Iqembu lama-80 noma ngaphezulu okugula okubangelwa yi-Immune System Ukungasebenzi
Ngokusho nje, isifo esizimele sihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kabi kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esenza umzimba uhlasele izicubu zawo. Isivikelo somzimba womzimba luyi-network enzima yamaqoqo akhethekile nezinhlaka ezivikela izinto ezingaphandle kanye nabahlaseli. Izinto zangaphandle kanye nabahlaseli zingabandakanya amabhaktheriya, ama-parasites, amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza, nokufakelwa izicubu zomzimba.
Ngokuvamile, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sithinta kuphela izinto zangaphandle kanye nabahlaseli ukuze kuvikelwe umzimba. Ama-antibodies avamile amaprotheni akhiqizwa amasistimu omzimba ukuhlasela abahlaseli bangaphandle.)
Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisebenza kabi, umzimba ulahleka izicubu zawo njengangaphandle futhi ukhiqiza amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba (lymphocytes) kanye nama-autoantibodies ahlose futhi ahlasele lawo mathambo. Impendulo engalungile, ebizwa ngokuthi ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo, ingabangela ukuvuvukala nokulimala komzimba.
I-Autoimmune Reaction
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo kungenzeka kanjani. Ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo kungabangela:
- uma isidakamizwa somzimba esivamile sishintshwa, njengegciwane noma izidakamizwa, okwenza umzimba uqaphele njengangaphandle.
- uma into yangaphandle efana nomuthi ojwayelekile womzimba ingena emzimbeni.
- uma amaseli alawula ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-antibody futhi akhiqize ama-antibodies angavamile ahlasela amangqamuzana omzimba.
- isisetshenziswa somzimba emzimbeni (okungukuthi, umfutho womzimba) sikhishwe emgodleni wegazi, kushukumisa ukusabela okungavamile kwamagciwane. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala.
Ukuzibulala Ngokuzenzakalelayo Akuvamile
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zezifo ezizimele. Izimpawu zithembele ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile.
Kukhona izifo ezizimele ezithinta izinhlobo ezithile zezicubu (isb., Imithwalo yegazi, isikhumba, noma i-cartilage). Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokuzenzakalelayo zingase zibheke isitho esithile. Noma yiluphi uhlaka lungabandakanyeka. Izici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezizimele zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, imisipha yomzimba, ukukhathala, kanye nomkhuhlane ophansi. Ukuvuvukala ngokuvamile kuyisignali yokuqala yesifo esizimele.
Izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalelayo zithinta abantu abangaphezu kuka-23.5 baseMelika, ngokusho komenshealth.gov. I-AARDA.org ithi kunezigidi ezingama-50 zaseMelika eziphila ngesifo esizimele, esingaba ngu-75% abesifazane. Ngenkathi ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokuzenzakalelayo zingavamile, izimo eziningi zivamile. Izifo ezizenzekelayo ngokuzenzakalela zingathinta noma ubani kodwa zikholelwa ukuthi abanye abantu banezici ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa isifo esizimele ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (okusho ukuthi, into ethile iyisisusa). Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa isifo esizimele bahlanganisa:
- abesifazane besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala.
- abantu abanomlando womndeni wezifo ezizimele.
- abantu abanezimo ezithile zokungcoliswa kwemvelo ezingase zibe njengesiqalo.
- abantu bomhlanga othile noma ubuhlanga.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze- arthritis zibhekwa njengezifo ezizimele, kufaka phakathi:
- I-ankylosing spondylitis
- Lupus
- I-rheumatoid arthritis
- I-arthritis yezingane
- Scleroderma
- Dermatomyositis
- Isifo sikaBehcet
- Isifo se-Celiac
- Isifo sikaCrohn / isifo sokulonda kwesilonda
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Isifo se-Reiter (isifo samathambo esisebenzayo)
- Isifo esithinta izicubu
- Isimo sikaRaynaud
- I-giant cell arteritis / arteritis yesikhashana
- I-polymyalgia rheumatica
- I-polyarteritis nodosa
- I-polymyositis
- Takayasu arteritis
- Wegeners granulomatosis
- I-Vasculitis
Ezinye izifo ezizimele zibandakanya i-alopecia areata, i-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, isifo sofuba esingumuthi wesifo sikashukela , uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-1 , isifo se- Graves, i-Guillain-Barre syndrome, isifo sikaHashimoto , i-hemolytic anemia, i-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, isifo sofuba esibulalayo , i- multiple sclerosis , i-myasthenia gravis, i-cirrhosis eyinhloko ye-biliary , i-psoriasis, ne-vitiligo.
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesifo se-syndrome ne- fibromyalgia akubhekwa njengezifo ezizimele. Lokhu kuye kwaba yimbangela yokudideka ngoba ezinye izimpawu zokukhathala okungapheli kanye ne-fibromyalgia zithola izifo eziningana ezizimele.
Kuyinto yokuqwashisa kwezibonakaliso nezinye izifo ezizimele, kanye nezifo ezingezona izifo, ezingakwazi ukuxilongwa inqubo eyingozi. Ngokusho kwe-AARDA.org, iziguli eziningi zezifo ezizimele zihamba iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4 futhi zingabona odokotela abangafika ku-5 ngaphambi kokuba zihlolwe kahle.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezizimele
Ukwelapha kwesifo sokuzimela kuyagxila ekulawuleni ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo nemithi yokuzivikela. I-Corticosteroids ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvuvukala nokucindezela isimiso somzimba. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zixhomeke esibhedlela esithile esizimele. Ngokwesibonelo, izidakamizwa ze-biologic manje sezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuvuvukala kwe-arthritis .
> Imithombo:
> Isifo Sokuzibulala Ngomzimba Kwabesifazane. I-American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association.
> Iphepha Lokusebenza Lokuzibulala Nge-Autoimmune. Womenshealth.gov. NgoJulayi 16, 2012.
> Ukuhlukumeza okuzenzakalelayo. Ama-Merck Manuals. Peter J. Delves, Ph.D.