Ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela kuyisinyathelo esingaphakathi nendabuko yemithi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuhilela ukubhekwa kwezokwelapha kanye nemithi ejwayelekile yokugcina induduzo ekupheleni kokuphila.
Ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela kukhona kokubili ifilosofi kanye nohlobo lokunakekelwa umuntu angakuthola ekupheleni kokuphila. Ifilosofi ye-hospice "ayifuni futhi ihlehlise ukufa," ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society.
Kuthiwa ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela kunokwelapha umuntu kunesi sifo, ukusebenza ukuphatha izimpawu ukuze izinsuku zokugcina zomuntu zingasetshenziswa ngesithunzi kanye nekhwalithi, zizungezwe abathandekayo. Ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela kunomndeni-okubandakanya isiguli kanye nomndeni ekwenzeni izinqumo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi umbhede wezobhedlela uzohlinzekwa futhi ubekwe ekhaya, ngakho-ke wonke amaqembu kudingeka abe ebhodini lapho okuyobekwa khona lo mbhede.
Ngencazelo, ukunakekelwa esibhedlela akuyona umuntu ongase abe neminyaka eminingi yokuphila ngaphambi kwabo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-hospice inikeza "ukunakekelwa ngothando kubantu abasesigabeni sokugcina sesifo esingelapheki ukuze baphile ngokugcwele nangokwedlulele ngangokunokwenzeka." I-hospice igxile ekunciphiseni ukuhlupheka nokuthuthukisa izimpawu kunokuphilisa lesi sifo. I-hospice igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwesiguli kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila phakathi kwezigaba zokugcina zokugula okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi imithi ethile ingase ishiywe futhi abanye bengezwe.
Umuntu othola ukunakekelwa esibhedlela angakhetha ukuhamba esibhedlela futhi angene ekwelapheni lomdlavuza osebenzayo noma kunini.
Uyini Ukuphathwa Kokunakekelwa Kwe-Hospice?
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa kwezibhedlela zihlinzekwa ngabantwana abahlala esibhedlela , lapho abasebenzi abahlengikazi kanye namalungu eqembu lokubeletha bavakashela njalo isiguli; kanye nokunakekelwa kwezingane ezihlala esibhedlela , lapho umuntu angase avele esibhedlela noma ekhaya lakhe ukuba ahlale esikhungweni esinikeza ukunakekelwa kwewashi ngeqembu labahlinzeki bezempilo.
Kuye lapho uhlala khona, kanye nemikhuba yabanikezeli be-hospice endaweni yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi enye yalezi zindlela zokubeletha iyatholakala ngenkathi enye engekho. Abantu abaningi bathola ukunakekelwa esibhedlela ekhaya. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala ezisizwayo, noma amakhaya angamahlengikazi bangathola ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela kulezi zindawo. Kukhona imigomo okufanele ihlangane ngaphambi kokuba umuntu afaneleke ukuthola i-hospice. Umuntu akakwazi nje ukukhetha ukunakekela ukunakekelwa esibhedlela ngoba isifo sinzima kakhulu, isibonelo-ukubeletha ikakhulukazi kubantu abalindeleke ukuba baphile cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphansi uma ukugula kuqhuba inkambo evamile.
Ubani Okhokhela Izibhedlela?
I-Medicare, i-Medicaid emazweni amaningi, uMnyango Wezombusazwe, izinhlelo eziningi zomshuwalense wangasese, ama-HMO, nezinye izinhlangano zokunakekelwa eziphethwe zikhokhela ukunakekelwa esibhedlela. Ezinye izinhlelo zikhokhela iziguli ngokusho kwabo ukukhokha.
Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile: Isibhedlela se-Cancer Cancer
Iziguli ezinomdlavuza wegazi ziye zaphawulwa ukuba zisebenzise ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kuneziguli ezinezifo ezimbi ezinjengokuthi umdlavuza wekoloni noma umdlavuza webele, isibonelo.
Ngokushesha iqembu labacwaningi selihlelekile ukuze lifunde ukuthi kungani lokhu kungase kube njalo.
Amaningi emdlavuza wegazi awunayo ikhambi, futhi unyaka ngamunye, kunabantu abaningi abane-leukemia, i-lymphoma ne-myeloma abangase bafanelekele esibhedlela ngokusekelwe kwencazelo yokulindela kwezinyanga ezingu-6 zokuphila noma ngaphansi. Ngakho-ke, kungani iziguli ezinegazi lomdlavuza wegazi kanye nodokotela bazo zingazitholi izifo ezifanayo njengabantu abanamanye amagciwane?
U-Hos pice Study
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, leli qembu labacwaningi lathumela ucwaningo kuma-hematologic oncologists akhethiwe ngokungahleliwe e-United States ukuveza imibono yabo ngokubaluleka nokwanela kwe-hospice yeziguli zomdlavuza wegazi.
Babuye babuze imibuzo ehlose ukukhipha ezinye izici ezingase zithinte ukudluliselwa kweziguli ku-hospice. Odokotela ababenakekela iziguli zombili izidakamizwa eziqinile kanye neziguli ezinegazi lomdlavuza zifakwe phakathi odokotela abathintekayo.
