Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza zinama-tumor markers eziqondile kubo. Yini ngempela okushiwo yi-marker marker? Amakhamera we-tumor yizinto ezitholakala egazini ngamanani aphakeme kunalokho okuvame ukusabalalisa. Lezi zinto zingahle zivela kuma-protein, ama-amino acids, ama-hormone, nama-enzyme. Nakuba zingasetshenziselwa ngokusemthethweni ukuhlola umdlavuza ngokwazo, zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni nasekukhenizweni komdlavuza.
Umdlavuza we-testicular unamakhemikhali amathathu asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile: AFP, hCG, ne-LDH. Lezi zimpawu ze-tumor zingakwazi noma zingenakuphakanyiswa kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza we-testicular.
I-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Njengoba igama libonisa, i-AFP yiprotheni enendima ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komntwana. Indima yawo kubantu abadala ayiqinisekisiwe kodwa iyaqhubeka nokuba khona emazingeni atholakalayo. I-AFP ibalulekile kumdlavuza we-testicular ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-subtypes emibili yomdlavuza we-testicular: seminoma ehlanzekile nonseminoma. Lawa ma-subtypes anama-prognoses ahlukene namaphilisi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ulwazi oludingekayo uma unakekela umdlavuza we-testicular. Ekugcineni, i-subtype ye-tumor inqunywe yi-pathologist ehlola amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, i-AFP iyaqhubeka ibalulekile ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa esikhulu: umdlavuza we-seminoma testicular awukhiqizi i-AFP. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Kusho ukuthi ngisho noma ukukhubazeka kubonisa umdlavuza we-seminoma testicular uma i-AFP iphakanyisiwe, akusiyo imfundo ye-seminoma ehlanzekile futhi ayikwazi ukuphathwa kanjalo. Uma i-AFP ibonakala, kunezinqamuzana ze-nonseminoma ezikhona endaweni ethile, ngisho noma zingabonakali ngokubuyekezwa kwe-pathological.
I-Gonadotropin ye-Chorionic yabantu (hCG)
I-hCG cishe iyaziwa kakhulu ngendima yayo ekukhulelwe.
Kuvame ukukhiqizwa ngamaseli ngaphakathi kwe-placenta futhi ikhuphuke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-hormone ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekhaya kanye nokuhlola kwegazi okwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza we-testicular nawo akwazi ukukhiqiza i-hCG futhi ingabonakala kuzo zombili izingxenye ezincane zomdlavuza. i-hCG yaziwa ngokuba nekhono lokubangela ukwanda kwezicubu zesifuba emadodeni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-gynecomastia, ngakho-ke, kungaba isibonakaliso somdlavuza we-testicular.
I-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
I-LDH yiyona encane kunazo zonke izimbonakaliso ze-tumor. Ngamanye amazwi, kunezinqubo eziningi, ngaphandle komdlavuza we-testicular, ezingabangela ukuthi ziphakanyiswe. Isibonelo, kokubili izifo zesibindi kanye nokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi obomvu zizokwenza ukuba kube phezulu. Kungaphakanyiswa kuzo zombili izingxenye ezisemqoka zomdlavuza we-testicular.
Isicelo nokubaluleka
Abakaki bezinambuzane banezinhloso ezehlukene phakathi nesikhathi sokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokulandela. Uma zixilongwa, zingasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagciwane we- seminoma ne-nonseminoma testicular . Uma ama-marker tumor ehlala ephakanyisiwe ngemuva kokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesichungechunge somdlavuza, singabonisa umdlavuza wokusala kwezinye izindawo nakumakhemikhali, ukuhlinzekwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe kungaboniswa.
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, izimpawu eziphezulu ze-tumor zingase zibe uphawu lokuqala lokuphindaphindiwe komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi emanzini e-nonseminoma.
Kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi abakwa-tumor markers ngokwabo bavame ukubaluleka kakhulu. Kudingeka kucatshangwe kanye nolunye ulwazi olufana nezibonakaliso, izimpawu nezifundo ze-imaging, njenge-CT scans. Amakhamera we-tumor kudingeka ahunyushwe ngobuchwepheshe esimweni esifanele sezinto eziningi. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu okwenziwa ngabachwepheshe be-oncology kuhlanganise ne-oncologists yezokwelapha, i-urologists, nama-oncologists ama-radiation.