Ukuzama Ukuthola Okuhle Kwezizwe Zombili
Yini abazali abangayenza uma bengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi basebenzise kuphela indlela yomlomo noma nje basayine ulimi ngezingane zabo eziyizithulu? Bangasebenzisa ukuxhumana okuphelele futhi bathole izinzuzo zombili.
Kuyini Ukuxhumana Okuphelele?
Ukukhulumisana okuphelele kusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela zokuxhumana - ulimi lwezandla, izwi, iminwe eqoshiwe, i-lipreading, ukukhulisa, ukubhala, isenzo, izithombe ezibukwayo (izithombe).
Ulimi lwezandla elisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okuphelele luhlobene kakhulu nesiNgisi. Ifilosofi yokukhulumisana okuphelele ukuthi indlela kufanele ifakwe kumntwana, esikhundleni salinye indlela. Elinye igama elisetshenziselwa ukukhulumisana okuphelele liwukuxhumana okukodwa, okubizwa ngokuthi sim-com.
Ukuxhumana okuphelele kubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokuxhumana zingadinga ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe esimweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukusayina kuyindlela efanele ukuyisebenzisa, kanti ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube inkulumo. Kwezinye izimo, ukubhala kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuyisebenzisa.
Nakuba ezinye izikole / izinhlelo zezithulu zisebenzisa i-ASL nesiNgisi, iningi lezinhlelo zemfundo zezizithulu zisebenzisa ukuxhumana okuphelele. (Uhlelo lwami izingane zami ezazisetshenziswa lusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuphelele.) Umqondo wukuthi ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuphelele kuzokwenza imvelo yokufunda "encane engavinjelwe", engakhululekile ukuthuthukisa izintandokazi zokuxhumana (nakuba ingane izokhuthazwa ukusebenzisa kokubili inkulumo nokubhala ulimi).
Izinzuzo Zonke Ukuxhumana
Abanye abazali nabafundisi bayakuthanda ukukhulumisana okuphelele njengokubamba-konke okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane eyisithulu inokuthola indlela yokuxhumana (ukukhuluma njengokudingekayo, noma ukusayina njengoba kudingeka).
Isibonelo, ingane eyisithulu engakwazi ukuxhumana kahle ngomlomo ithola ukusekelwa okungeziwe kolimi lwezandla, futhi ngokufanayo.
Ukusebenzisa ukukhulumisana okuphelele kunganciphisa ukucindezela kwabazali ukuba bakhethe indlela eyodwa phezu komunye.
Ucwaningo lwaqhathanisa abantwana abangu-147 kunoma yiluphi izinhlelo zokukhulumisana zomlomo nezokuphelele ezazisetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kwama-cochlear . Ucwaningo lwaqhathanisa ulimi oluthokozelayo nolwamukelayo, olukhulunywa noma olusayinwe. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izingane zithuthukisiwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezibe zikhona - ukukhulumisana ngomlomo noma okuphelele.
Imiphumela yabuye yabonisa ukuthi abafundi bokuxhumana abaphelele benza kangcono kwezinye izinyathelo. Bobabili abafundi bokukhulumisana nabangqayizivele bekwazi ukuqonda lapho bekhulunywe khona. Kodwa-ke, kulabo bantwana abathola izimpande zabo ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka emihlanu ubudala, abafundi bezokukhulumisana bangakwazi ukuqonda kangcono uma bekhulunywa kunabafundi bokukhulumisana ngomlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi bokuxhumana abaphelele babenezilinganiso ezingcono kakhulu ekulimeni ulimi lokukhuluma lapho befakwa khona ngaphambili.
Ukungalungi kobonke ukuxhumana
Izingozi zokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuphelele ekilasini yizo ukuthi abafundisi bangasebenzisa ngokungahambisani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulumisana okuphelele kungase kungahlangabezane nezidingo zokuxhumana zabo bonke abafundi abayizithulu ekilasini. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela endleleni ulwazi lwezemfundo oluthola ngayo kahle umfundi wezithulu.
