Incazelo Yezingxabano Ngokubaluleka Kwendlela Yomphakathi
Ukukhethwa komphakathi kusho ukuthi uhulumeni uzohlinzeka ngomshuwalense wezempilo ukuthi izakhamizi zingathenga, ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kuzosebenza njengohlelo lwe- Medicare olusebenza kubantu abadala noma uhlelo lwe-VA lusebenta ngama-veteran. Ayikho inketho yomphakathi ehlanganisiwe emthethweni we- Careable Affordable Care Act (ACA) kaMashi 2010, kodwa ochwepheshe abathile bakholelwa ukuthi kuzoba ingxenye yenqubo yokukhokha ekugcineni.
Abaningi baseMelika banombono wokuthi ngabe ukukhetha komphakathi kufanele kube khona, futhi ngokuvamile lezo ziphakamiso zenziwe ngaphandle kokuqonda ngempela ukuthi ukhetho lomphakathi luzosebenza kanjani. Nakhu ukucaciswa okunye kumagama nesigama.
Ukukhethwa komphakathi bekuyosebenza kanjani?
Inqubo yomshuwalense wempilo yomphakathi izosetshenziswa nguhulumeni kodwa ingasetshenziswa njengomshwalense wezempilo wangasese.
- Ukuzondla: Okukodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi umshuwalense womphakathi ube ozinakekelayo; okungukuthi, ekhokhwa kuphela ngamaphrimiyamu akhokhelwa yibo "abakuleli" hlelo.
- I-Tax Subsidized: Enye indlela ezoba yikhokhelo okufanele ixhaswe nguhulumeni, ngezintela.
- I-Federal noma i-State Administered: Enye indlela ukuthi ukhetho lomphakathi angeke lusethwe kuphela nguhulumeni wesifundazwe; esikhundleni salokho, ingasetshenziswa yizizwe ezizimele, futhi uthi zizobeka izidingo zazo.
Ukukhethwa komphakathi akuyona ingxenye yezinguquko, ukuqala, kodwa uma abanikazi besikhwama bengasese bengakwazi ukugcina amanani entengo, futhi bagcine labo abanezimo ezikhona ngaphambili, kungabangela ukuqaliswa kokukhethwa komphakathi.
Ubani ozofakwa enkambeni yomphakathi yomshuwalense wezempilo?
Kukhona amaqembu amabili aphikisana nomshuwalense wezempilo ongathola kalula, noma ukufinyelela okuphelele kunomshwalense wezempilo kunokuba babe nakho ngaphambi kwe-ACA.
- Okokuqala: Abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izinhlelo zomshuwalense ezizimele, ezizimele, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenzela abaqashi abanganikeli umshuwalense wezempilo njengenzuzo, bazothola inketho engathengi ngenketho yomphakathi.
- Okwesibili: Ukhetho lomphakathi luzosiza nalabo abanezimo ezandulele ukuthi bathenge inshuwalense engabizi kakhulu. Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakekelwa ka-2010 (u-Obamacare) uqinisekise ukuthi leli qembu alikwazanga ukubandlululwa ngabashuwalense. Inketho yomphakathi eyoshintsha noma ishintshe i-ACA izodinga ukuqhubeka nokuvikeleka.
- Elinye iqembu - abantu abasha, abanobuphiko - bangakhonzwa yizinketho zomphakathi, nakuba banenkinga encane yokuthola umshuwalense wezempilo noma kunjalo.
Indlela umshuwalense wezempilo osebenza ngayo ngaphambi kwe-ACA ukuthi akukho muntu owadingeka ukuba ahlanganyele; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuthola umshuwalense wezempilo. Ngokwenzayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abahlanganyela emshuwalense yibo bantu abasebenzisa izinsizakalo zezempilo kakhulu
Ochwepheshe abaningi nezombangazwe bayavuma ukuthi noma ngabe ukhetho lomphakathi luyasebenza noma ngabe lusebenza, wonke umuntu osebenzayo kufanele adinge ukuthenga, noma ngomshwalense womphakathi noma wangasese, ukuze alawulwe izindleko. Ukuze ulethe izindleko kubantu bonke, abantu abancane, abanobuhle kumele bakhokhe ohlelweni lokunciphisa abanye imali. Izinzuzo kubantu abancane, abanempilo abangasebenzisanga okuningi okuzokwenzeka kuzoba ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho bekhulile noma uma begula, ukutholakala kuzobe kutholakala kancane kancane kunokuba kungenjalo.
Cabanga ngokukhetha komphakathi njengokuthi ucabanga kanjani ngokuphepha komphakathi. Ukhokha lapho usencane, ukuze uzuze izinzuzo uma usukhulile noma ukhutshaziwe.
Umthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunenzuzo ka-2010 udinga ukubamba iqhaza, kanye nezinhlawulo kulabo abangenalo.
Imisebenzi Yomshuwalense Wezempilo Umphakathi
Mhlawumbe into ebaluleke kunazo zonke "i-pro" yukuthi kusukela uhulumeni ekhulu kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi bangabamba iqhaza ekukhethweni komphakathi, izindleko zezimpilo zezempilo zizokwehla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkokhelo zizobe ziphansi kunelezo ezikhokhelwe ezinkampanini zomshuwalense wezempilo yangasese.
Kungani izindleko zingase zibe phansi kakhulu ngenketho yomphakathi?
- Okokuqala, ngoba uhulumeni awuyona inzuzo. Njengoba umgomo wabo ukumboza izindleko zabo, kodwa hhayi ngenzuzo yi-service, akudingeki ukuba bakhe inzuzo emahoyisini abo.
- Okwesibili, ngoba izindleko zokuphatha zizobe ziphansi. Azikho izindleko zokuthengisa, izindleko ezincane zokuphatha. Kulinganiselwa izinhlelo zamanje zokukhokha zomphakathi (Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare, CHIP ne-VA) ezilinganiselwa ku-3% kuya ku-11%. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abanikazi bamasheya abazimele bayagijima kusuka ku-25% kuya ku-35%.
- Okwesithathu, ngoba inhlangano enkulu kakhulu inamandla okuba ne-bargaining. Amandla angcono okuxoxisana azoletha ukwehla kwamanani kuzo zonke izici zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba abanikazi bamasheya abazimele bazobe bewokuncintisana nokukhethwa komphakathi, abaqinisekisi bangezimele bazofanele banciphise ama-premiums abo futhi baxoxisane ngokujulile, futhi.
Kukhona futhi umbuzo wemfanelo yentela. Inketho yomphakathi ingabe ingakhokhiswa intela ngoba, yebo, ayizuzi inzuzo. Abanikazi besikhwama sabangasese bavele nje ukuba benze inzuzo ngokwabo nakwabathengi babo. Inzuzo yabo yayiyokwenza inkokhelo yentela - izindleko abazoyithwala bese zifaka amaphrimiyamu abo.
Enye enye ye "pro" bears ekhuluma; okungukuthi, inketho yomshuwalense wezempilo yomphakathi nayo izovumela ukuthi kube nokuphatheka . Okusho ukuthi abantu bangashukumisela noma bashintshe imisebenzi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlekelwa umshuwalense wabo wezempilo noma ukushintshela ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluhlukile bese ukhetha abahlinzeki abasha. Ngenketho yomphakathi eqhutshwa ngumbuso, bangathutha noma kuphi ngaphakathi kwendawo yabo. Ngesimiso sikahulumeni, babengakwazi ukuhambisa noma kuphi ngaphakathi kwe-United States. I-ACA ivumela ukuphatheka, kodwa umuntu angase aguqule kuhlelo oluhlukile uma eguqulela imisebenzi noma ehamba. Ngenketho yomphakathi, bekungeke kube nesidingo sokushintsha ohlelweni oluhlukile, ukuqeda ukuhlupheka kokukhetha uhlelo olusha.
I-Cons ye-Option Insurance Insurance Umphakathi
Umonakalo wethotho lomphakathi umshuwalense wezempilo wonke uhlobana nabachwepheshe abathintekayo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Noma kunjalo, lokho okuthinta ochwepheshe kuzogcina kugxila phansi ukuze kuthinte iziguli, futhi.
Abanomshuwalense wezempilo yangasese bayakhononda ukuthi ukhetho lomphakathi, ngoba luzobiza kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi luyoba namandla amakhulu okuxoxisana, luyobabeka ngaphandle kwebhizinisi. Ngeke bakwazi ukukhokhela amazinga abo enkonzo noma baqhubeke bekhokha abashalizimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhulisa ukwesaba ukuthi ekugcineni abantu abaningi babeyozikhukhumeza emphakathini, ukuthi i-United States izophela uhlelo lokukhokha olulodwa .
Abahlinzeki bakhathazekile nangokukhetha komphakathi. Lelo gunya elikhulu lokuxoxisana lizophoqelela izindleko eziphansi ezigulini, kodwa okuningi kulawo mazinga aphansi kuzothathwa abahlinzeki. Odokotela bayesaba ukuthi bazokhokhiswa ngamanani angaphansi ngisho nangamanje.
Ama-watchdogs we-Conservative wezokunakekelwa kwempilo asitshela ukuthi lezo zindleko eziphansi zingasho ukuthi odokotela abaningi nabahlinzeki bazolahla iziguli ezisebenzise noma yiziphi izinkokhelo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise ne-Medicare, Medicaid, TriCare, i-VA, ne-CHIP.
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