Naphezu kwamazinga aphezulu okusekela esibhedlela jikelele, cishe amaphesenti angu-46 odokotela abaphendule babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukubeletha ekhaya akufanele izidingo zabagulayo. Abangaphezu kwesigamu sabamangalelwa babike ukuthi bazobe sebebhekene neziguli ekubhekiseni iziguli uma i-cell cell ebomvu kanye / noma i-platelet igazi likhona, futhi labo ababengabheka ukugonywa kwezingane ngokwanele babengase bakhulume ukuthi bazobuyiselwa uma ukumpompela bekuyingxenye wephakheji lokubhedlela.
Kungani Kungabikho Ukuguqulwa?
Imithi yokwelashwa ehlinzeka ngokujwayelekile yenza impilo yesiguli ibe ngcono kodwa ingasondisi impilo noma ilawule ukulimala, uma kunomdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingase zihlanganise imithi yokusiza iziguli ukulawula izimpawu ezibuhlungu, noma ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka, noma ukusiza ngokulala. Njengoba umuntu esondela ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, angase ahambe kancane, futhi ukwelashwa ukugwema ukuqothulwa nokulimala esikhumbeni kuzo zonke izixhumanisi ngamabhedi ombhede angase asetshenziswe. Imithi ingase isetshenziselwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuphefumula ngasekupheleni kokuphila kanye.
Umbuzo wokumpompela ngegazi kuyinto encane kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelashwa kwe- anemia yesiguli kungenza umuntu azizwe engcono. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okunamandla kunokuba abanye abahlinzeki be-hospice bakhululekile. Abanye abahlinzeki be-hospice bachaza ukuthi ukumpontshelwa okungaphezu kwe-"Band-Aid" kubantu ekupheleni kokuphila futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, akuhambisani nefilosofi yokubhedlela. Akuwona wonke ama-hospice asebenza ngale ndlela, kodwa-ke, kanti abanye bahlomele ukuhlinzeka ngegazi njalo.
Kuziguli ezinegazi lamangqamuzana egazi, ukumpompela ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuphila. Eqinisweni, iningi lezinhlungu ezingapheli ezinonya kakhulu ze-hematologic malignancies zingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo iminyaka, futhi ukumpontshelwa igazi ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yeqhinga lokushintsha lesi sifo esivela emgodini wokufa kuya kwesinye esingaphethwe isikhathi eside.
Noma kunjalo, lelo qiniso lokuthi iziguli eziningi ezinegazi lomdlavuza wegazi ziyafa ngaphandle kokuzitholela izibhedlela zimelela okuthile kwabacwaningi kanye nabathintekayo benqubomgomo yezempilo kanye. Izinga lokungena kulo mlinganiso alingacaci, nakuba ukukhishwa kwezindleko kuphakanyiswa ezintweni ezivela ekhasini le-American Cancer Society ekunakekeleni iziguli:
Ukunakekelwa kwezingane zasemakhaya ngokuvamile kubiza okungaphansi kokunakekelwa ezibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile, noma kwezinye izikhungo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe obungaphansi kwezindleko eziphansi busetshenzisiwe, futhi umndeni nabangani bavame ukuhlinzeka kakhulu ukunakekelwa.
I-Odejide kanye nozakwabo, abalobi besifundo samanje emaphethini wokugula iziguli eziphethe umdlavuza wegazi, baphetha kanje:
Le datha ibonisa ukuthi nakuba i-hematologic oncologists ixabisa iziguli, ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwanele kwezinsizakalo zegciwane lomdlavuza wegazi kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-hospice. Ukwandisa ukubhaliswa kwabagulayo iziguli zegciwane lesifo segazi, ukungenelela okuhlolisisa izinsizakalo zokubhedlela izidingo zabo ezithile kuyadingeka.
Izwi elivela
Into eyodwa ehambisana nezilungiselelo ezahlukene zezifo zokwelashwa yindlela enhle yokungahambisani. Ezinye izilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwe-hospice zizovumela ukumpompela igazi. Abanye, kubonakala sengathi, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalolu cwaningo lwezokwelapha, ngeke nje ukuhlinzekwa ngegazi ngokuqinisekile-wena noma othandekayo wakho kuzodingeka uhambe esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukuthengiswa kwamacala kulezi zimo. Njengoba abalobi besifundo samanje basikisela, lokhu kungase kube yindawo engayithola ushintsho eminyakeni ezayo, ukulungisa imikhuba yokubeletha kubantu abanomdlavuza wegazi. Kuze kube yilokho, futhi kunoma yikuphi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ufunde kusuka kumhlinzeki wakho we-hospice lokho okubhekwa njengokusekela nokuthi yini ekhishwe ekunakekelweni okujwayelekile okusezingeni lokuhlelwa kweziguli.
> Imithombo:
> Odejide O, Cronin A, Earle C, et al. Kungani iziguli ezinegazi lamangqamuzana egazi zingase zife ngaphandle kwesifo? I-Cancer. 2017 Meyi 22. i-doi: 10.1002 / cncr.30735. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> I-American Cancer Society. Ngubani ohlinzeka futhi okhokhela ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice? 2017.