I-Fluoride kanye ne-Fluoridated Water's Link kuya kwiSifo Se-Thyroid
I-fluoridation yamanzi ichazwa ngokuthi ukwengezwa kwamakhemikhali e-industries-grade fluoride - ngokuvamile i-hydrofluorosilicic acid noma i-sodium i-fofluoride - ekuhlinzekeni kwamanzi, ngenhloso yokusiza ukuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amanzi angu-70% e-United States aphethwe yi-fluoridated. Lokhu kuqhathanisa nezizwe eziningi ezithuthukile, kuhlanganise lonke laseJapane futhi iningi leYurophu yaseYurophu, elingenayo izinhlelo zokufiphala.
Ukushintsha kwamanzi kwamanzi wendawo e-United States sekuye kwaba yinkinga yomphakathi eqhubekayo enokuphikisana kwezinye izindawo, futhi izimpikiswano ezinamandla zenzeka emiphakathini ecubungula ukuchithwa kwe-fluoridation, futhi kwezinye izimo, izishoshovu ezizama ukuqeda izinhlelo ezikhona ze-fluoridation.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngalolu daba kukhona ososayensi be-flu-fluation - kanye nabaqeqeshi bezinyosi nezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi - abaphikelela ukuthi uketsheziza kwamanzi ngokuvamile kuphephile. Isikhundla sabo ukuthi i-fluoridation yamanzi-kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-fluoride yokugcoba ngamazinyo kanye nama-rinses omlomo - kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusabalalisa kwezigxobo. (1) Ngokusho kwe-American Dental Association (ADA), amanzi e-fluoridation anciphisa ukubola kwamazinyo ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-40. Abagqugquzeli be-fluoridation bathi umphumela owodwa obi kakhulu we-fluoridation ingozi ye-fluorosis yamazinyo, ukuchithwa kwezinyosi zamazinyo ezenzeka ngamazinga aphezulu okuvezwa kwe-fluoride, futhi akuyona ingozi yempilo, kuphela inkinga yezithokozi.
Ama-dental fluorosis kucatshangwa ukuthi athinte kancane kancane kunomunye wesine wabantu abaneminyaka engama-6 kuya ku-49. (3) Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazinga e-fluoride ne-fluorosis kuye kwacutshungulwa, ukuthola ukuthi amazinga e-fluoride exposure anganciphisa noma aqede le mphumela ohlangothini. Ngo-2006, ikomidi leNational Research Council elinamalungu angu-12 laphakamisa ngokuvumelana ukuthi izinga eliphakeme le-4 mg / L lokuhlushwa kwe-fluoride emithonjeni yamanzi liyancipha.
Ngokulandelayo, i-World Health Organization yasungula isikhombimsebenzisi sezinga eliphezulu lokuhlushwa kwe-1.5 mg / L ye-fluoride emanzini okuphuza njengendlela yokugwema ukushisa. (4)
Abaphikisi bokuthi ama-fluoride athi izinzuzo ze-fluoride zikhulu kakhulu ohlwini lwezingozi zempilo ezihamba ngaphezu kwe-fluorosis. Bathi izinzuzo zokulwa namagciwane e-fluoride ziyiqiniso, ukuthi ucwaningo aluhambisani nanoma yini (noma luye lwahlekelwa yithonya lembonini yamazinyo). Abaphikisi baphinde bathi ukulwa kwamagundane kubangelwa ukuvezwa kwama-topical nokuthi ukungenisa kwe-fluoride akudingekile. Bathi ukungcola ngokweqile akukwazi ukugwema uma i-fluoride isemanzini nokuthi lokhu kuvezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvumela i-fluoride ukuba iqoqe emzimbeni, lapho ingalimaza ubuchopho, i-IQ engezansi, ibe nomphumela we-neurotoxic, futhi idale umuthi, phakathi kwamanye amaningi imiphumela yempilo. (5)
Enye yezindaba eziphikisana kakhulu kunomthelela we-fluoride kwi-gland yegciwane. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, i-fluoride isetshenzisiwe ngokwemithi njengemithi ephikisana ne-thyroid , ukunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane kumaziguli we-hyperthyroid . I-fluoride itholakala ukuthi iyasebenza ekucindezeleni noma ekunciphiseni umsebenzi we -roid, ngokusho kocwaningo, futhi umthamo owudingekayo ukunciphisa umsebenzi we -roid wawuphansi - 2 kuya ku-5 mg ngosuku ngosuku lwezinyanga.
(6)
Abaphikisi be-fluoridation yamanzi bakhathazeka ukuthi amazinga e-fluoride asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo se- thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile afana nezinga elifanayo lokungcola (1.6 kuya ku-6.6 mg / ngosuku) okulinganiselwa kubantu abahlala emiphakathini enezidingo zamanzi abizayo.
Nakuba izifundo eziningi zingatholakali ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo se-fluoride nesifo se-thyroid, ezinye izifundo (7) zithole ukuthi i-fluoride ingabangela ushintsho ku-thyroid, kufaka phakathi
- kunciphise amazinga we-T3
- ukwandisa amazinga we-TSH
- ukukhuliswa kwe-thyroid (goiter)
Yini Okufanele Abaguli Be-Thyroid Bakwenze?
Le mpikiswano mayelana nokushisa kwe-fluoridation iye yahlaselwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 futhi cishe izoqhubeka esikhathini esizayo.
