Ukubukeka kumathe, ukujuluka, uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, nokuningi
Ungase umangale uma ufunda ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamanzi omzimba wethu kunzima kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene namanzi omzimba, ifomu lilandela umsebenzi . Umzimba wethu uhlanganisa lezi ziphuzo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zethu ezingokwenyama, ngokomzwelo nangokwenyama.
Ake sibheke ngokucophelela ukuthi yiziphi izikhukhula zomzimba eziyisishiyagalombili ezenziwe nge: (1) ukuthukumeza, (2) i-CSF, (3) igazi, (4) amathe, (5) izinyembezi, (6) umchamo, (7) imbongolo, kanye (8) ubisi lwebele.
Khupha
Ukushaya isisindo se-thermoregulation-indlela esizipholisa ngayo. I-sweat iphuphuma ebusweni besikhumba sethu futhi iguqa imizimba yethu.
Kungani ungafungi? Kungani ujeziswa kakhulu? Kukhona ukuhlukahluka kokuthi abantu bajuluka kangakanani. Abanye abantu bayajuluka kancane, futhi abanye abantu bajula ngaphezulu. Izinto ezingathinta ukuthi uzikhukhumeza kangakanani zihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo, ubulili, imvelo, kanye nezinga lomzimba.
Nazi ezinye amaqiniso jikelele mayelana nokuthuthumela:
- Amadoda afaka ngaphezulu ngokulingana nabesifazane.
- Abantu abangekho emzimbeni bakhukhumeza kakhulu kunabantu abaphezulu izinga lokuzivocavoca.
- Isimo se-Hydration singathinta ukukhukhuma okuningi okukhiqizayo.
- Abantu abakhulu kunamahlumela kunabantu abakhanyisa ngoba banomzimba omkhulu wokuzipholisa.
I-Hyperhidrosis yisimo sezokwelapha lapho umuntu angakwazi ukukhukhumeza ngokweqile, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphumula noma uma kubanda. I-Hyperhidrosis ingavela yesibili kwezinye izimo, njenge-hyperthyroidism, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza, kanye ne-carcinoid syndrome.
I-Hyperhidrosis yisimo esingenakulungiswa futhi ngesinye isikhathi esinamahloni. Uma usola ukuthi une-hyperhidrosis, sicela uhlangane nodokotela wakho. Kukhona izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, njengeziphikisana nezidakamizwa, imithi, i-Botox, kanye nokuhlinzeka ukususa izigulane ezithuthukisayo ezingaphezulu.
Ukubunjwa kwe-sweat kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nokudla okuneziketshezi, izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu, umswakama, nomsebenzi we-hormonal kanye nohlobo lokuthuthumela (i-eccrine noma i-apocrine).
Ngokuvamile, ukujuluka kuqukethe lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amanzi
- I-sodium chloride (usawoti)
- Urea (umkhiqizo)
- I-albinini (amaprotheni)
- Ama-electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, ne-calcium)
I-sweat eyakhiwe yizikhonkwane ze- eccrine , ezingaphezulu kakhulu, inephunga elimnandi. Kodwa-ke, ukujuluka okukhiqizwa yizigulane ezijule kakhulu ze- apocrine ezise-armpit (axilla) kanye ne-groin kuyinto enhle ngoba iqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezivela ekuqhekekeni kwama-bacterium. Amanoni okuthukuthuka anika ukunambitheka okusawoti. I-pH yemidwebo yokujuluka ephakathi kuka-4.5 no-7.5.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukudla kungathinta ukwakhiwa kwezithukuthuku, futhi. Abantu abasebenzisa i-sodium engaphezulu banokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-sodium ekukhukhuleni kwabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abasebenzisa i-sodium encane yokukhiqiza i-sweat equkethe i-sodium encane.
I-Cerebrospinal Fluid
I-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), egeza ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla, i-fluid ecacile futhi engenambala, enemisebenzi eminingi. Okokuqala, inikeza izakhi zomzimba ebuchosheni nasendlini yomgogodla. Okwesibili, iqeda imikhiqizo yamfucuza kusuka ohlelweni lwezinzwa eziphakathi. Futhi okwesithathu, i-cushions iphinde ivikele isimiso sezinzwa.
