Imithi Yezinhlungu Ze-Prescription Ingakunikeza Inkululeko
Ngezinye izinhlobo zobuhlungu, uma imithi yokuhlunguphazwa ngokwe-over-the-counter (OTC) enganele, udokotela wakho anganquma ukubhala isigqebhezana ngesimo esinamandla sokuphumula ubuhlungu. Khumbula ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi noma yiziphi ezinye izithako, ngoba zingase zihlanganyele namaphilisi okudokotela.
Anticonvulsants
Nakuba ama-anticonvulsants ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, ziye zafakazwa ngokuphumelelayo ekuphatheni ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukulimala kwamagciwane.
Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa zisebenza ngokunciphisa ikhono lezinzwa - ikakhulukazi izinzwa ezilimazayo - ukudlulisa izimpawu zobuhlungu. I-Carbamazepine, isibonelo, ivimbela amangqamuzana omgogodla ekuqhumeni ngokuphindaphindiwe.
- Izibonelo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Tegretol (carbamazepine), iKlonopin (clonazepam), i-Topamax (i-topiramate), i-Neurontin (gabapentin), i-Gabitril (i-tiagabine), i- Lyrica (pregabalin) ne-Valium (diazepam).
- Okuhle Kokuphathwa: Ubuhlungu obubangelwa yi-neuralgia yangemva kokuhamba (izinhlungu zesisindo ezivela emasongweni), i-neuralgia ye-trigeminal kanye nosizi lwezinzwa ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela (isifo sikashukela se-diabetes).
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: Iningi le-anticonvulsants libekezelela kahle, kodwa i-carbamazepine ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kubandakanya izinkinga zesibindi nokuphendula kwe-allergenic; abasebenzisi kufanele bahlolwe njalo ngalezi zindlela nokunye ukuphendula. Le mithi ibuye ibe ne-teratogenic futhi iphikisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ama-antidepressants
Abacwaningi baqala ukuqonda ubudlelwane obuyimbangela-futhi-effect phakathi kobuhlungu nokucindezeleka.
Ama-anti-depressants asebenza ngokushintsha amazinga nemiphumela yama-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni. Kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-anti-depressants: 1) I-Tricyclic, 2) i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe kanye no-3) i-serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) ekhethiwe, ngokuvamile ama-tricyclics anqunyelwe ubuhlungu.
Kodwa-ke, i-SSNRI efana ne-Cymbalta (duloxetine), nayo iye yafakazelwa ukuthi iphumelele ngezinhlobo ezithile zobuhlungu, njengaleyo ehlobene ne-peripheral neuropathy.
- Izibonelo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Prozac (i-fluoxetine), i- Paxil (i-paroxetine), i-Zoloft (i-sertraline), i-Elavil (i-amitriptyline), i-Norpramin (desipramine), i-Effexor (i-venlafaxine), i-Sinequan (doxepin), i-Wellbutrin (i-bupropion), i-Serzone (nefazodone), i-Desyrel (i-trazadone) ne-Cymbalta (duloxetine).
- Okuhle Kokuphatha: I- Migraines, ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini, i-peripheral neuropathy, i-neuropathy ye-diabetes, i-fibromyalgia, ubuhlungu be-back and ne-neuralgia.
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: Iningi lokucindezeleka lithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ukuqala ukusebenza; Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zingase zibekwe enye i-painkiller njengezidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa (NSAID). Amanani we-antidepressants asetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu ngokuvamile aphansi kunamanani okwelapha ukucindezeleka.
Imithi ye-Antimigraine
Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zemithi enikezwe i-migraines - triptans, ama-ergots, kanye ne-isometheptene - abizwa ngokuthi imithi yokukhipha imithi ngoba, kuthathwe masinyane, ingavimbela i-migraine noma iyanciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu obuhambisanayo. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela imithwalo yegazi, ikakhulukazi imishanguzo yesikhashana, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukucindezela ebuchosheni.
