I-Cardiac Electrical System nendlela Inhliziyo Eshaya ngayo

Uhlelo lwegesi lwenhliziyo lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Uhlelo lwegesi lusezingeni lokushaya kwenhliziyo (ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha), futhi lihlanganisa futhi lihlele ukushaya kwezinsizwa zenhliziyo, ukuze inhliziyo isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ngenhliziyo ngayinye.

Ukungahleleki esimweni senhliziyo kagesi kungaholela ezinkingeni ngesilinganiso senhliziyo (okusheshayo noma okuncane kakhulu), noma kungaphazamisa ngokuphelele ukusebenza okuvamile kwenhliziyo - ngisho noma imisipha yezinhliziyo nemigodi ngokwayo iyinto evamile.

Ukukhuluma ngesistimu kagesi ye-cardiac kanye nezilinganiso ezingavamile zenhliziyo kungadideka kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngesifo senhliziyo, abantu abaningi bacabanga ngemishanguzo ye-coronary evinjiwe engabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isidingo sokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga zesistimu kagesi zingase zenzeke ngisho noma imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ivamile.

Kuyasiza ukufanekisa inhliziyo yakho njengendlu, kanye nesistimu yakho kagesi kagesi njengokweseyili kagesi ekhaya lakho. Ungase ube nezinkinga ngetambo yakho yendlu ngisho noma ikhaya lakho njengesakhiwo lijwayelekile. Ngokufanayo, inhliziyo yakho ingaba yinto evamile kodwa inkinga kagesi ingase ivele ibangele isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile.

Isifo senhliziyo singabangela ukungajwayelekile esimisweni somgogodla wenhliziyo yakho, njengoba nje indlu eyonakaliswe ngubhubhane noma isikhukhula singase sibe nezinkinga ohlelweni lwegesi. Eqinisweni, ukulimala ohlelweni lwegesi lwenhliziyo ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yokufa okungazelelwe nge-heart attack, ngisho noma umonakalo wenhliziyo obangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo umane nje ulula noma ulinganise. Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza ngemuva kokwenza i-CPR futhi nokufinyelela kuma-defibrillators. Uma isigqi senhliziyo singabuyiselwa, ezinye zalezi zifo zenhliziyo (nezinye izimbangela ze-arrhythmias) ziyasinda.

Ake sibuke indlela uhlelo lwegesi lwenhliziyo olusebenza ngayo ukwenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye, kanye nezimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta ukushayela kwakho.

1 -

Isingeniso kumpawu zeCardiac Electrical Signal

Inhliziyo ikhiqiza isignali yayo kagesi (ebizwa nangokuthi i-electrical impulse), engabhalwa ngokubeka ama-electrodes esifubeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i- electrocardiogram (ECG, noma i-EKG).

Isignali kagesi yomzimba ilawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, njengoba umfutho ngamunye kagesi udala ukushaya kwenhliziyo eyodwa, inani lezimfutho zikagesi linquma izinga lenhliziyo . Futhi okwesibili, njengoba isignali kagesi "isakazeka" kuyo yonke inhliziyo, kubangela ukuba imisipha yezinhliziyo ivumelane ngokulandelana okulungile, ngaleyo ndlela iqondanisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngayinye futhi iqinisekise ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isignali kagesi yenhliziyo ikhiqizwa ngesakhiwo esincane esaziwa ngokuthi i- sinus node , esitholakala engxenyeni engenhla ye-atrium efanele. (I-anatomy yamakamelo enhliziyo nama-valve kufaka ama-atria amabili phezulu kwenhliziyo ngezingxenyana ezimbili ezansi),

Kusukela ku-node yesusus, isignali kagesi isakazeka ngaphesheya kwe-atrium elungile ne-atrium kwesokunxele (amakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyweni), okwenza kokubili i-atria ukuba ivumelane, futhi iphoqe umthwalo wayo wegazi ezingxenyeni zangakwesokudla nezingakwesokunxele (ngezansi ezimbili amakamelo enhliziyo). Isignali kagesi ibuye idlule nge- node ye - AV eya kuma-ventricles, lapho kubangelwa ukuthi i-ventricles ivumelane.

2 -

Izingxenye zeMpawu zeCardiac Electrical Signal

Umdwebo 1: Izingxenye zesistimu kagesi yenhliziyo kuhlanganise ne-node yesusus (SN) ne-nrio atrioventricular (i-AV node) iboniswe lapha. Kusukela kwombono kagesi, inhliziyo ingacatshangwa ngokuthi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-atria (amakamelo angaphezulu), kanye nama-ventricles (amakamelo aphansi). Ukuhlukanisa i-atria kusuka kuma-ventricles kuyisithi "i-diski" enamandla. Le diski (ebhalwe nge-AV disk esithombeni), ivimbela ukuhamba kwesignali kagesi phakathi kwe-atria nama-ventricles. Indlela kuphela isignali engayithola kusuka i-atria kuya ventricles kungukuthi i-AV node. Kulesi sibalo:

• I-SN = i-sinus node
• I-AVN = i-AV node
• I-RA = i-atrium elungile
• LA = i-atrium esele
• RV = i-ventricle efanele
• I-LV = i-ventricle eshiya
• I-TV = i-valve e-tricuspid (i-valve ehlukanisa i-atrium efanele ukusuka kwe-ventricle efanele)
• I-MV = i-valve mitral (i-valve ehlukanisa i-atrium kwesokunxele ukusuka kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele)

3 -

I-Cardiac Electrical Signal Isakazeka Kuyo yonke i-Atria

Umdwebo 2: Umfutho wegesi uvela ku-node yesinus. Ukusuka lapho, landa phakathi kokubili kwe-atria (kuboniswe imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esithombeni), okwenza ukuba i-atria ivumelane. Lokhu kubhekiselwa ekuthiwa "ukuphulukiswa kwama-atrial."

