I-Autoimmune Disorder ye-System Peripheral yeNervous System
I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome (ebizwa ngokuthi i-Geel-on noma ngezinye izikhathi i-Gee-yon Barr-ay) ibhekisela eqenjini lezinkinga ezivame ukuholela ekubuthakathaka kwamasipha, ukulahleka kwemisindo , ama- dysautonomias , noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezintathu. I-Guillain-Barré syndrome (i-GBS) yinkinga yokuzimela komzimba wesimiso sezinzwa zomzimba, okusho ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba sihlasela izinzwa ngaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla.
Akuvamile, kuthinta umuntu oyedwa noma ababili kubantu abayi-100,000.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uGuillain-Barré ubonakalisa kanjani isimiso sezinzwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda kancane ngokuthi amangqamuzana omzimba angasebenza kanjani evamile. Umzimba wesikhungane sezinzwa zomgogodla ukhona noma usondelene kakhulu nentambo yomgogodla. Le nerve ixhumana ngokuthumela izibonakaliso phansi kwesandiso eside, esincanyana okuthiwa i-axon. Lezi zimpawu zithumela izimpawu ezivela emzimbeni wesisindo somzimba kuya emisipha ukuze wenze isivumelwano somsila futhi uthumele izimpawu ezivela emithonjeni ye-sensory emzimbeni weseli ukuze sikwazi ukuzizwa.
Kungaba usizo ukucabanga nge-axon njengenhlobo yocingo ethumela izimpendulo zikagesi noma ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukene zomzimba. Njengezintambo, ama-axon amaningi asebenza kangcono uma ehaqwe ukugxila.
Esikhundleni sezingubo zenjoloba ezigqoka izintambo zikagesi, ama-axon amaningi ahlanganiswe i-myelin. I-Myelin yenziwa ngamaseli asekela ama-glial azungeze i-axon ye-nerve.
Lawa maseli e-glial avikela futhi anondise i-axon, kanye nokusiza ukusheshisa isignali kagesi ehambayo.
Nakuba i-axon engakaze ikhulunywe idinga i-ions ukugeleza ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwayo yonke ubude be-axon, ama-axon ase-myelinated kuphela adinga ukuthi le nerve yenza lokhu ngamaphuzu akhethiwe. Lawa maphuzu abizwa ngokuthi ama-node, lapho i-myelin ihluke kuyo ukuze i-ions igele.
Empeleni, esikhundleni sokuhamba lonke ubude be-axon, isignali kagesi iqhuma masinyane kusuka ku-node kuya ku-node, ukusheshisa izinto ndawonye.
Indlela uGuillain-Barré Syndrome eqala ngayo
I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome ibangelwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emzimbeni esihlasele izinzwa zomzimba. Ukuthi i-syndrome ngokuvamile ivela emva kokutheleleka (noma okungajwayelekile kakhulu, emva kokugoma) kusenze sikhohlwe ukuthi ezingeni lezinqamuzana, ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo zibukeka njengezingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela senze iphutha ngokuthi yiziphi izinzwa zomzimba, ucabanga ukuthi izingxenye zesibindi ziyisifo. Ngenxa yalokho, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisusa ama-antibodies ahlasela izinzwa zomzimba.
Indlela uGilinin-Barré Syndrome ethinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye kuncike lapho izilonda ze-antibodies zihlasela khona. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uGuillain-Barré mhlawumbe ucatshangelwa kangcono njengomndeni wezinkinga, ezingabangela izinkinga ezahlukene.
I-Acid Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) iyisigaba esivamile kakhulu sikaGuillain-Barré, futhi yiziphi odokotela abaningi abacabanga ngazo lapho igama elithi "Guillain-Barré" lisetshenziswa. E-AIDP, ama-antibodies awahlaseli amangqamuzana omzimba ngokuqondile, kodwa esikhundleni salokho, awonakele amaseli asekela ama-glial azungeze i-axon ye-nerve.
