Amasu Okusiza Ukuthola Nokuvikeleka Okuvikelekile
Umshwalense wokuphila kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela abathandekayo bakho uma kwenzeka ushona. Ukuthola inqubomgomo engabizi kungase kube yinselele uma usukhulile noma ungenalo impilo engcono kakhulu. Kwabanye abanesimo esingapheli noma esandulele, singabonakala singenakwenzeka.
Kunjalo nangabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu onempilo noma ukuthi unomthelela kangakanani ekwelapheni, izinketho zakho namuhla zimbalwa futhi zibiza ngokuphindaphindiwe kunokuba umuntu olinganiselwe kulindeleke akhokhe.
Akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola umshuwalense wokuphila; Kwezinye izimo, ungakwazi. Kodwa iqiniso elibi ukuthi umshuwalense wokuphila nge-HIV ungabiza kakhulu, ngisho nokukhululeka, okwenza ingxabano ingabi nakakhulu mayelana nokufinyeleleka kodwa kungabi khona.
Umshwalense Wokuphila Njengobandlululo?
Ake siqale ngokutshela njengokuthi: Umshuwalense uhlale unecala. Izinkampani zomshuwalense zisekela izindleko neziqu zabo ngenhlekelele engokoqobo, zidweba umdwebo wezibalo ngokuqondene nokuthi ubani futhi ongeyingozi. Abakubheki njengomuntu oyedwa kepha kunalokho i-amalgam yezinto ezingenza ukuthi ufe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi eside futhi esifushane kuso ukuthi umshuwalense wokuphila ngumdlalo wokubheja, futhi, kubaningi bomshuwalense, abantu abane-HIV bamane nje bebheja elibi.
Kodwa ingabe lokhu kubonakalisa amaqiniso noma i-bias engenasisekelo ehlukumeza ngokugcwele bonke abantu abane-HIV? Uma sibheke ngokulinganayo izibalo zokusinda , siyazi lokhu ngokuqinisekile:
- Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eNyakatho Melika le-AIDS Cohort Cooperation on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD), oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, umuntu onesandulela ngculaza onokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane manje angalindela ukuba aphile eminyakeni yawo-70 ubudala.
- Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2014 yi-Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) lwasekela ngokuqhubekayo lezo zimangalo, eziphetha ngokuthi abantu abaqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha (uma inani labo le- CD4 lingaphezu kuka-350) kufanele bakwazi ukuphila isikhathi esilinganayo noma esikhulu kunaleyo umphakathi jikelele.
Ngokuqhathanisa, abantu ababhemayo bahlaba iminyaka engu-10 beshiya impilo yabo . Nakuba lokhu kungaphakamisi ukuthi ngeke bahlawuliswe ngabanomshwalense, ngeke bavinjelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo noma bahambisane nezinkokhelo eziphezulu ezisesibhakabhakeni ezingenaso ukubhema ne-HIV.
Okwenza Abanikazi Bamashuwalense Bakwenqaba Ukumboza Abantu abane-HIV
Abashuwalense abakuboni ngendlela efanayo. Inhloso yabo ukuphatha izingozi kanye nokungaqiniseki okungathinta zombili izinhlangothi zesabelomali, futhi kubo, izibalo zibhekene kakhulu nabantu abane-HIV. Cabanga ngalokhu:
- Naphezu kokuzuza esikhathini sokuphila, abantu abanesandulela ngculazi baningi amathuba okuthola izifo ezingahlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculaza eminyakeni engakafiki nabangane babo abangenalo igciwane. Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, isibonelo, kuvame ukubonwa eminyakeni engu-16 ngaphambi kwalokho kunabantu abaningi, kanti izinkinga ezingekho ngaphansi kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi zikhona lapho zivela khona kusukela eminyakeni engu-10 ukuya kwengu-15 ngaphambili.
- Nakuba izilingo zokuphila ezivamile ziye zatholakala ngenxa yokwelashwa kokuqala kwama-antiretroviral , kukhona i-gap enkulu kakhulu inani labantu abakwazi ukugcina umthamo wegciwane elingenakutholakali. Namuhla, kuphela amaphesenti angaba ngu- 30 alabo abatholakala abanesandulela ngculaza abakwazi ukufeza ukucindezelwa kwegciwane, kuyilapho abangaphansi kwesigamu behlala benakekelwa ngemuva kokuxilongwa.
Ekugcineni, ababheki bomshuwalense bathi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "umuntu omuhle" ungubani, ngeke bakwazi ukulawula into eyodwa ehlobene nokuphila okude-noma ngabe umuntu uyothatha amaphilisi akhe noma cha.
