Amaqiniso Okungathi Ngama-Cancers Okushona Kakhulu Kakhulu
I-Melanoma iyindlela engaba yingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kutholakale kuncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zesikhumba kodwa kunamandla okusabalalisa (ukushaya imithi) ngokushesha kakhulu. I-melanoma ivame ukuqala esikhumbeni ngokwaso kodwa ingafinyelela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kufaka ngaphansi kweminwe kanye nezinsipho, nakwesobunxele.
Izingozi ZeMelanoma
Nakuba kungekho muntu owaziyo ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha zenza i-melanoma, siyazi ukuthi kunezici eziyingozi ezikhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola lesi sifo.
Izinto ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
- ukuvezwa okungavikelekile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) emithonjeni yemvelo noma yokufakelwa, kuhlanganise imibhede yokuqothula kanye nezibani zelanga
- unesikhumba esihle kanye / noma izinwele ezibomvu ngokwemvelo
- umlando womndeni we-melanoma
- kokuba nenani elikhulu lama-moles (ngaphezulu kuka-50)
- ubudala
- ngokuba owesilisa
- Ukuba nama-freckles amaningi noma ukuthuthukisa ama-freckles kalula
- umlando wokushisa kwelanga noma ukushisa kwelanga ngokweqile
Uma kuthiwa lokhu, i-melanoma ingakhula kubantu abangenayo yalezi zici, kubandakanya abantu abasha nabantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.
Izimpawu ze-Melanoma
Izinguquko ekubukeni kwemvukuzane ngokuvamile ziyisibonakaliso sokuqala se-melanoma esathuthuka futhi kufanele kubhekwe njengefulegi elibomvu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lilingani noma indawo. Ukufunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-molecule evamile kanye nesimo esingavamile kungakusiza ukuba ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga enkulu.
Kulokhu, sisebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i- ABCDE Umthetho we-melanoma , uhlelo olungasiza umuntu ukuba aqonde phakathi kokuvamile nokungekho.
Akufanele kubhekwe njengendlela yokuxilongwa - udokotela kuphela ongakwenza lokho - kodwa kunalokho isibonakaliso sokuxwayisa ukuxhumana nodokotela ngokushesha kunokwenzeka.
I-ABCDE Rule ibonisa izici ozihlola ngazo imvukuzane esolisayo:
- I-Asymmetry - Ama- moles ajwayelekile noma ama-freckles aphelele ngokuphelele. Uma ngabe udweba umugqa endaweni ejwayelekile, uzoba nezinxenye ezimbili ze-symmetrical. Endabeni yomdlavuza wesikhumba, amabala ngeke abuke okufanayo ezinhlangothini zombili.
- Umngcele - I-molecule noma indawo enezingqikithi ezicacile kanye / noma ezigubungile izocatshangwa ngokuphathelene.
- Umbala - I-molecule enezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kweyodwa, umbala noma umthunzi (kufaka phakathi ukukhanya noma ukunyamaza kwe-molecule) kufanele futhi kuthathwe njengokusola. I-moles evamile, ngokuphambene, ngokuvamile inombala owodwa kuphela.
- Ububanzi: Uma imvukuzane inkulu kune-penas eraser (1/4 amasentimitha noma 6 mm), kufanele ikhombise isidingo sokunakwa kwabachwepheshe. Lokhu kubandakanya ama-moles angenawo amanye okungajwayelekile okubonakalayo.
- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo: Lokhu kubhekisela ekuguqulweni kwama-moles akhona, kufaka phakathi izinguquko ngobukhulu, ukulinganisa, umngcele, noma umbala.
Khumbula ukuthi imvukuzane ayikho isidingo sokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko eziphelele ze-ABCDE ukuze kube nokukhathazeka. Ngisho nokungafani okukodwa kufanele kuvunyelwe uphenyo olwenziwe nguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe, okungcono i-dermatologist.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Melanoma
Ukuqaphela umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuvamile uqala ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba nge-dermatologist elayisensi. Uma kunomdlavuza, isikhumba se- skin biopsy singenziwa ukuze siqale ukuhlaziywa okuncane kwamaseli athintekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana futhi, kuye ngokuthi usayizi nendawo, kungenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela nge-anesthetic yendawo.
