Ngaphandle kwe-potassium, asikwazanga ukuhlala. I-electrolyte inomthwalo wemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yokuphila. Akuyona kuphela i-potassium enesibopho sokulawula ibhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni, igcina inhliziyo iqhuma, i-muscular contracting, ukugaya ama-gut, kanye nezinzwa zakho zokudubula.
Lokho kusho ukuthi into enhle kakhulu ingaba yingozi. I-potassium ephakeme, eyaziwa ngezokwelapha njenge- hyperkalemia , iyinto ejwayelekile yokuthola i-laboratory.
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa lapho amazinga egazini ephakeme kunama-5.0 mEq / L. Ngokuthakazelisayo, iningi labantu alitholi izimpawu kulo. Uma benza, lezo zimpawu zivame ukuba zincane futhi ezingenasici, kufaka phakathi izikhalazo ezivamile njengokukhathala nokubuthakathaka jikelele.
Iningi labantu alingazi kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu kuze kube yilapho izinga labo le-potassium lifinyelela ku-7.0 mEq / L noma ngaphezulu. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu zingenzeka emazingeni aphansi uma izinga le-potassium likhuphuka kalula. Hlala uphawule lezi zimpawu.
Izimpawu Ze-Neurologic
Ngokuvamile, kune-potassium engaphakathi futhi ngaphezulu kwe-sodium ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi iseli elinikeziwe. Le-gradient of electrolytes kusiza ukushayela ipompo ye-sodium-potassium ATPase edingekayo ukuze isuse isenzo esingenzeka. Ngaphandle kwesenzo esingaba namandla, inzwa ayikwazi ukudala umfutho.
I-potassium eningi kakhulu ngaphandle kweseli ishintsha i-electrolyte gradient ukuze isenzo esithile singasheshi ukuqala futhi, esimweni esibi kunazo zonke, angeke senzeke nhlobo.
Uma kuziwa ezindlebeni, lokhu kungathinta ukuthi ngokushesha izimpendulo zakho ziphendula kanjani noma ukuthi iziphetho zakho zezinzwa zisebenza kanjani.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpawu ezivamile ze-neurologic ze-hyperkalemia zingabandakanya:
- I-reflexes yehla
- Ukulinganisa
- Ubumbulu (okungajwayelekile)
Izimpawu zeMisculoskeletal
I-neerve, nayo, ingabe ishukumisa imisipha ye-muscle-inhliziyo, i-squake, noma i-smooth-to contract.
Uma i-potassium ithinta izinyathelo zesenzo, ngokuzenzakalelayo kuthinta umsebenzi we-muscle futhi.
Imisipha ye-squelette, ebizwa nangokuthi imisipha ehlosiwe, iyimisipha emathanjeni akho. Bakuvumela ukuba uthuthe izingalo nemilenze yakho nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Imisipha engayitholi imithwalo yezinzwa ingaba nenkinga enzima yokuthola isivumelwano noma ingaba buthakathaka.
Izimpawu ze-musculoskeletal hyperkalemia zingafaka:
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- Ukukhubazeka (okungajwayelekile)
Ukuphefumula komndeni ngokweqile kwegazi kuwubuhlobo obuthathwa njengefa, obanika abantu engozini ephakeme yalezi zibonakaliso ezinhlobonhlobo. Noma kunjalo, isimo asivamile, sithinta kuphela umuntu oyedwa kubantu abangu-200,000.
Izimpawu ze-GI
Imisipha emibala igxile le-GI futhi kuyadingeka ukuhambisa ukudla kusuka ku-oophagus yakho yonke indlela ngokusebenzisa ikoloni enqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i- peristalsis . Lapho amazinga e-potassium ephakeme, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha ebushelelezi kungase kube buthakathaka kakhulu ukuze kulungiswe ukuhamba phambili phambili ngepheshana le-GI. Lokhu kungaholela ekusikeni kwesisulu, ukuhlanza kanye nokwakhiwa kwegesi lesisu.
Izimpawu zomzimba zesifo se-hyperkalemia zingafaka:
Izimpawu Zezinhliziyo
Inhliziyo iqhuba izimpawu phakathi kwamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-myocytes.
Izenzo zokusebenza ziyadingeka ukuze uthumele izimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo kuma-myocytes agcina inhliziyo yakho ibetha.
Lapho amazinga egazi we-potassium ephakeme kakhulu, izinhlangothi zenhliziyo zingase zingabi namandla ngokwanele ukupompa igazi elanele enhliziyweni ebuchosheni nezinye izitho. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kunganciphisa nokudubula kokubambezeleka kwezenzo.
Ngale ndlela, izici zenhliziyo ezingavamile zingase zithuthuke. Kuncike ku-arrhythmia, lokhu kungaba isimo esongela ukuphila.
Izimpawu ze-cardia ze-hyperkalemia zingabandakanya:
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo esincane
- Amapulpitations kanye ne-arrhythmia yenhliziyo
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ukuboshwa kwe-cardiac (okungajwayelekile)
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Khumbula ukuthi iningi labantu alikho izimpawu kuze kube yilapho izinga lazo le-potassium lingaphezulu kwe-7.0 mEq / L. Uma uhlakulela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomzimba, ungaba namazinga aphakeme kakhulu we-potassium.
Uyakhuthazwa ukuba usebenze futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuze uhlole. Isikhathi esiningi i-hyperkalemia itholakele ngengozi emsebenzini wegazi . Kuleso simo, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi aphinde ama-lab wakho futhi alandele noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo.
> Imithombo:
> Karmacharya P, Poudel DR, Pathak R, Rettew A, Alweis R. Acute Hyperkalemia Eholela ekukhubazekeni kwe-Flaccid: Ukubukezwa kwezibonakaliso ze-Hyperkalemic. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2015; 5 (3): 10.3402 / jchimp.v5.27993.
> Lewis JL. Hyperkalemia. I-Merck Manual: I-Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Ephreli 2016. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-disorders/hyperkalemia.
> Mount DB. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ye-Hyperkalemia kubantu abadala. Ku: Forman JP (ed), UpToDate (Inthanethi) , Waltham, MA. Kubuyekezwe ngo-February 2018.
> Parham WA, Mehdirad AA, Biermann KM, uFredman CS. I-Hyperkalemia ibukeziwe kabusha. I-Tex Heart Inst J. 2006; 33 (1): 40-47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413606/.