I-CSF ikhiqizwa i-plexus ye-choroid. I-plexus ye-choroid iyinethiwekhi yamaseli asezindaweni ze-ventricles zobuchopho futhi ecebile emithanjeni yegazi.
Inani elincane le-CSF lisuselwa emkhawulweni wegazi-lobuchopho. I-CSF yakhiwe ngamavithamini amaningana, ions (ie, usawoti), kanye namaprotheni kufaka okulandelayo:
- I-sodium
- I-Chloride
- Bicarbonate
- I-Potassium (imali encane)
- I-calcium (imali encane)
- I-Magnesium (imali encane)
- I-ascorbic acid (i-vitamin)
- I-Folate (i-vitamin)
- I-thiamine ne-pyridoxal monophosphates (amavithamini)
- I-Leptin (amaprotheni avela egazini)
- I-Transthyretin (amaprotheni akhiqizwa i-plexus ye-choroid)
- Isici sokukhula se-insulini noma i-IGF (eyenziwe yi-plexus ye-choroid)
- Isici se-neutrotrophic esithathwe ubuchopho noma i-BDNF (eyenziwe yi-plexus ye-choroid)
Igazi
Igazi lingumkhuhlane ohamba phakathi kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (cabanga ngamagciwane kanye nemifino).
Iphethe ukudla okunomsoco kanye ne-oxygen kuwo wonke umzimba. Iqukethe:
- I-Plasma: i-liquid ephuzi eliphuzi edala isigaba segazi esiphuthumayo
- Ama-leukocytes: amaseli egazi amhlophe anemisebenzi yomzimba
- I-Erythrocytes: amaseli obomvu egazi
- Ama-platelets: amangqamuzana angenayo i-nucleus ehilelekile ekugubheni
Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, nama-erythrocyte onke avela emnothweni wethambo.
I-plasma yenziwe ngamanzi. Ingqikithi yamanzi emzimbeni ihlukaniswe ngamakamelo amathathu amanzi: (1) i-plasma; 2) uketshezi oluphakathi kwezidakamizwa, noma i-lymph; futhi (3) i-intracellular fluid (amanzi angaphakathi kwamaseli).
I-plasma nayo yenziwa (1) ions noma usawoti (ikakhulukazi i-sodium, i-chloride, ne-bicarbonate); (2) ama-acid e-organic; futhi (3) amaprotheni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukwakheka kwe-ionic ye-plasma kufana nokufana kwamanzi asemzimbeni anjenge-lymph, ne-plasma ene-protein encane kakhulu kune-lymph.
Izimpawu ze-Saliva nezinye zeMucosal
I-salidi empeleni uhlobo lwama-mucus. I-Mucus yi-slime ehlanganisa izitho zangasese futhi iyenziwe ngokufihleka okunamandla, usawoti ongahleliwe, i-leukocyte, kanye namaseli esikhumba (ama-laquamated).
I-sali icacile, i-alkaline, futhi ibukeka kabi. Ifihlwe yi-parotid, izilinganiso ezingezansi, ama-submaxillary, nezinhlayiya ezilinganiselwe kanye nezinye izingqungquthela ezincane ezinamaqabunga. I-enzyme esine-salivary α-amylase inomthelela ekondweni kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathe abila futhi athambisa ukudla.
Ngaphezu kwe-α-amylase, ephula isitashi ibe yi-maltose ushukela, umqubu uqukethe i-globulin, i-serum albin, i-mucin, i-leukoctyes, i-potassium thiocynatate, ne-epithelial debris. Ukwengeza, kuye ngokuthi ukuvezwa, amakhemikhali angatholakala ematheni.
Ukwakhiwa kwamathe kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mucosal secretion kuyahluka ngesisekelo sezidingo zezingosi ezithile ezithintekayo ezimanzi noma ezimanzi. Ezinye imisebenzi ukuthi lezi zikhukhula zisiza ukwenza zifaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukudla okunomsoco
- Ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yemfucuza
- Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi
- Ukuvikelwa ekucindezelekeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nemishini
- Ukuvikelwa kwamagciwane (amabhaktheriya)
I-saliva nezinye izimfihlo zomzimba zihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yamaprotheni afanayo. Lawa maprotheni ahlanganiswe ngokuhlukehlukene emicimbini ehlukene ye-mucosal ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wabo ohlosiwe. Amaprotheni kuphela aqondene namathambo yi-histatins kanye namaphrotheni acebile acline (PRPs).