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni kwezinzwa nokubuthakathaka okuqala ezinzwaneni nasezintweni futhi kufinyelele phezulu, kubika phezu kwendaba yamalanga kuya kwamasonto. Abantu abanoGuillain-Barré nabo bangabhekana nobuhlungu obunzima obukhungweni ezindaweni zabo ezibuthakathaka nangemuva. Njengamafomu amaningi kaGuillain-Barré, zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba zithinteka ngokufanayo e-AIDP.
Ngenkathi i-AIDP uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lukaGuillain-Barré, kunezinye eziningi. Lokhu kufaka lokhu okulandelayo.
I-Acute Motor ne-Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)
E-AMSAN, ama-antibodies awonakalisa i-axon ngokuqondile esikhundleni se-myelin sheath. Benza lokhu ngokuhlasela ama-node lapho i-myelin iphuka khona ukuvumela ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion okwandisa isignali kagesi.
I-AMSAN ingaba nobudlova, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ziqhubekela phambili ekukhubazeni ngokuphelele ngaphakathi nje ngosuku noma ezimbili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutakula kusuka ku-AMSAN kungathatha unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Kunokuba alulame ngokuphelele, akuyona into engavamile ukuthi abantu abane-AMSAN babe nezinkinga ezihlala njalo, njengokungenwa noma ukuphazamiseka eminwe yabo.
I-Axonal Neuropathy Yomtholampilo Ephakeme (AMAN)
E-AMAN, kuphela izinzwa zokulawula ukunyakaza zithinteka, ngakho-ke akukho nhlobo. Abantu bavame ukuphola ngokushesha futhi ngokuphelele kusuka ku-AMAN kunezinye izinhlobo zikaGuillain-Barré.
I-Miller-Fisher Variant
U-Guillain-Barré ukhuluma kakhulu uma kushintsha indlela esiphefumulela ngayo noma esivikela umoya wethu. Kuhlukahluka kweMiller-Fisher kaGuillain-Barré, ubuso nobuso bahlaselwa kuqala. Ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwemisipha yomphimbo kungenza kungenzeki ukugwinya ngaphandle kokudla noma ukumathela emaphashini, okwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-pulmonary kanye nokuchofoza. Yize zonke izinhlobo zikaGuillain-Barré zidinga ukuqapha okusheshayo ukuze ubone ukuthi isiguli singadinga yini ukufakwa ngaphakathi noma ukufakwa endaweni yokumisa umoya , ukuhlukahluka kwe-Miller-Fisher kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokukhethekile.
I-Panautonomic Neuropathy enamandla
Izinhlobo eziningi zikaGuillain-Barré nazo zithinta uhlelo lwesimiso sokuzimela ngandlela-thile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokulawula imisebenzi efana nokujuluka, izinga lenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa, nokucindezelwa kwegazi. I-panautonomic neuropathy elula iyinhlobo engavamile lapho ukunyakaza nokuzwela kushiywe khona, kepha imisebenzi ye-autonomic ilahlekile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhloleni okulula , ama- arrhythmias enhliziyo , nokuningi.
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sikaGuillain-Barré ukulahlekelwa amandla okuqhubekayo ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kwenzwa nokulawula okuzimele. Nakuba izinkinga eziningi ze-neuropathies ezihamba phambili ziba nzima ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezithile kuya eminyakeni, uGuillain-Barré ushintsha izinsuku ezingaphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi amahora. Ngenxa yokuthi uGuillain-Barré angabangela ubuthakathaka obunzima kangangokuthi umuntu ohluphekile akakwazi ukuphefumulela wedwa, kubalulekile ukuthi uthole usizo ngokushesha uma ubona lezi zimpawu.
Umthombo
I-Yuen T. Ngakho, i-Continuum: I-Neuropathies ye-Peripheral, i-Immune-Mediated Neuropathies, Umqulu 18, Inombolo 1, February 2012
I-Braunwald E, Fauci ES, et al. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. 16th ed. 2005.