Isidingo sokumpontshelwa ngegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma esilandelayo akuvamile. Ukukhipha igazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungenakugwema, kanti kwezinye izimo, ukuphuma okwanele kudinga ukumpontshelwa igazi kulindeleke. Ezimweni ezinzima, njenge- hemorrhage ngesikhathi senqubo, ukumpontshelwa igazi kunganikezwa ngesikhathi senqubo. Kwezinye iziguli, ukuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungase kube mkhulu kunokuvamile, okwenza ukumpompela kudingeke ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Izinkomba
Isibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sokuthi ukudluliswa kwegazi kuyadingeka yini ukuhlolwa kwegazi le- CBC . Amazinga we-Hemoglobin nama-hematocrit angabonisa uma kuphakanyiswa ukumpontshelwa igazi, okudingekayo noma akudingeki.
Umuntu odinga ukumpontshelwa ngegazi angabonisa izimpawu futhi ahlangabezane nezimpawu zokulahleka kwegazi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-anemia. Ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibonakala lapho igazi lihlolwe, umuntu odinga ukumpontshelwa ngokuvamile uzizwa ebuthakathaka, uthola umoya kalula, futhi angase avele ephukile.
Izingozi
Ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma kunesidingo, akuyona ingozi. Izingozi zokumpontshelwa ngegazi zivela ekungcoleni okuncane endaweni ye-IV kuya engozini encane yokufa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isinqumo sokumpontshelwa ngegazi singathí sina futhi kufanele senziwe ngokucabangela.
Ezinye izindlela
Ezinye iziguli zikhetha ukwenqaba ukumpontshelwa igazi ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo, noma ngenxa yokuthi zizwa ukuthi izingozi zokumpontshelwa ziphakeme kakhulu.
Ezinye zalezi ziguli zikhetha ukumpontshelwa kwegazi okuzenzekelayo ukuze kunciphise izingozi noma zihlele ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwegazi uma kungenzeka. Imithi ingasiza umzimba ukuthi wenze igazi ngokushesha kunokuvamile. Ukunyathelisa , noma i-Erythropoietin, kuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwegazi elibomvu futhi kungenza ukumpompela okungadingekile.
I-Blood Typing
Ukuze uthole igazi, uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kufanele lunqunywe.
Esimweni esiphuthumayo, i-O-blood inganikezwa ngaphambi kokuba uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyaziwa, kodwa uma ukuthayipha kwegazi kuqediwe, uhlobo lwakho lwegazi luyonikwa. Ukuthayipha igazi kuyinkqubo eyenziwa ukunquma uhlobo lwakho lwegazi. Igazi lakho lizowela kwesinye sezigaba ezine, A, B, AB noma O.
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwegazi, i-Rh factor yakho izophinde ikhethwe ngesikhathi sokuthayipha kwegazi. I-Rh izici zibhekwa njengento enhle noma engalungile, ngakho-ke uma u-A uhlobo lwegazi, ungaba ngu-A + noma i-A-. Uma u-Rh enhle, ungathola kokubili igazi elihle nelibi. Uma ungekho, ungathola kuphela i-Rh engenayo igazi.
Ukungafani kwe-Rh emkhatsini wegciwane le-donor ne-transfusion kugwenyelwa ukuthayipha igazi, kodwa kwezinye izimo, omama abalindelekile bangabhekana nokungahambisani noHr. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ubaba womntwana enguRh +, lo fetus nguRhe + futhi umama nguRh-. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kungabangela ukushona komntwana, kodwa cishe cishe wonke amacala okungahambisani nawo manje aphathwe ngemigudu ye-RhoGAMM yezokwelapha.
Ama-Universal Donors kanye nabamukeli be-Universal
Umnikeli wendawo yonke ungumuntu onesifo segazi esinganikwa kunoma yisiphi isiguli ngaphandle kokulahla ngenxa yama-antigens angalingani. Ngaphezu kokuba yi-donor yegazi yonke, abanikeli bomhlaba wonke nabo bangabanikeli bomzimba bomhlaba wonke.
Umamukeli wendawo yonke ungumuntu onesifo segazi esivumela ukuba bathole ukumpontshelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi, ngaphandle kokubhekana nokusabela okubangelwa ama-antigens. Bangakwazi futhi ukwamukela ukufakelwa komzimba kusuka kumuntu nganoma iyiphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Ukufaneleka Ukunikezela Igazi
Igazi elinikeziwe lihlale lifunwa futhi kugcinwa ukutholakala okwanele kuncike ekuphepheni komphakathi. Umuntu oyedwa oqala ukunikela ngeminyaka yabo esemusha anganikela ngamagremu angaphezu kwangu-40 egazi lokulondoloza impilo empilweni yabo, okubaluleke kakhulu uma ucabanga ukuthi isisulu esisodwa sokuhlukunyezwa singase siphethwe ngamayunithi amane noma ngaphezulu kwegazi.
Ukuze unikele ngegazi, kufanele ube nempilo enhle, okungenani engu-17 ubudala futhi ungabi nesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-110. Ngaphandle kwezidingo ezincane, i-American Red Cross igcina uhlu lwezimo zokufaneleka (izimo nomlando womphakathi ongavimbela umnikelo).
Ungakhathazeki uma ungaqiniseki uma ufanelekela njengomnikezeli, umhlengikazi esikhungweni sokunikela ngegazi uzoxoxa ngokufaneleka nawe futhi akusize ubone ukuthi uyakwazi yini ukuba umnikeli.
Izimo Ezivimbela I-Blood Donation
- I-HIV
- I-hepatitis
- Ukukhulelwa
- Isifo sofuba
- Fever
- Ukwelashwa Okusebenzayo
- Ukuhambela emazweni okungenzeka ukuvezwa kwe-malaria nezinye izifo
- I-Cancer
I-CDC isanda kushintsha imithetho yabo mayelana nokunikela ngegazi ngamadoda angama-gay. Esikhathini esidlule, amadoda angama-gay ayebhekwa njengengozi enkulu futhi awavunyelwe ukunikela ngegazi kubantu abaningi. Lokhu akusekho iqiniso.
Imithombo
Ingozi Eqhubekayo Yokudluliswa Kwetransmusion-Transmitted Infections. UMnu Blajchman, uC. Vamvakas, uN Eng J J 2006.
Ukufaneleka Okufanelekile. I-American Red Cross.
Izingozi Ezihlobene Nokuguqulwa. Ama-Blood Services e-United.