Umcwaningi we-ASL
Ulimi Lwezandla LwaseMelika (ASL) lungase lungabi nenhlonipho olwenzayo namhlanje, uma kungewona umsebenzi kaWilliam C. Stokoe, Jr. (1919-2000).
Ulimi Lwezandla Ngaphambi Kwe-Stokoe
Ngaphambi kokuba uStokoe aqale umsebenzi wakhe, ulimi lwezandla lwangabonakali njengolimi lwangempela. Kunalokho, kubonwe njengeqoqo lokuthinta okungenasici noma i-pantomime. Lo mbono wawuvimbela ulimi lwezandla ukuba luhlonipheke futhi lungasetshenziswa ekufundiseni izingane eziyizithulu.
(Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi incwadi ethi Deaf Heritage ibonisa ukuthi uStokoe akazange asayine kahle ngaleso sikhathi). Ukungabi nenhlonipho ngolimi lwezandla kwakunciphise ngempela ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngaleso sikhathi. U-Stokoe ngokwakhe ulinganisela ukuthi inani labasebenzisi baseMelika nabaseCanada be-ASL babengabantu abangu-200 000 kuya ku-400,000 kuphela.
U-Stokoe Ufika e-Gallaudet College
Ngo-1955, uStekoe, owayenezibili ze-Bachelor's and Ph.D. isiNgisi, wafika eGallaudet College (manje eyiYunivesithi) ukuzosihlela umnyango waseNgisi. Waba nesithakazelo ku-ASL futhi wahlelwa ukufakazela ukuthi kwakuyilo langempela ulimi. Ngo-1957, uStekoe kanye nabasizi ababili (uCarl Croneberg noDorothy Casterline) baqala ukucubungula abantu basebenzisa ulimi lwezandla. Ukufunda ulimi lwezandla oluqoshiwe, uStokoe neqembu lakhe baveza izakhi zolimi langempela ezisetshenziswayo. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwabo yanyatheliswa ngo-1960 endaweni yokucwaninga, "Isakhiwo soLimi lwezandla."
I-Stokoe Iyaqhubeka Nokucwaninga
Ucwaningo lolimi lwezandla lwaqhubeka, futhi ngo-1965, ithimba lakhe lanyathelisa incwadi ethi A Dictionary of Language Sign Language yaseMelika ngeziNkulumo zoLimi .
Nakuba isakhiwo solimi lwezandla saphuma kuqala, isichazamazwi kwakuyizincwadi ezithatha abantu futhi zenza isithakazelo esakhulayo ngezilimi ze-ASL.
I-Point yokubuka ye-Stokoe
Ukuphikisa kukaStekoe kwakulula. Uthe i-ASL yimizi yomdabu kanye nolimi lwendalo. Umdabu usho ukuthi ulimi olulandelayo lufundwa (kubantwana abazalwa ezindaweni ezisekela ulimi lwezandla).
Ukusho kwemvelo ukuthi ulimi olusetshenzwa nsuku zonke. Umsebenzi kaStokoe wabonisa ukuthi ulimi lwezandla lulimi, futhi namuhla i-ASL ibonakala njengelulwimi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwandeni ekusebenziseni kwayo.
Umsebenzi we-Stokoe wokuPhenya nokuPhala
Ngo-1971, uStekoe wabeka iLayuistic Research Laboratory eGallaudet. Ngomnyaka we-1972, wasungula umagazini wezandla zomhlaba wonke wezandla zolimi lwezandla Sign Language Studies, okwamanje oshicilelwe nguGallaudet University Press. Wayephethe neLinstok Press, eyashicilela izincwadi ngolimi lwezandla.
Ukuhlonipha Stokoe
Ngo-1980, iNational National of the Deaf (NAD) yashicilela uLimi Lwezandla kanye noMphakathi Wezintatheli: Imibuzo Ehloniphekile kaWilliam C. Stokoe . I-NAD yasungula isikhwama seWilliam C. Stokoe Scholarship ukuze kukhuthazwe ucwaningo lwelulwimi lwezandla. Izifundo zolimi lwezandla zihlonishwa yiStokoe ngeziLimi zoLimi lwezandla 1.4, ngo-2001, i-Stokoe ephindaphindiwe iphinda ishicilele izihloko ezinhlanu kanye ne-edit by Stokoe, kufaka phakathi: "Isifundo Nokusetshenziswa koLimi Lwezandla," no "Ulimi Lwezandla ngokubhekiswe kolimi olukhulunywayo." Futhi, uStekoe wayenguProfesa Emeritus e-Gallaudet University. Futhi ngo-1988, wathola udokotela ohloniphekile ovela eGallaudet.
Amabhuku By and About Stokoe
Incwadi yokugcina uStekoe ayesebenza kuyo kwakuyiLimi elisesandleni: Isizathu Sokungena Ngaphambi Kokukhuluma sishicilelwe ngemuva kweGallaudet University Press.
Kule ncwadi, u-Stokoe ubonisa ukuthi inkulumo ayidingekile ngolimi. Enye incwadi ye-Gallaudet University Press, Ukubona uLimi Ngesibonakaliso: Umsebenzi KaWilliam C. Stokoe ungumlando ochaza ubudlelwane bakhe obuvame ukubukeka nabaphathi eGallaudet.
Imithombo:
> Gannon, uJack R. >, Oyizithulu > IGugu, iNational Association of Deaf, 1981. pp. 365-367.
> William C. Stokoe, > ikhasi > kwi-website ye-Gallaudet University Press.