Ngezifundo eziphikisanayo kanye nokuthola okungaqondakali kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, kuyacaca ukuthi impikiswano mayelana nomthelela we-fluoridation empilweni yegciwane izoqhubeka amashumi eminyaka ezayo, njengoba ochwepheshe bezinhlangothi zombili zenkinga bekhomba ucwaningo olusekela izikhundla nezinhloso zabo.
Okwamanje, iziguli ze-thyroid kufanele zenzeni?
Njengesiqalo, ungahlala unolwazi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane ye-pro-fluoride, ikhasi lokuqala lokuqala yi-American Dental Association's Fluoride and Fluoridation page. Omunye wemithombo engcono kakhulu yolwazi mayelana nokuphikisana ne-fluoridation yi-Allude Action Alert, eholwa nguDkt. Paul Connett.
Ngokuqinisekile, iziguli ze-thyroid zinezinketho zokulandela izincomo ze-ADA kanye namaCent for Control Disease Control (CDC), futhi uqhubeke nokudla amanzi aphethwe ngamanzi abizayo , futhi usebenzise imikhiqizo yamazinyo e-fluoride.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele isixwayiso se-CDC mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwefomula lesana elibuyiswa kabusha ngamanzi abizayo. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, uma lokho kungumthombo wodwa womsoco, "kungase kube khona amathuba okwandisa ama-dental fluorosis. Ukuze unciphise leli thuba, abazali bangasebenzisa amanzi aphansi ngamabhodlela ama-bottle ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuxuba ifomula lebantwana; Amanzi amabhodlela abizwa ngokuthi a-ionized, ahlanzekile, ahlaselwe phansi, noma ahlukaniswe. " (8)
Ungase futhi uthande ukuthola ukuthi i-fluoride ingakanani emanzini wakho. Ukuxhumanisa okunamandla ku-database ye-CDC, i- Fluoride Finder , kungakusiza ukunquma amazinga e-fluoride esifundazweni sakho.
Kulabo abazwa ukuthi ukukhathazeka okuphakanyiswe ngabaphikisi kuyasebenza, uRichard Shames, MD, umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ngesifo segciwane , nodokotela ohlangene oqeqeshiwe waseHarvard uthe:
Siyazi ukuthi 4 noma 5 mg ngosuku lwe-fluoride iningi, kodwa inkinga ukuthi akekho owazi ukuthi abantu bathola kangakanani. Labo abasebenzisa nokuphuza amanzi amaningi, bahlamba njalo, badonsa emachibini, njll noma basebenzise ama-fluoridated toothpaste noma ama-mouthrinses, bangase baxhumane ne-fluoride ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthatha ukuyeka ukuphuza amanzi okuphuza amanzi. Uzodinga okungaphezulu kunezingqimba ezijwayelekile ze-carbon cannister amanzi kule njongo. Esikhundleni salokho, uzodinga i-osmosis noma i-distillation unit. Ngibuye ngiphakamise ukusizwa kwamazinyo okungenayo i-fluoridated, okutholakala kalula ngokubheka kancane eshalofini lesitolo sokudla. Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izingane ezingasebenzisi i-fluoride zingase zinezinsika ezingaphezulu, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuboniswe ukwaneliseka kwanoma yimuphi udokotela. Mina ngokwami ngikholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo ze-fluoride, ngisho nezingane, ziye zaqedwa, kanti izingozi ziyancipha. Kulabo abazwa isidingo sokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-fluoridised for the amazinyo abantwana, njengoba nezindaba eziningi zezempilo, ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo. Yisebenzise kancane futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa okusheshayo, futhi ungavumeli izingane zigwinye imikhiqizo equkethe i-fluoride.
Imithombo
(1) Petersen, P. et. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwe-fluorides yokuvimbela ama-caries yamazinyo ekhulwini lama-21: indlela ye-WHO, "i- Community Dentistry ne-Oral Epidemiology , uMqulu 32, Issue 5, amakhasi 319-321, Okthoba 2004, Abstract
(2) I-American Dental Association, "Flouride & Fluoridation," I-Fact Sheet, i-www.ada.org
(3) iBeltrán-Aguilar, E. et. i-al. "Ukuvama nokuqina kwamazinyo e-Dental Fluorosis e-United States, 1999-2004," iNCHS Data Brief, Number 53, November 2010, ku-intanethi
(4) uFagin D, "Imibuzo yesibili mayelana ne-fluoride". I-Scientific American 298 (1): 74-81. Januwari 2008
(5) I-Connett, uPaul, "Izizathu Ezi-50 Zokuphikisa I-Fluoridation, Ngo-September 2012," I-Fluoride Action Network, ku-intanethi
(6) i-Galletti P, et. al. 1958. "Umphumela we-fluorine we-thyroidal iodine metabolism ku-hyperthyroidism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, "18 (10): 1102-1110. 1958
(7) uSusheela AK, et al. "Ukwengeza ngokweqile kwe-fluoride kanye ne-thyroid hormone derangements ezinganeni ezihlala eNew Delhi, eNdiya." Fluoride , 38: 98-108. 2005. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokucwaninga. "I-fluoride emanzini okuphuza: ukubuyekezwa kwesayensi kwamazinga ka-EPA." I-National Academy Press, eWashington DC 2006.
(8) "Uhlolojikelele: Ifomu lezingane kanye ne-Fluorosis," Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo, Online