I-melanoma ye-Eye, noma i-melanoma ebonakalayo, uhlobo olusavamile lomdlavuza olwenziwa ngaphakathi kweso. Iningi le- melanomas lithinta isikhumba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-melanoma ingakhula emehlweni. Uma i-melanoma iqala ngaphakathi kweso, ibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza weso oyinhloko. Uma i-melanoma iqala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba iphinde isakaze iso , ibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza weso lesibini.
I-melanoma ye-Eye ivame ukuthinta i-uvea, indawo yeso phakathi kwe-retina kanye nengxenye emhlophe yeso.
Izimpawu ze-Melanoma ye-Eye
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-melanoma iso iqala ngaphandle kwempawu noma izimpawu ezicacile. Amacala amaningi we-melanoma ye-eye atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kweso. Abanye abantu bangase bahlakulele izimpawu ezimbalwa kubandakanya umbono obonakalayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma izindawo ezimnyama embonweni wabo. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zihlobene nomdlavuza weso:
- Indawo ekhulayo emnyama e-iris yeso
- Ukubona ukukhanya kokukhanya
- Amanzi, amehlo acasulayo
- Umbono ogqamile
- Ukulahlekelwa kombono we-peripheral kwelinye noma kokubili amehlo
- Ukubekwa okungavamile kweso ngaphakathi kwesikhombiso seso
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabala kanye nezindawo zokuhamba
- Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuhlungu ngaphakathi noma eduze kweso
Izimpawu eziningi ze-iso le-melanoma azihlobene nalesi sifo. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi bahlakulela izindawo nezindawo ezihamba phambili , ikakhulukazi njengoba bekhula. Iningi lezinto ezihamba phambili zamehlo kukhona amaprotheni amancane okuthiwa i-collagen ehlukana ne-vitreous futhi ehlangene, okwenza kubonakale emgqeni wombono.
Esikhathini esiningi, izindawo nezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo azilimazi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zibangelwa izifo ezithile zeso. Ubuhlungu obukuyo noma obuseduze kweso akuvamile ukuba uphawu lwe-melanoma ye-iso. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza weso, kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukuxwayisa udokotela wakho we-eye.
Izimbangela Nezici Zengozi
Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza weso.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ekwakheni i-melanoma ye-iso. Ososayensi bacwaninga izinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ezingabangela ukuba amangqamuzana e-iso abe nomdlavuza. I-Melanoma iyinhlobo yomdlavuza ovela phakathi kwamaseli anika umbala amehlo akho, isikhumba, nezinwele. Lezi zinhlobo zamaseli zakha i-pigment eyaziwa ngokuthi i-melanin. Ngokuvamile i-melanoma iqala amangqamuzana esikhumba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ivela ngaphakathi kweso.
Njengoba kunjalo ngesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu abanezinwele ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu, isikhumba esilungile, namabala anombala omzimba cishe banokuthuthukisa i-melanoma iso. Ngenkathi eziningi ze-cancer zesikhumba zihlobene ngokuqondile nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, akucaci ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UV ray kuhlobene ne-melanoma ye-iso. Abantu abanesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atypical mole syndrome (i-dysplastic nevus syndrome) kubonakala sengathi banengozi enkulu yokudala i-melanoma yesikhumba kanye namehlo. I-atypical mole syndrome ibangela ukuba ama-moles angaphezu kuka-100 avele emzimbeni. Abantu abanalesi simo kumele bahlolwe ngokucophelela njengama-moles amaningi athuthukiswa ngezakhiwo nobukhulu obungavamile.
Amathuba akho wokuthuthukisa i-melanoma ye-eye yanda ngezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Umbala wamehlo okukhanya: Abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza bangase babe nomdlavuza weso kunabantu abanamehlo amnyama noma asundu.
- Isizwe sabantu: abamhlophe, abakhanyisa ukukhanya abavame ukuthuthukisa i-melanoma ye-maso kunabantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.
- Ubudala: amathuba okuthuthukisa i-melanoma ye-eye yanda njengoba ukhula.
- Ukuvezwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet: ukukhanya okuqondile kwe-UV, okufaka ilanga, kungabangela ingozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa ama-melanomas.
- Ukwenyuka kwama-moleyli: abantu abane-molecular syndrome e-atypical kubonakala benengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza weso.
- I-Genetic predisposition: ezinye izinto ezingavamile ezivela kumzali kuya komntwana zibonakala zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-melanoma iso.
Khumbula ukuthi izinto ezinobungozi azisho ukuthi uzokuhlakulela isifo, futhi ukungabi nabungozi okusho ukuthi ngeke uhlakulele isifo.
Ukubona i-Melanoma ye-Eye
Njengamanye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ukutholakala kokuqala kanye nokuxilongwa kwe-melanoma ye-iso kubalulekile ekuqaliseni uhlelo lwempatho oluphumelelayo. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo kuyasiza udokotela wakho wezilanga ekutholeni lesi sifo. Ukuhlolwa kwehlohlo elihlotshisiwe (ngezingane ezihlanjululwe) kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuba abone ngokucacile emehlweni akho. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukubuka i-lens iso lakho ukubuka impilo yezakhi zangaphakathi ezifana ne-retina ne-optic nererve.
Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa uma amehlo ehlanjululwa:
- I-Ophthalmoscopy: Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ithuluzi elibizwa nge-ophthalmoscope ukuze ubuke ngemuva kweso lakho. I-lens yokukhulisa izosetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-retina ne-optic nererve.
- I-biomicroscopy ye-slit: Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukubuka i-retina, i-optic nerve nezinye izingxenye zeso lakho ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuqinile ne-microscope.
- I-Gonioscopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuzovumela udokotela wakho ukuba ahlole ingxenye yangaphambili yeso phakathi kwe-cornea ne-iris.
Uma noma yikuphi kokuhlolwa kuveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-melanoma, udokotela wakho uzokwenza i-biopsy ukususa amaseli noma izicubu ukuba zibhekwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuveza izimpawu zomdlavuza.
Izinketho zokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-iso le-melanoma kuzoxhomeka ezintweni eziningana. Indawo, usayizi kanye nohlobo lwesifo esiyingozi kuzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha oluzophumelela kakhulu. I-radiation therapy ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola nokubhubhisa izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-radiation izobhubhisa amangqamuzana ayingozi futhi ayeke ukukhiqiza. Ukunakekelwa kuyothathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imisebe ayilimazi amaseli enempilo ngaphakathi kweso. Ngaphandle kwemisebe, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukwelapha i-melanoma ngokuhlinzwa. Izinketho eziningi zokuhlinzeka ziyatholakala ezibandakanya ukususwa kwezingxenye zezakhiwo zamehlo ezinomdlavuza.
Izwi elivela
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amacala angama-3 000 amasha we-eye melanoma atholakala minyaka yonke e-United States. Umdlavuza wamehlo ngokuvamile uyisifo sesibili, okusho ukuthi kuvame ukuvela kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Eqinisweni, ama-9 ku-10 e-iso melanomas aqala esikhumbeni. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kwe-eye melanoma kungasebenza kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, uma umdlavuza uthinta iso elilodwa kuphela, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-80 bayosinda okungenani iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuxilongwa. Uma zibanjwa ngaphambi kokuba zisakaze, ama-melanomas amaningi e-iso angaphathwa ngempumelelo.
Umthombo:
Porter, D. Kuyini I-Melanoma Yesiyingi? I-American Academy of Opthalmology, 2 Agasti 2012.