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate udinga ukuhlolwa.

   Ukuhlolwa okufanelekile kuhilela kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal kanye nokuhlolwa kwesifo se-prostate esithile se-antigen .

   • I-Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

     Phakathi nalesi sivivinyo, udokotela ufaka umunwe oqoshiwe, ogqamile (idijithali) engxenyeni ye-rectum. Ngenxa yesikhumba se-prostate phambi kwe-rectum, udokotela uyakwazi ukuzwa uhlangothi lwe-prostate lapho iningi lamagciwane eqala khona. Ukungahleleki okufana nokuqhuma noma ubunzima be-prostate kungatholakala ngale ndlela.

     Lesi sivivinywa sivame ukuqedwa ngemizuzwana engu-5 kuya kwengu-10 futhi amadoda amaningi awanakuzwa kahle phakathi kwawo.

   • Isivivinyo segazi se-Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

     Isampula encane yegazi ithathwa bese ithunyelwa ebhokisini yokuhlaziywa. I-PSA yiprotheni eyenziwa kuphela ngamaseli e-prostate. Njengoba i-prostate ikhulisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingumdlavuza noma enye imbangela , inani le-PSA lakhiqizwa.

     Amazinga aphezulu e-PSA noma ukunyuka okusheshayo ezingeni le-PSA kungabonisa udokotela emdlalweni ongase ube nomdlavuza.

1. Ukuphefumula Kwe-Prostatic

   Uma ukungavamile kutholakala ku-DRE noma ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA, udokotela uzovamise ukuhlela i-biopsy ye-prostate.

   I-biopsy ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yezicubu kusuka ku-prostate. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inaliti encane eyabekwa ku-prostate. Inqwaba yezicubu ziboshwe enaleni ngenkathi isesidlalweni bese kuthi inaliti ikhishwe. Lokhu kuphindwe ezindaweni eziningi kulo lonke i-prostate ukuze unciphise ithuba lokulahlekelwa indawo lapho umdlavuza ungaba khona.

   Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa ngumjozi we- urologist noma omunye udokotela ohlinzayo ehhovisi lakhe futhi kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu.

   Amasampuli amathisimu athunyelwa ku- pathologist (udokotela okhethekile othola izifo esekelwe ekubukeni kwawo ngaphansi kwe-microscope) owenza ukuhlolwa kokugcina komdlavuza wesibeletho.

   Ngalesi sikhathi, isifo somzimba singabheka futhi namangqamuzana omdlavuza ukucacisa ukuthi zingavamile kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ibanga" lomdlavuza. Ibanga eliphakeme lisho ukuthi amangqamuzana ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi ukuthi umdlavuza cishe usakazeka.

   Isihloko esihle kakhulu sibonisa ukuthi i-prostate biopsy isebenza kanjani.

1. Ukuhlola Ukunquma Isilinganiso Se-Cancer

   Ukuvivinywa akumiseli ngemuva kokuba udokotela wezinzimboni uye waqaphela ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona yini noma cha. Ukuze ukwelaphe umdlavuza ngempumelelo , odokotela abakuthandayo kumele bazi ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kangakanani .

   Ukuze unqume lokhu, ukuhlolwa okuningi kungasetshenziswa. Udokotela wakho uyonquma ukuthi yikuphi okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunazo zonke zesimo sakho, kodwa bonke basebenza ukuthola umdlavuza osakaze ngaphandle kwe-prostate.

   • I-Ultrasound - I-probe encane ye-ultrasound ifakwa ngaphakathi kwe-rectum. I-ultrasound ingabonisa ukuthi izitho eziseduze nezicubu ziye zahlasela umdlavuza.
   • I-Bone scan - Umdlavuza we-Prostate ngokuvamile uhlakazeka emathanjeni uma ungawatholi ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukunikeza isithombe esinemininingwane yamathambo omzimba. Izindawo zomdlavuza emathanjeni zitholakala ngudokotela wakho.
   • CT Scan noma i- MRI - Lezi zivivinyo ezimbili zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuningiliziwe ngezitho kanye nezicubu esiswini nasekhanda. Izindawo ezinkulu kuphela, ezinomdlavuza womdlavuza ngaphandle kwe-prostate zingabonakala ngalokhu, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izivivinyo ukuze ziwusizo kakhulu.
   • I-Lymph Node Biopsy - I- Lymph nodes yizakhiwo ezincane ezikhona kuwo wonke umzimba. I-Cancer ngokuvamile isakazeka emaceleni omzimba oseduzane ngaphambili kunezinye izicubu. Ngokuqeda ukuhlinzwa ezinye ze-lymph nodes eduze ne-prostate futhi ubahlaziye ngokuba khona komdlavuza, udokotela wakho angaqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza awuzange usakaze ngaphandle kwe-prostate.

Zonke lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kangakanani noma "isigaba" somdlavuza wakho . Ukuncintisana kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukhetho olungcono kakhulu lokwelashwa kwakho.

_Imithombo:

Gerber GS, Goldberg R, i-Chodak GW. Ukumiswa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba nge-volume volume, i-prostate-specific antigen, ne-transrectal ultrasound. Urology 40 (4): 311-6, 1992.

I-Stone NN, i-Stock RG, i-Unger P. Izinkomba ze-vesinal vesicle biopsy ne-laparoscopic i-lymph node dissection kumadoda ane-carcinoma yendawo ye-prostate. J Urol 154 (4): 1392-6, 1995.