I-Potassium ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezivame kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi ekhona ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. I-Hyperkalemia yigama lamazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini lakho. Izinga elivamile le-potassium labantu abadala libhekwa njenge-3.6 kuya ku-5.2 mEq / L. Uma izinga lakho lithola ngaphezu kwe-6 mEq / L, uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngoba amazinga aphakeme angaba yingozi uma ephakeme kakhulu.
I-hyperkalemia ivame ukubangelwa yisifo sezinso, kodwa singabangelwa ezinye izifo nezinto ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, nemithi ethile.
Ukuqonda ama-Electrolytes
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani amazinga e-potassium ebalulekile nokuthi yini engabangela ukuba banyuke noma banciphise, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi i-electrolytes isebenza kanjani emzimbeni. Iningi labantu liyaziwa ngama-electrolyte avela ku-Gatorade noma ukuhweba kwe-Pedialyte okucindezela ukuvuselelwa emva kokuzivocavoca (noma ukuhlanza nokuhuda kwimeko kaPedialyte) ukulinganisela amazinga ethu e-electrolyte. Ngenkathi ulwazi oluqukethwe ezikhangisweni kuyiqiniso, aluqali ngisho nokuchaza ubunzima be-electrolytes nokuthi bubucayi kangakanani emzimbeni wakho.
Ngamagama alula kakhulu, i-electrolyte yilawo amaminerali ahlanganiswe ukuthi lapho echithwa emanzini ahlukene e-ions ebizwa ngamandla kagesi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-electrolyte, kodwa i-sodium, i-potassium, i-chloride, i-bicarbonate, i-calcium, i-sulfate, i-magnesium ne-phosphate ibhekwa ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu.
Imizimba yethu incike ku-potassium ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ithoni ye-vascular, umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-insulini nezinye ama-hormone ahlukahlukene, imimoya yesisu, i-acid-base balance, umsebenzi wezinso, kanye nokulinganisela kwamanzi ne-electrolyte.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone, izindlela ezikhethekile, kanye nabathungathi, izinso zibhekene nokuqapha ukuhlushwa nokuvama kwama-electrolyte namanzi emzimbeni.
Isibonelo esiyisisekelo sendlela izinso ezilawula ngayo amanzi kanye ne-electrolytes ukugcoba. Uma umzimba wakho unomthamo owengeziwe, umkhiqizo wakho we-urine wanda. Uma umzimba wakho uphelelwa amandla, umkhiqizo wakho we-urine wehle. Noma yikuphi ukwedlula kwe-electrolyte kuxoshwa emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa umchamo, ukujuluka, kanye nomzila wokugaya. Izinso zinomkhawulo oqinile wezinto ezibhekwa njengezinga eliphansi noma eliphakeme lamanzi noma i-electrolytes emzimbeni. Uma amazinga akhula noma ancipha, izinso ziqala ukuphendula ngokushesha. Ukuzwa ukoma kuyisibonelo esiyisisekelo sokuthi imizimba yethu isabela kanjani ekunciphiseni amazinga amanzi.
Amazinga egazi e-potassium aphezulu angaphazamisa indlela ezinye izinhlelo zelungu ezisebenza ngayo futhi zingaba zibulalayo uma zingashiywa zingaphathwa. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hyperkalemia ingaba yingozi kakhulu, amazinga e-potassium aphakeme kufanele athathwe ngokungathí sina, ngisho noma engakabonakali izimpawu.