Uma imiphumela ye-biopsy ibonisa ukuba khona kwe-melanoma, kuzotholakala ukuhlolwa okungeziwe ukuze kunqume ukuthi ngabe isifo sande kangakanani nokuthi kangakanani.
Lezi zivivinyo zingabandakanya i-X-rays yesifuba, izivivinyo zokusebenza kwesibindi , nezinye izilingo zokunquma ukuthi kukhona yini ubufakazi bomdlavuza kwezinye izinhlelo zesitho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Melanoma
Njengamanje kukhona izindlela ezine zokwelapha i-melanoma: ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kwe-radiation, kanye ne-immunotherapy. Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni umdlavuza usulele kangakanani, kanye neminyaka yobudala kanye nempilo yabantu abathintekayo.
Kulabo abane-melanoma yesigaba sokuqala, ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha lesi sifo (kanye nomkhawulo omncane wezicubu ezinempilo) kungase kube yilokho okudingekayo. Le nqubo ingafaka futhi i-biopsy ye-lymph node eseduze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazeki.
Uma lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy kungadingeka, nangesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokusekelwe esiteji sesifo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungasetshenziswa ezimweni zokukhetha.
Ukuvimbela iMelanoma
Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungase ube uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza, kodwa lubuye lugwemeke kakhulu . Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvimbela umdlavuza wesikhumba - futhi ngokusobala okubaluleke kakhulu - ukugwema ukuvezwa kwe-UV ray.
Singakwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukugqoka i-sunscreen kuhlala enye yezinkampani zakho zokubheja ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulu uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle. Ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha i-sunscreen okungenani i- SPF 15 noma ngaphezulu. Ungakhohlwa ukuphinda usebenzise amahora amabili, ngemuva kokubhukuda, futhi uma uqubuka.
- Ukugwema emini ilanga phakathi kuka-10: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 00 kusigcina uvikelekile lapho ilanga likhanya kakhulu.
- Ukugqoke izingubo zokuzivikela , njengesikhwama kanye nezinsipho ngemikhono egcwele ehlinzeka ngendwangu eyengeziwe yokuvikelwa lapho kufanele ube nokukhanya kwelanga. Amehlo nawo angakwazi ukulimala ngakho-ke qiniseka ukugqoka izibuko zokukhanya ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-UV okwanele.
- Ukuhlala emthunzini ngeke nje kugcine upholile, kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuvezwa kwe-UV ngokweqile. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukugqoka isikrini selanga njengoba ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakala kungalimaza njengelanga eliqondile.
- Ukugwema imibhede yokuqeda kuyimfuneko. Ukuvezwa kwe-UV okufakelwayo akuyona into eyingozi kakhulu kunokudalwa kwemvelo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi imibhede yokuqhaqhaqha ukwandisa ingozi ye-melanoma ngenxa yokugxila kwabo kanye nokuntuleka kwesibhakabhaka phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
Izwi elivela
I-Melanoma iyinkulumo esabekayo, futhi kufanele ibe. Ikhula ngokushesha futhi ibangele ukufa kunanoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kodwa futhi kukhona phakathi kwelashwa kakhulu, ngezinga eliphezulu lokuphumelela uma libonakala ekuqaleni.
Njengawo wonke uhlobo lwegciwane, ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo. Lokhu kufaka ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ekukhanyeni kwelanga kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ye-UV, futhi ukumboza nge-sunscreen kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ekugcineni, uma uthola imvukuzane esolisayo noma ibala esikhumbeni sakho, ungayinaki. Yibheke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka yi-dermatologist eqeqeshiwe. Ungavumeli inkinga encane ibe yingozi yokuphila.
> Umthombo
- > Markovik, S .; U-Erickson, uS .; Rao, R .; et al. "I-Melanoma Ebuhlungu Ekhulwini Lama-21, Ingxenye 1: I-Epidemiology, Izingozi Zengozi, Ukuhlola, Ukuvimbela Nokuthola Ukuxilongwa." I-Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Mashi 2007; 82 (30): 364-380.