I-Histatins inezindawo zokulwa ne-antibacterial and antifungicidal. Basiza futhi ukwakha isikhumba, noma isikhumba esincane noma ifilimu, ebeka umlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-histatins yilawo amaprotheni aphikisayo okuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-histamine ngamaseli amancane.
I-Acidic PRPs ematheni igcwele ama-amino acids njenge-proline, i-glycine, ne-glutamic acid. Lawa maprotheni angasiza nge-calcium nezinye i-homeostasis yamaminerali emlonyeni. (I-Calcium iyinhlangano enkulu yamazinyo namathambo.) I-Acidic PRPs inganciphisa izinto ezinobuthi ezitholakala ekudleni. Inothi, ama-PRP ayisisekelo ayitholakali kuphela ematheni kodwa futhi angabonakali emicimbini yezinhlanzi ezincane futhi angasondeli futhi angase aqhubekele imisebenzi eminingi yokuvikela.
Ama-protein amaningi atholakalayo kuwo wonke ama-secretal mucosal anikela emisebenzini evamile kuwo wonke ama-mucosal afana nokugcoba. La maprotheni awela ezinhlokweni ezimbili:
Isigaba sokuqala siqukethe amaprotheni akhiqizwa yizici zofuzo ezifanayo ezitholakala kuzo zonke izigulane ezinama-salivary and mucous: i-lisozyme (i-enzyme) ne-sIgA (i-antibody ene-immune function).
Isigaba sesibili sinamaphrotheni angalingani kodwa kunalokho babelane ngokufana kwezakhi zofuzo nezakhi, njenge-mucins, i-α-amylase (i-enzyme), ama-kallikreins (ama-enzyme), nama-cystatini. Ama-mucini anika amathe kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-mucus i-viscosity yabo, noma ukuqina.
Encwadini ka-2011 eyanyatheliswa kuyi- Proteome Science , u-Ali kanye nababhali be-co-author baqaphela izinhlobo ezingu-55 zama-mucins ezisezingeni lomuntu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama-mucins akha ama-complexes amaningi (ama-high-molecular-weight) ama-glycosylated namanye amaprotheni afana ne-sIgA ne-albin. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zivikela ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukugcina i-viscoelasticity, ukuvikela amangqamuzana avela ezindaweni zomzimba, kanye nama-bacteria acacile.
Izinyembezi
Izinyembezi zihlobo olukhethekile lwe-mucus. Zakhiwa yizigulane ezilahlayo. Izinyembezi zikhiqiza ifilimu evikelayo egcwala iso futhi igubungele uthuli nezinye izinto ezicasulayo. Futhi i-oxygenate amehlo futhi isisize ngokukhipha ukukhanya nge-cornea futhi ingena ku-lens endleleni eya ku-retina.
Izinyembezi ziqukethe ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yamanzi usawoti, amanzi, amaprotheni, lipids, nama-mucins. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingu-1526 zama-protein ezinyembezini. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-serum ne-plasma, izinyembezi azizinzima kakhulu.
Enye iprotheni ebalulekile etholakala ezinyembezini yi-lysozyme enzyme, evikela amehlo ekutheleleni kwebhaktheriya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) yi-immunoglobulin esemqoka etholakala ezinyembezi futhi isebenza ukuvikela amehlo ekulwa nezifo eziphilayo ezihlasela.
I-Urine
I-urine ikhiqizwa izinso. Yenziwe ngokubanzi ngamanzi. Ukwengeza, iqukethe i-ammonia, i-cations (i-sodium, i-potassium, njalonjalo) kanye nama-anion (i-chloride, i-bicarbonate, njalonjalo). I-Urine iqukethe nemithamo yezinsimbi ezisindayo, njengethusi, i-mercury, i-nickel, ne-zinc.
I-Semen
Isisu somuntu ukumiswa kwesidakamizwa kumswakama we-plasma futhi okwakhiwa ngamakhemikhali avela ku-Cowper (bulbourethral) nasezikhungweni zeLittre, i-prostate gland, i-ampulla ne-epididymis, nama-vesicles omzimba. Izimfihlo zalezi zinhlayiya ezahlukene azihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni wonke.