Njengoba umfutho wegesi udlula e-atria, kudala umshini okuthiwa "P" ku-ECG. (I-wave ye-P iboniswa umugqa obomvu obomvu ku-ECG ehlangothini lwesobunxele).

I-Sinus bradycardia ("isibindi" isho ukuphuza) iyimbangela evamile kakhulu yenhliziyo ephansi, futhi ibangelwa ukudubula kweNode yaseNingizimu Afrika ngenani elincishisiwe. I-Sinus tachycardia ("i-tachy" isho okusheshayo) ibhekisela esilinganisweni senhliziyo esheshayo futhi ingabangelwa yi-SA node yokudubula ngenani elikhulayo.

4 -

I-Cardiac Electrical Signal ifinyelela ku-AV Node

Umdwebo 3: Uma ugagasi lugesi lufika ku-disc, liyekile, ngaphandle kwe-AV node. Umfutho uhamba nge-noode ye-AV kancane kancane. Umzila obomvu obomvu ku-ECG kule sibalo ubonisa isikhashana se-PR.

5 -

I-Cardiac Electrical Signal iyaphuma kwi-Ventricles

Umdwebo 4: Uhlelo oluthile lokuqhutshwa kwe-AV luqukethe i-AV node (AVN), "isithandwa sakhe," namagatsha okuhamba ngakwesokunxele nesokunxele (RBB noLBB). I-node ye-AV iqhuba umfutho wegesi kancane kancane futhi idlulisela esihlalweni saKhe (esabizwa ngokuthi "i-hers"). Isibopho Sakhe singena ku-AV disk, sidlulisele isignali emagatsheni angakwesokudla nesokunxele. Amagatsha wesokudla kanye nesobunxele, abuye athumele umshini kagesi kuma-ventricle angakwesokudla nangakwesokunxele, ngokulandelana. (Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi i-LBB ngokwayo ihlukana phakathi kwe-fascicle yangaphakathi kwesokunxele (i-LAF) ne-fascicle yangemva kwesobunxele (LPF).

Ngenxa yokuthi umfutho uhamba kancane kancane nge-node ye-AV, kunomzuzwana emisebenzini kagesi ku-ECG, okubhekwa njengengqamuzana le-PR. (Isikhathi se-PR siboniswa ku-ECG ku-Figure 3). Le "khefu" esenzweni ivumela i-atria ukuthi ivumelane ngokugcwele, ichithe igazi layo ezingxenyeni zegazi ngaphambi kokuba izingqimba ziqale ukuvumelanisa).

Izinkinga noma yikuphi kulo mzila kusuka ku-node ye-AV kungabangela ukungalingani ku-ECG (nesigqi senhliziyo).

I-AV block ( inhliziyo block ) ingenye yezimbangela ezimbili ezibangela izinga eliphansi le-heart (bradycardia). Kuneziqu ezihlukahlukene, nge-heart-degree block eyinhloko kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile idinga i-pacemaker.

I-block block ebuchosheni ivela egatsheni elihle lesigatshana noma egatsheni lesishiyagalombili, nalabo abasesigatsheni sesobunxele esivundvweni ngokuvamile bayathinta kakhulu. Izithiyo zegatsha zesikhwama zingase zenzeke ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyenzeka lapho inhliziyo ibhujiswe ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo noma ezinye izimo zenhliziyo. Eqinisweni, igatsha lesobunxele elisuka kwesifo senhliziyo yisisusa esibalulekile sokufa okungazelelwe komzimba.

6 -

I-Cardiaac Signal Signal Isakazeka Ngaphakathi Nezinguquko

Umfanekiso wesi-5: Lesi sibalo sikhombisa ukufakela kagesi okusabalala kuzo zonke izingxenyana zokungakwesokunxele nezingakwesokunxele, okwenza la makamelo asebenze. Njengoba isibonakaliso sogesi sihamba phakathi kwezinguquko, sakha i- "QRS complex" ku-ECG. Inkimbinkimbi ye-QRS iboniswa ngomugqa obomvu obomvu ku-ECG ngezansi.

Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lwegesi lwenhliziyo lubangela ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo ivumelane futhi ithumele igazi kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba (nge-ventricle kwesokunxele) noma kumaphaphu (nge-ventricle efanele).

Ngezansi ku-Cardiac Electrical System kanye Nomsebenzi Wezinhliziyo

Kusukela ekuqalisweni kwenhliziyo e-SA node, ngokuqhekeka kwama-ventricles, uhlelo lwe-cardiac kagesi lubangela inhliziyo ukuba ivumelane ngendlela ehlelekile, ikhulise ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo yokushaya.

> Imithombo:

> Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, et al. Imikhombandlela ye-Acc / Aha ye-electrocardiography ehlukumezayo: Isifinyezo esiphezulu nezincomo. Umbiko We-American College Of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force On Iziqondiso Zokuzikhandla (Ikomidi Lokubukeza Imikhombandlela Ye-Electrocardiography Eyingozi). Ukujikeleza kuka-1999; 100: 886.

> Fogoros RN, Mandrola JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo yenhliziyo: Izimiso eziyisisekelo. Ku: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electrophysiologic kaFogoros. UWiley Blackwell, ngo-2017.