Ngandlela-thile, i-argument engaphelelwe isikhathi inikezwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kusebenza kakhulu futhi "ukuthethelela" kunokudlula. Noma kunjalo, emehlweni omshuwalense, ukuphathwa okungapheli kwesifo kufaka igciwane lesandulela ngculazi esigabeni esifanayo njengabantu abaphila nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukugubha.
Umehluko kuphela awudingeki ukuba ugula kusukela esimweni esingapheli okumele uvinjelwe ekutholeni umshuwalense; uvele ube ne-HIV.
Umshuwalense Wonke Wokuphila Nabo Bonke Abantu abane-HIV
Namuhla, kukhona inkampani eyodwa yomshuwalense e-US enikeza ukuhlinzekwa kokuphila okuphelele kanye nokwedlula isikhathi kubantu abane-HIV.
Eqanjwe ngokubambisana ne Fortune 500 enkulu ye-Prudential Financial, i-AEQUALIS yinhlangano emele ngokugxila ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zezimali emiphakathini engahlali kahle ephila nalesi sifo.
I-AEQUALIS okwamanje inikeza izimoto ezine zomshuwalense ezahlukene, ngayinye enezinkinga ezahlukene, ukulinganiselwa, kanye nemigomo yokufaneleka:
- Ngomunye umshwalense wokuphila wangomunye nomunye unomphela wokuthola imali kusuka ku-$ 100,000 kuya ku-$ 4,000,000
- Umshuwalense wesikhashana esiphuthumayo ongadingi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzekwa kokuphakathi kuka $ 25,000 no-$ 300,000
- Ukukhishwa kwesikhashana yonke inshuwalense yempilo, kubhekwa njengenqubomgomo yokuqala, enikeza ukufaka phakathi kuka-$ 5,000 no-$ 35,000 ngokungenakukhuphuka kokukhokhwa kwe-premium
- Umshuwalense wokuphila wesikhashana esenziwe lula ongekho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha noma umsebenzi webhu onokuqala kusuka ku-$ 25,000 kuya ku-$ 350,000
Njengoba kuhle konke lokhu kuzwakale, kunezinhlaka ezimbalwa ezifanele ukuphawula:
- Okokuqala, lindela iphrimium enkulu. Ekuhambiseni isaphulelo somgomo womshuwalense wokuphila unomphela, sicele amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-250 ukuba ahlinzekwe umuntu oneminyaka engu-55 ubudala one-HIV ekwelapheni owayengenalo umlando wokugula, engabhemi nomthwalo ongasenakulinganiswa wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ukucaphuna ucingo kwakungaphezu kuka-$ 650 ngenyanga, noma cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu lokho indoda ezokhokhiswa uma engenayo i-HIV.
- Okwesibili, indlela yokwamukelwa akulula njengokuzwakalayo. Amafulege abomvu, ngokwesibonelo, azovuswa uma uke waba nokuhluleka kokwelapha noma uhlale ngaphesheya isikhathi eside. Kusebenza okufanayo uma inani lakho le-CD4 lingakaze libe ngaphansi kuka-200, uma une-hepatitis B noma C (ngisho noma uphathwe ), noma uma uke waba nokutheleleka okunomthelela omkhulu .
Ngenkathi ungabaluleki ngokweqile lezi zinto, kungenzeka kube khona indlela yokuyifihla. Ngisho noma ngabe ukhethe "akukho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha" inqubomgomo, akufanele ucabange ukuthi umshuwalense uzokuthatha ngezwi lakho.
Uma usuqedile ukuxoxwa kokuqala, isinyathelo esilandelayo kungaba ukuhlola isheke nge- Medical Information Bureau (MIB) bese ucela ukuqinisekiswa komlando wakho wezokwelapha kusuka kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko. Ukuze uvunyelwe, kuzodingeka ungene ngemvume ekufinyeleleni kulawa namanye amafayela wezokwelapha.
Nakuba ube nefulegi elibomvu akusho ukuthi uzophikwa, kungakwandisa i-premium yakho yenyanga noma ukunciphisa ukufinyelela kwakho kwimikhiqizo ethile yomshuwalense.
Ezinye Izinketho Zomshuwalense Wokuphila
Uma izinhlobo zamasiko zomshuwalense wokuphila zingatholakali kuwe, kusekhona izinketho eziningi ongazihlola. Ngokuvamile, ngeke bakunikeze ngenzuzo ephakeme yokufa njengenqubomgomo ngayinye, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ngokwanele ukumboza izindleko ezithile (njengezindleko zomngcwabo noma ezemfundo) uma ufa.