- Izibonelo: Lokhu kufaka i-Imitrex (i-sumatriptan), i-Zomig (i-zolmitriptan), i-Maxalt (i-rizatriptan), i-Amerge (i-naratriptan), i-Axert (i-almotriptan), isi-Frovalan (i-frovatriptan), i-Midrin (isometheptene, i-dichloralphenazone, i-acetaminophen) ne-Ergomar, i-Wigraine, i-Cafergot, i-Migranal (ergotamine) imithi.
- Okuhle Kokuphatha: I- Migraines, kepha ubuhlungu bungasuswa uma imithi isetshenziselwa ukuqala kokuqala kwezimpawu ze-migraine.
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: I- Triptans iye yahlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo nemivimbo; bangase bahlanganyele kabi nezinye izidakamizwa, kuhlanganise i-SSRIs ne-Tagamet (cimetidine).
Corticosteroids
I-Corticosteroids isebenza ngokuncipha ukuvuvukala; ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe emazingeni amancane ukunciphisa izingozi zemiphumela emibi. I-corticosteroids ye-prescription-amandla ingathathwa ngomlomo, ngomjovo, nge-inhaler, noma njengokhilimu okwesibhakabhaka.
- Izibonelo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Deltasone (prednisone), i- Hydeltrasol (prednisolone) ne-Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone).
- Okuhle Kokuphatha: Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okuhlobene nesifo samathambo nesifo se-lupus.
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: I-corticosteroids yomlomo engapheli ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi engaba yingozi, kuhlanganise nokuzuza kwesisindo, i-glaucoma, i-cataracts, ushukela ophezulu wegazi, izilonda, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kagesi, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, amasosha omzimba asusiwe kanye nokwanda kwegazi nokucindezeleka kwe-osteoporosis.
I-Cox-2 Inhibitors
I-cox-2 inhibitors yi-NSAID engabangela ukukhushulwa kwamathumbu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-NSAIDS, njenge-aspirin, ibuprofen, ne-naproxen. I-cox-2 inhibitors isebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyclo-oxygenase-2, i-enzyme eholela ekuvuvukeni nasebuhlungu.
- Isibonelo: I-cox-2 kuphela inhibitor okwamanje etholakalayo e-US yi-Celebrex (celecoxib).
- Okuhle Kokuphatha: Ubuhlungu be-Arthritis nokuya esikhathini.
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: Ngo-2004, i-Vioxx (rofecoxib) - i-COX-2 inhibitor eyenziwe ngu-Merck - isusiwe emakethe ngenxa yokuthi ihlangene nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa isifo. I-celebrex ingafaka izingozi ezifanayo.
Ama-opioids
Ama-opioids ekuqaleni aphuma esitshalweni se-poppy; namuhla, i-opioids iyatholakala emafomu e-organic and synthetic. Zitholakala futhi zihlangene namanye ama-painkillers, njenge-ibuprofen ne-acetaminophen. Ngenxa yokuthi i-opioids iyinambuzane nemiphumela yokudambisa, ngezinye izikhathi ibhalwe ngokugqugquzela.
- Izibonelo: Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-morphine, i-Codeine (i-codeine phosphate), i- Actiq (i-fentanyl citrate), i-Oxycontin (oxycodone) ne-Vicodin (i-hydrocodone ne-acetaminophen).
- Okulungele Ukwelapha: Ubuhlungu obukhulu, njengohlobo lobuhlungu obungase lube nakho ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukulimala kanzima noma ubuhlungu obukhulu ngenxa yomdlavuza we-metastatic.
- Okubalulekile Ukukwazi: Ama-opioids anakho ukulutha, kodwa lapho esetshenziselwa ukuqondiswa ubuhlungu besikhathi esifushane, lokhu kubungozi kunciphise kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi ingase ihlanganise ukudliwa, isicashu, ukulala nokuzinkinga zokuphefumula.
I-Original Original Ehlelwe ngu-Naveed Slaeh, MD, MS, ngomhla ka-2/28/2016.
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