Ngokuphathelene nokuguga, i-cataract i-clouding ye-lens yeso. I-cataract yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile kunama-55. Abaningi asebekhulile bakhula i-lens clouding, okuyingxenye evamile yokuguga. Uma uzibuza ukuthi kunjani ukuthi ube ne-cataract, cabanga ngokubheka ngefasitela ephazamisekile, efiphele. Ama-cataracts enza insimu yakho ebonakalayo ibonakale ingenangqondo noma ifinyelelekile.
Izimpawu
Ama-cataracts awabuhlungu. Ngokuvamile baqala njengendawo encane, opaque bese bekhula kancane kancane. Umbono awuvame ukuthintwa kuze kube yilapho indawo enkulu yelensi iphenduka. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingenzeka nge-cataracts:
- Umbono ophundlekile
- Ukuzwela okukhanya
- I-Halos izibani eziseduze
- Umbono wobusuku obunzima
- Ukuphuka noma ukuqubuka kombala wombala
- Umbono kabili
- Izinguquko kumuthi wokugqoka we-eyewear
Izimbangela
I-cataract ithinta i- lens iso. I-lens itholakala ngemuva kwe-iris. Inesibopho sokugxila ekukhanyeni kwe-retina, nokukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile, ezibukhali. I-lens inamandla okuguqula isimo, eyaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala. Nokho, njengoba amehlo ekhula, i-lens iyanzima futhi ilahlekelwe ikhono layo lokubamba.
I-lens yonke iqukethe ngaphakathi kwe-capsule lens. Njengoba amehlo ekhula, amangqamuzana afile aqoqa i-capsule lens, okwenza ukuba lens ibe kancane. Ukukhanya okuvame ukuba kugxilwe yi-lens kuhlakazeke nxazonke ngenxa ye-Cloudiness, ngakho umbono awusekho ocacile futhi obukhali.
Izinhlobo
I-lens inezinhlaka ezintathu: ungqimba lwangaphandle (i-capsule), ungqimba ongaphakathi (i-cortex) nesendlalelo sangaphakathi (i-nucleus). Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-cataracts, ezihlukaniswe yingxenye yelensi esithintekile.
- Nyukliya: Lezi zindlela ze-cataract phakathi nendawo ye-lens. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo futhi kuvame ukubonakala.
- Ama-cortical: Amafomu e-cortical actic cortex we-lens, eqala ngemifantu emhlophe ehamba phambili phambi kwe-lens. Lezi zinambuzane zivame ukubonakala ezigulini zesifo sikashukela.
- I-Subcapsular: Lezi zinhlobo ze-cataracts ngemuva kwe-lens futhi ngokuvamile zithinta iso elilodwa kunelilodwa.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Ingozi ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokuthuthukisa i-cataracts iguga. I-clouding lens yeso iyimvelo njengoba iso likhula. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-cataracts zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Isifo sikashukela
- Ukuhlinzwa kweso
- Umlando womndeni we-cataract
- Ukubhema
- Imithi ethile
- Ukuvezwa kwe-UV
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kweso
(Ezinye izilonda zitholile, okusho ukuthi zakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma zisencane.)
Ukuxilongwa
Izivivinyo ezilandelayo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole izifo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-acuity ebonakalayo: Udokotela wezilanga uzokala ubukhali bombono wakho ngokufunda izincwadi eshadini elikude.
- Ukuhlola ukukhanya kwesibani: isibani esinqabile yi-biomicroscope eqondile ukuhlola ingxenye yangaphambili yeso. Lapho umfundi ehlanjululwa, i-cataract ingabonwa kalula kalula.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Retinal: Ngemva kokuphucula amehlo akho, udokotela uzosebenzisa i-lens yokukhulisa ukuze ahlole ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwamehlo. Ama-lens azofundwa ngezibonakaliso zengozi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tonometry: Kusisiza ukuthi sinqume ukuthi kukhona yini ukunyuka kweso lengcindezi yamehlo engabangelwa yi-cataracts.
Izinqubo ezingeziwe zingenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izidakamizwa ezibandakanya ukuhlola ukulinganisa ukukhanya nokuqhathanisa ukuzwela, umbono webusuku, umbono wombala kanye nombono wesiphambano.
Ukwelapha
Ezinye izidakamizwa azidingi ukwelashwa, njengoba zihlala ziyingcosana futhi zithinta kancane umbono. Abanye abantu bathola ngcono ngokugqoka izibuko ezinamandla, besebenzisa izinyembezi zokufakelwa, ukugcoba amalensi ukuze kunciphise ama-glare, futhi bagqoke izibuko zokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezinokulahleka kombono ophawulekayo ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezinkulu zingase zikhethe ukuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa yilapho kuphela ukwelashwa kwe-cataracts. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cataract kuhilela ukususa i-lens encane futhi ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo. Udokotela wakho uzothatha isinqumo uma ngabe i-lens kuphela kufanele isuswe (ukuhlinzwa okungeyona extracapsular) noma uma yonke i-capsule lens kufanele ishintshwe (ukuhlinzwa kwangaphakathi kwe-intracapsular).
Izwi elivela
Uma unombono ophuthumayo, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuhlolisisa amehlo okuphelele ukucacisa imbangela. Ukubhekwa komzimba kungase kubangele izinkinga zakho ezibukwayo, kodwa ezinye izifo zamehlo zingabangela nombono ohlangene. Udokotela wakho wezilanga uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana zokuhlola ukuhlola impilo yonke yamehlo akho. Izinkinga eziningi zamehlo zingavinjelwa noma zilungiswe uma zibonwa kusenesikhathi.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi uthola ukuthi unezinkinga, akusho ukuthi ngokushesha udinga ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Abantu abaningi baphila ngobumnene iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, uma i-cataract inzima kakhulu, ngokuvamile ayikhokheli ukulinda isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa uma kuthinta umbono. Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisiwe nazo zithwala izinkinga eziningi ngesikhathi sokususwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Umthombo: Boyd, Kierstan, EyeSmart, "Iyini Ingozi?" I-American Academy of Ophthalmology, 15 Novemba 2016.