Phakathi kwezinketho ezinamandla kakhulu:
- Umshuwalense wokuphila weqembu eliqashiwe ngumqashi unganikezwa yinkampani yakho, kwezinye izimo zomsebenzi noma womlingani womsebenzi. Izinzuzo zokufa ziphakathi kuka-R10 000 kumsebenzi kanye no-$ 5,000 kumlingani wakho. Njengenhlangano yeqembu, izindleko zivame ukuba nezithengeka kakhulu.
- Umshuwalense wokuphila ngokuzithandela ovela kumqashi wakho ungenye indlela enikezwa izinkampani ezinkulu, okuvumela abasebenzi (futhi ngezinye izikhathi labo abashade nabo) ukutholakala kokuphila ngaphandle kobufakazi bokungaqiniseki. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zinikeza izinzuzo zokufa ezifika ku-$ 100,000.
- Umshwalense oqinisekisiwe umshuwalense wokuphila (owaziwa nangokuthi izinqubomgomo zokwamukelwa okuqinisekisiwe) zincane, izinqubomgomo zokuphila ezigcwele izinzuzo zokufa ezivela ku-$ 5,000 kuya ku-25,000. Ngokujwayelekile, ayikho imibuzo yezempilo nokuvunywa kuqinisekisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-premium azoba nezinzuzo eziphakeme futhi ezigcwele ngeke avame ukukhahlela kuze kube yinye noma emibili emva koLusuku Oluphumelelayo.
Uma zonke ezinye izinketho zihluleka, ungafaka isicelo sokuhlelwa komngcwabo okhokhelwa ngaphambilini (owaziwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokudinga usizo ngaphambi). Lezi zidayiswa ikakhulukazi emakhaya okungcwaba futhi zikuvumela ukuba ukhokhe noma isamba semali noma isitifiketi. Amanye amakhaya omngcwabo azobeka imali yakho esikhwameni sokukhokha esabangela ukukhululwa ekufeni kwakho; omunye uzothatha inqubomgomo yomshuwalense ebiza ngokuthi ungumzuzi.
Ingabe Udinga Umshwalense Wokuphila?
Uma ubhekana nokuphika inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wokuphila, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukuguqula ukugxila kwakho ekuhlelweni komhlalaphansi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma uphilile futhi usasebenza.
Izinhlangano eziningi ziye zaqala ukunikeza izinhlelo ezibhekana nokuhlala kahle kwezezimali zesikhathi eside zabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Omkhulu phakathi kwabo yiManhattan-based New York Life, okwaqala ngo-2013 isinyathelo esithi "Ukuhlela Okuhle" ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abangu-11 000 ngezidingo zezimali ze-HIV.
Izinhlangano eziningi ze-HIV ezisekelwe emphakathini zinikeza izinhlelo ezifanayo, okuvumela amakhasimende ukuba abe khona emininingwaneni yamahhala noma ukuhlangana nabachwepheshe bezezimali ngesisekelo esisodwa. Ungahlola futhi namakolishi omphakathi wendawo, eziningi zazo ezinikeza izifundo ngokuhlela umhlalaphansi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungathola umshuwalense wokuphila noma cha, into enenzuzo kakhulu ongayenza ukulungiselela isikhathi esanele kusengaphambili ukubhekana nazo zonke izici zomhlalaphansi wakho, hhayi nje ukufa kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "I-CDC Fact Sheets | I-HIV e-United States: Izinyathelo Zokunakekela ." I-Atlanta, Georgia; eshicilelwe ngoJulayi 2012.
> Hasse, B ,; Ledergerber, B .; U-Egger, M., et al. "Ukuguga kanye nokungahambisani negciwane lesandulela-ngculazi kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza: Isifundo seSwitzerland Cohort (SHCS)." Ingqungquthela ye-18 yama-Retrovirus kanye nezifo ezivame ukubhekana nezifo (i-CROI) eBoston, eMassachusetts; ngoFebhuwari 27-Mashi 2, 2011 ; abstract 792.
> Hogg, R .; I-Althoff, K .; I-Samji, H .; et al. "Ukwandisa esikhathini sokuphila phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo abane-HIV e-United States naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Ingqungquthela yePathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. I-Kuala Lumpur, e-Malaysia. Juni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.
> Jha, P .; Ramasundarahettige, C .; I-Landsman, i-V .; et al. "Izingozi Zama-21 Zokubhema Nezinzuzo Zokuphela E-United States." I-New England Journal of Medicine. 2013; 368: 341-350.
> Sabin, C. "Ingabe abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza banesikhathi sokuphila okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-antiretroviral?" I-Medicinal Central Medicine . 2013; 11: 251.