I-Aphasia eyinhloko ehamba phambili, noma i-PPA, iyinkinga yokuqhubeka yelwimi ephumela ekutheni i- atrophy yezindawo zangaphambili, ezipaketal kanye nezikhathi zobuchopho, ngokuvamile ezihlangothini lwesobunxele. Kuyindlela ye-dementia ethinta ngqo ulimi kanye nenkulumo. Umuntu kuthiwa ube ne-PPA uma izinkinga zolimi ziyisifo esibuhlungu kunazo zonke lo muntu esesifo.
Othile onenqubomgomo ye-PPA angase athole inkathazo ngokukhiqizwa kolimi, i-syntax, into ebizwa ngegama, noma ukuqonda amagama. Inkulumo iyisizinda esingathinteki kakhulu kwesiguli se-PPA phakathi nesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwabo, nakuba ezinye izinto zokucabangela zingase zikhubazeke kanye nesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi umuntu akanalo i-PPA uma izinkinga zabo zolimi ziwumphumela wesinye, isimiso sezinzwa esingenasidala noma izinkinga zezokwelapha, noma uma i-aphasia ingathuthuka ngesikhathi. I-PPA, njengoba negama layo lisho, isifo esiqhubekayo esizobe siphuthumayo nesikhathi, futhi kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezintathu-okungafani (okubizwa nangokuthi i-agrammatic), i-logopedic, ne-semantic.
1. Ukungafani okuhlukile kwe-PPA (nfvPPA)
Izici eziyinhloko zalokhu okuhlukayo kukhona ukungabi neluhlelo lokukhiqiza inkulumo nokumisa noma ukukhuluma ngenkuthalo. Umuntu angase abe neyodwa yalezi zimpawu futhi aphinde atholakale engenalutho.
"Ukungabi neluhlelo lolimi," kulokhu, kungase kusho ukusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile kwemishwana emifushane, elula, isakhiwo semisho engalungile, noma ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwe-inflection. Inkulumo ephumelelayo iyashesha, isebenze, futhi ayinakho ikhwalithi yomculo yenkulumo evamile. Umuntu onokungafani okungahambi kahle angaphoqeleka ukuba akhulume ngesilinganiso esinciphile kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima babo abenza imisho noma ukusebenzisa imisipha edingekayo ukuze bakhulume lokho abakucabangayo.
Ezinye iziguli zingase zichaze umuzwa wokwazi ukuthi zifuna ukuthini, kodwa zingakwazi ukwakha amagama kahle ngezindebe nolimi lwabo.
2. I-Logopenic Variant PPA (lvPPA)
Ngokufanayo neziguli ezingenasici, iziguli zoguquko zingase zibonakale zikhuluma ukuyeka, kancane kancane, kepha lezi zikhathi zibangelwa ubunzima ngokuthola amagama. Umuntu onokushintshashintsha kwe-logopenic uyoyeka isikhulumi sakhe hhayi ngoba unenkinga yokukhuluma, kodwa ngoba abonakala bengatholi ukuthola igama elithile abangathanda ukulikhuluma. Eqinisweni, igama elithi "logopenia," elisuka kwisiGreki, lisho "ukungabi namagama." Abantu abanjalo lolu hlobo lwe-PPA bathambekele ekubhekaneni nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwememori ngaphezu kwalabo abanezinye izinhlobo ze-PPA. Ngenkathi uhlanganyela ezinkulumweni ezincane, ingozi yokukhuluma ingase ibe nzima ukuthola, kepha uma uceliwe ukunikeza amagama athile noma ukuveza izimpendulo zemibuzo enzima kakhulu, abantu abangena ngemvume bangase balwe nobunzima. Bangathatha izindlela ezinde, ezingadingekile ezungeze igebe ekukwazi kwabo ukuthola igama. Ukukhuluma okuvamile, noma kunjalo, kufanele kugcinwe kakhulu futhi inkulumo ngeke ifake amaphutha agrammatic ecacile.
3. I-Semantic Variant PPA (svPPA)
Izici eziphawulekayo ze-PPA ye-semantic kunzima ukukhumbula amagama ezinsuku zansuku zonke nokuntuleka kokuqonda amagama.
Isibonelo, omunye umuntu angakwazi ukuba nenkulumo ebonakalayo evamile, futhi ngokungazelelwe aphathe igama elithi "ikhabethe" njengokungathi lilwimi lwangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu balahlekelwa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela le nto-bangase bangakwazi, isibonelo, ukutshela ukuthi i-watermelon yayifana ne-cantaloupe noma i-anyanisi. Abantu abanalolu hluko bangase babhekane ne-surface dyslexia noma i-dysgraphia (okusho ukuthi bayobhala amagama njengoba nje bezwakala, futhi bafunde amagama ngokubhaliwe njengoba kubhaliwe, isib. Ukufunda "i-yacht" ngokuthi "i-yached"). Naphezu kwalokhu, amakhono amaningi okuqonda angakwazi ukuhlala eqinile, njengokukhumbula izenzakalo zokuphila, ukuzibandakanya ezithandweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma ukuthola indlela yokuzungezile ngaphandle kobunzima.
Ukwelashwa nokubikezelwa
Isifo esingajwayelekile, i-PPA ingaqala njengengxabano yenkulumo ecashile. Kodwa-ke, njengezifo eziqhubekayo, kuzoqhubeka isikhathi, futhi isiguli singalahlekelwa ikhono eliphelele lokufunda, ukubhala, ukukhuluma, kanye / noma ukuqonda lokho abakutholayo. Okwamanje asikho isidakamizwa esivunyelwe ukuphatha i-PPA, kepha ukuphathwa kwesifo kungabandakanya umkhuba wokubuyisa amagama nge-orrapist noma umkhuba wokukhuluma usebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana, njengokusebenzisa umdwebo noma ukuthinta. Ukwengeza, abantu abaningi abane-PPA bakuthola kuwusizo ukuthwala amakhadi e-ID angachaza isimo sabo kwabanye. Abanye bakuthola kuwusizo ukuxhuma nabanye nge-PPA, namawebhusayithi axhuma iziguli zama-PPA international angatholakala ku-intanethi. Njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesifo zibangelwa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kobuchopho, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko ezinhlobonhlobo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona.
> Imithombo
> Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, et al. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Aphasia Eyisisekelo Eyisisekelo Nezinhlobo Zaso. I-Neurology.2011; 76 (11): 1006-14.