Izimpawu
I-Potassium idlala indima ebalulekile enhliziyweni kanye nomsebenzi we-neuromuscular, ngakho uma amazinga ephakeme, inhliziyo, izinzwa, nemisipha zivame ukuthinteka. Ngokuphakama okunamandla kwe-potassium, kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo izimpawu, kodwa njengoba amazinga ekhuphuka, izimpawu zakho zingafaka:
- Ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka noma ama-spasms
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula kwe-hyperventilation
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukukhubazeka
- Ukuzizwa kokulinganisa
- I-arrhythmias yenhliziyo (imilolo yezinhliziyo ezingavamile), enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu
- Ukudideka
- Ukuzizwa, ukuhlaselwa, nokufa lapho amazinga ephakeme kakhulu
Izimbangela
Kunezici eziningi ezingasiza ekwandeni amazinga e-potassium , kodwa okuvame kakhulu izinkinga zezinso ezinjengokuhluleka kwezinso ezinzima noma isifo sezinso ezingelapheki. Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile ezikhona ezibandakanya:
- Isifo sika-Addison
- Imithi ethile efana ne-angiotensin II receptor blockers, i-angiotensin-yokuguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), nama-block blockers
- Ukufaka ama-potassium amaningi, njengokudla, ama-potassium supplements, noma ama-salt substitutes
- Ukwehla kwamanzi
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela se-1
- Amaseli aphuzi egazi abhujiswa ngenxa yokushisa noma ukulimala okukhulu
- I-tumor lysis syndrome
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi
Ukuxilongwa
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-hyperkalemia yangempela. I-Hyperkalemia itholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinyo nezinso ze-potassium, izivivinyo zomchamo, kanye / noma ukuhlolwa kwe-cardiac. Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukuxilonga nge-hyperkalemia ngokushesha uma unayo ngempela.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kungabonisa ukuthi unesilinganiso esiphakeme se-potassium uma empeleni ungenzi, isenzakalo esibizwa nge-pseudohyperkalemia. Lokhu kungenzeka uma amaseli abomvu esampula yegazi ephuka, ekhulula i-potassium kwisampula. Kungenzeka futhi uma i-tourniquet eqinile kakhulu isetshenziselwa amaminithi ambalwa ngenkathi idweba igazi ngenkathi ifuna i-vein, ikakhulukazi uma uvula futhi uvale isibhamu sakho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwandisa imivimbo yakho.
I-pseudohyperkalemia nayo ingenzeka uma unesisindo segazi elimhlophe kakhulu noma isibalo seplatelet. Uma izinga eliphezulu le-potassium litholakala uma ungenaso isizathu esicacile se-hyperkalemia, futhi uma ungenayo izimpawu noma izimpawu ze-hyperkalemia, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kudinga ukuphindwa. Nge-pseudohyperkalemia, izinga le-serum potassium liphakeme kakhulu kunezinga le-plasma potassium. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye odokotela bakhetha ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa nge-plasma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo i-pseudohyperkalemia.
Ukwelapha
Isikhathi esiningi i-hyperkalemia inomoya omnene futhi ingelashwa ngokumane uvimbele i-potassium ekudleni kwakho futhi uphathe isizathu esiyimbangela. Uma kunzima kakhulu, ukhetho lwezokwelapha lungabandakanya:
- I-Diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi)
- I-glucose engathandeki ne-insulin
- IV calcium
- I-Potassium iyayiphuza imithi
- I-Dialysis
- Abashintshi bezinhlanzi ezinomzimba ezinjenge-Patiromer, ehlanganisa i-potassium endleleni yokugaya ngokushintshanisa i-calcium
Ukudla
Ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuvimbela ukungenisa kwakho kwe-potassium kubalulekile uma unezinso zezinso noma ezinye izimo ezikubeka engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-hyperkalemia. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukhawulela noma ukugwema ukudla okuphezulu e-potassium kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo eminingi yobisi, imifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi owomileyo namantongomane.
Izwi elivela
I-Hyperkalemia yisimo esiyingozi, kodwa singaphindwa ngempumelelo. Lapho amazinga aphansi e-potassium ekhona, kubalulekile ukuba udokotela wakho ngokushesha ahlole izinga lakho elisheshayo lengozi futhi asebenze ukuze uthole amazinga akho e-potassium ebuyela emuva evamile. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko ye-hyperkalemia yakho ukuze ilashwe, uma kunesidingo, futhi ukuze izinyathelo zithathwe ukuvimbela i-hyperkalemia ukuthi ingabe isenzeka futhi.
> Imithombo:
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. I-Potassium ephezulu (Hyperkalemia). I-Mayo Clinic. Ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 11, 2018.
> Meng QH, Wagar EA. Pseudohyperkalemia: A New Twist on Phenomenon Old. Ukubuyekeza Okubalulekile kuSayensi Yezokwelapha Zezokwelapha . 2015; 52 (2): 45-55. doi: 10.3109 / 10408363.2014.966898.
> Mount DB. Ukwelapha nokuvimbela i-Hyperkalemia kubantu abadala. Kusesikhathini. Kubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-18 Disemba, 2017.
> Wilson FP, uBerns JS. I-Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Izinselele Ezintsha Nentuthuko Yamuva. Ukuthuthuka kwezifo eziphilile ezinganeni . 2014; 21 (1): 18-26. doi: 10.1053 / j.ackd.2013.07.071.