Enye ingozi engenzeka ukuthi ukukhulumisana okuphelele kungabangela amakhono okukhulumisana aphansi. Lokhu kwaphawulwa ocwaningweni olwenziwe abacwaningi ohlelweni lomlomo. Ukutadisha kwabo kuqhathanisa nabafundi ezinhlelo zokuxhumana eziphelele nabafundi ezindaweni ezikhuluma ngomlomo kuphela. Ukutadisha kwabo kuthole ukuthi abafundi ezikhulwini zomlomo bahlakulela inkulumo eqondakalayo kunabanye abafundi abaxhumana nabo.
Amabhuku on Ukuxhumana Okuphelele
Iningi lezincwadi mayelana nokuxhumana kanye nokufundisa izingane eziyizithulu nabanzima ukuzwa zihlanganisa isahluko sokuxhumana okuphelele. Amabhuku akhona kuphela ukuxhumana okuphelele abonakala abambalwa ngenombolo.
Zihlanganisa:
- "Ukuxhumana Okuphelele: Ukwakhiwa Necebo" nguLionel Evans
- "Ukukhulumisana Okuphelele: Okushiwo Yi-Movement Ukwandisa Amathuba Ezemfundo Kwazingane Ezizizwa" ngoJim Pahz
Okwenza Abazali Bakhethe Ukuxhumana Okuphelele
Abazali abasebenzisa le sayithi banikeza le ncazelo ukuthi kungani bakhetha ukuxhumana okuphelele:
"Sakhetha ukukhulumisana okuphelele kwezingane zethu ezimbili - zigqoka izinsiza zokuzwa . Isikole sabo sisetshenziselwe [ukusayina i-english ngqo] kanye nenkulumo, ngakho-ke kwakungekho nkinga kubo ukuthola ukutholakala okungaphelele kolimi. ulimi kanye kokubili okuhle kakhulu ekufundeni.
"Silindele ukuthi bazofunda izifundo ze-ASL esikoleni esiphakeme kanye / noma ekolishi, kodwa eminyakeni yabo yokuqala, sasinesithakazelo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi babe nesisekelo esiqinile ngolimi abazosebenza ngaphakathi kochwepheshe babo kanye izimpilo zabantu bonke ukuphila kwabo bonke.
"Ukufunda isiNgisi njengolimi lwabo lokuqala kuye kwasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke bathembele kumuntu owaziyo i-ASL ukuba abe khona ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda okwenzeka kuzo. Futhi sazizwa ukuthi isisekelo esinamandla esiNgisi sizobahlomisela ukuba bathole ukufeza imisebenzi njengabantu abadala; sicabanga ukuthi bazothembela ekukhulumisanweni okubhaliwe ngisho nangaphezulu kunabantu abaningi, ngakho-ke kwakungenangqondo kithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bahamba kahle ngesiNgisi njengoba bebengaba! "
Imithombo:
UConnor, uCarol McDonald, uSara Hieber, u-H. Alexander Arts noTeresa A. Zwolan. Inkulumo, isilulumagama, kanye nemfundo yezingane ngokusebenzisa izimpendulo ze-Cochlear ngomlomo noma ngokuxhumana okuphelele? I-Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol.43 1185-1204 Okthoba 2000.
Ukufundisa Izingane Eziyizithulu Noma Ezilukhuni Zokuzwa: Ukuxhumana Okuphelele. I-ERIC Digest # 559. (ED414677)
UJohn, uThomas W. Othisha Abafundi Abafundela Ukufunda Izintandokazi Zokuxhumana. Iphephandaba elinikezwe kwiNgqungquthela Yonyaka Yenhlangano Yabaqeqeshi beKolishi - Izisulu Nezinkinga Zokuzwa (23, Santa Fe, NM, Mashi 7-10, 1997) (ED406775)