Ingxenye yokuqala ye-ejaculate, eyenza cishe amaphesenti amahlanu wevolumu yenani, ivela ezigodini zeCowper naseLittre. Ingxenye yesibili ye-ejaculate ivela ku-prostate gland futhi yenza amaphesenti angu-15 namaphesenti angu-30 omqulu. Okulandelayo, i-ampulla ne-epididymis yenza iminikelo encane ejaculate. Okokugcina, i-vesicles ye-seminal ifaka lonke i-ejaculate, futhi lezi zimfihlo zakha ingxenye enkulu yevolumu.
I-prostate inikeza ama-molecule, amaprotheni, kanye ne-ions ezilandelayo ukuzalela:
- Citric acid
- I-inositol (i-vitamin-like alcohol)
- I-Zinc
- I-calcium
- I-Magnesium
- I-acid phosphatase (i-enzyme)
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-calcium, i-magnesium, ne-zinc ku-semen kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwamadoda.
I-vesicles ye-seminal inikeza okulandelayo:
- I-ascorbic acid
- Fructose
- I-Prostaglandins (i-hormone-like)
Nakuba iningi le-fructose enesimeni, okuyinto ushukela esetshenziselwa uketshezi lwesidoda, isuselwa ku-vesicles yemithi, kancane kancane i-fructose ifihliwe yi-ampulla ye-ductus deferens. Ama-epididymis anika i-L-carnitine ne-ne-al-glucosidase engathathi hlangothi.
Ubulili yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isilwane sinamandla okubhoboza, okuvumela ukuba silondoloze i-pH eseduze-hlangothi futhi singene emgqonyeni wesibeletho, futhi ikhona ne-pH engathathi hlangothi. Akucaci kahle ukuthi kungani imbewu inamandla okwehla okuphezulu. Ochwepheshe balinganisa ukuthi i-HCO3 / CO2 (i-bicarbonate / carbon dioxide), amaprotheni, kanye nezingxenye ezinzima ze-molecule, njenge-citrate, i-phosphate engenamakhemikhali, ne-pyruvate, konke kufaka isandla ekwenzeni amandla.
I-osmolarity ye-semen iphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu kwe-ushukela (fructose) kanye nosawoti ionic (i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-sodium, njalonjalo).
Izakhiwo zomzimba zesimo zihlukile kakhulu. Uma u-ejaculation, i-semen kuqala ihlanganisa i-gelatinous material. Izinto zokuhlanganisa zifihliwe yi-vesicles yesisu. Leli gelatinous libuye liguqulwe libe yi-liquid ngemva kokuba izici eziqhakazile zivela ku-prostate.
Ngaphandle kokunikeza amandla umuthi, i-fructose nayo isiza ukwakha amaprotheni ezinkimbinkimbi kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-fructose ihlaselwa yinqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-fructolysis futhi iveza i-lactic acid. Isikhumba esidala sikhulu e-lactic acid.
I-volume ye-ejaculate iyaguquka kakhulu futhi incike ekutheni inikezwa ngemuva kokushaya indlwabu noma ngesikhathi se-coitus. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kungathinta ivolumu yamas. Abanye abacwaningi bacatshangisa ukuthi ivolumu yesilinganiso sesilinganiso singama 3.4 mL.
Ubisi Ubisi
Ubisi lwebele lubandakanya konke ukudla okudingekayo umntwana osanda kuzalwa. I-fluid eyinkimbinkimbi ecebile ngamafutha, amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, ama-fatty acids, ama-amino acids, amaminerali, amavithamini, kanye nezici zokulandelela. Iqukethe nezakhi ezihlukahlukene ze-bioactive, njenge-hormone, izici zokulwa namagciwane, ama-enzymes okugaya, izici ze-trophic, kanye nezimo zokukhula kwe-modulator.
Ngibheke phambili
Ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izifo zomzimba ezenziweyo kanye nokufaniswa kwezidakamizwa zomzimba zingaba nezicelo zokwelashwa nokuxilonga. Ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni wemithi yokuvimbela, kunesithakazelo ekuhlaziyeni izinyembezi zezinto eziphilayo ukuze zihlolwe isifo somzimba esomile, i-glaucoma, i-retinopathies, umdlavuza, i-multiple sclerosis, nokuningi.
> Imithombo
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