Amakhemikhali nama-Ointments akwenziwe ngokwezifiso ayenziwa kakhulu yizidakamizwa eziningi
Isidakamizwa esingenakunqamuzana kwezidakamizwa ngumkhuba wokudala imithi yokwelapha iziguli ukuphuza, ukugwinya, ukufaka noma ukufaka isicelo esikhumbeni. Yilona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa olwenziwe abakwa-pharmacy kanye nabachwepheshe bekhemisi emaphaketheni omphakathi nasemiphakathini. Futhi naphezu kokuqamba kwayo "okungezona okungekho emthethweni," ukwenza izilinganiso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zomthetho nezomsebenzi kudinga ukunamathela emithethweni eqinile yokuqinisekisa nokugcina imithi yokwenza imishanguzo esebenzayo nokuhlanzeka; Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokuxuba; ukuhlinzeka ngamaphakheji afanele, ukugcinwa, nokulayishwa; futhi ugcine zonke izindawo zokusebenza kanye nemishini njengokuhlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlukana okukhulu phakathi kokungahlanganisi okungahlanganisi nokungena oyinyumba kunendaba nokuthi izidakamizwa zithola kanjani. Imithi ehloselwe ukujova, ukumnika noma ukufaka isicelo iso kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokwemigomo nemigomo yokubopha oyinyumba ngoba amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta ezikhona ezingxenyeni ezithile-ububanzi ngamakholoni zingafaka ukuphila kwabagulayo engozini. Ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kubalulekile uma ukwenza okungezansi kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa abahlanganisi akudingeki basebenze ezindaweni eziyinyumba ngokuphelele njengezindlu zokuhlanza.
Yini Eyenzwa Ngokwenziwa Okungenakwenzeka?
Incazelo ejwayelekile ye-nonsterile compounding enikezwa yi-website ethi Quizlet ichaza umkhuba ngokuthi "ukukhiqizwa kwezixazululo, ukumiswa, amafutha okugcoba nama-creams, ama-powders, suppositories, ama-capsules, namathebhulethi." Incazelo ephelele ephelele ingachaza ukuwa okungahlanganisi okungazange kube khona emigqeni elula, ejwayelekile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kuncike ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukulungiselela ifomu elilinganiselwe lezilingo, izingozi umkhiqizo obangela isiguli kanye nomhlanganisi, nokuthi ifomu eliphelile kufanele liphathwe futhi ligcinwe kanjani.
Ukuhlanganiswa okulula okungahlanganisi kuhilela ukuxuba imithi ngokusho kwamafomula amisiwe, noma "izindlela zokupheka," nokudala izidakamizwa zamanzi ezivame ukuthengiswa kuphela njengeziphilisi noma amakhemikhali.
Odokotela bezingane nabahlengikazi bavame ukucela lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo yabantwana nezilwane abangakwazi ukugwinya amaphilisi noma badinga amanani amancani kunamanye emikhiqizweni ekhishwe ngokuthengisa.
Amafomula asemthethweni e- US Pharmacopeia akhona ngamakhemikhali angu-125 alula angenayo i-nonsterile. Le zokupheka zikhomba ukuthi yiziphi ama-API nezithako ezingenayo imithi ongayisebenzisa, kanye nendlela yokulinganisa nokuxuba izithako, ilebula umkhiqizo wezidakamizwa ophelile futhi unqume usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, okungukuthi, ngokusho kwekhemisi, "kungaphezulu kwedethi yokusebenzisa." Izidakamizwa ezimbili ezilula ze-USP ezingenayo i-nonsterile yi-alprazolam emiswe ngomlomo (isib. Amaphilisi e-Xanax avela ku-Pfizer) kanye ne-generic standard-release release morphine sulfate suppositories.
Ukuhlanganiswa okungajwayelekile okungahlanganisi kuhilela ukwakha imithi equkethe imithi engaba yingozi noma amalungiselelo adinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile. Ama-fentanyl amathanga, awaziwa kangcono njenge-lollipops, namafutha okugcoba angasetshenziswa kuphela ngokuphepha ngamagilavu awela kulesi sigaba. Odokotela bamazinyo, ama-oncologists, kanye nama-dermatologists bavame ukudayisa imithi efuna ukuhlanganiswa okungajwayelekile. Idatha eqinile kumafomu amahle kakhulu kanye nezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi azishicilelwe eziningi zalezi.
Ama-pharmacy ambalwa enza ukuhlanganiswa okungaxhunyiwe kwe-nonsterile, okudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuphambili kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokwenza imikhiqizo efana namaphilisi amaningi okukhululwa kanye nama-transchermal patches.
Yimiphi Imithetho Ekhona Yokwenza Okungahleliwe?
I-USP 795 "I-Pharmaceutical Compounding ---- Ukulungiswa Kwamakhemikhali" ihlanganisa ama-pharmist nemithetho yezokhemisi kumele ilandele lapho ilungiselela amafomu okulinganisa okuhloswe ukuthi athathwe ngomlomo, efakwe emaceleni noma asetshenziselwa amakhemikhali. Isahluko savuselelwa, sandiswa futhi sanyatheliswa kabusha ngoMeyi 2011 ukuze kugcizelele ukubaluleka kokubhalisa zonke izinqubo ezihlanganisayo, ukubeka izidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe ngokunembile ngama-API nangaphezulu kwamadethi wokusetshenziswa, nokusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile kuwo wonke ukuxuba nokuhlanza okuhlobene nokuhlanganiswa okungenayo i-nonsterile.
Izixhumanisi kulesi sigaba zinikeza imininingwane eningi kulokho okushiwo u-USP 795, kodwa amaqiniso amabili athwala ngokugqamisa.
Okokuqala, njengeLungu leKomidi le-Expert Compounding Committee of Expert, uPatricia Kienle, RPh, MPA, FASHP, utshele i- Pharmacy Purchasing & Products , "Ngisho nezinqubo ezilula, ezifana nokuvuselela imithi yokulwa namagciwane, kubonisa ukuhlanganiswa futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kuhlanganiswe lesi sahluko."
Okwesibili, i-USP 795 ithatha amandla omthetho. Izinhlinzeko zalo zingaba, futhi, ziphoqelelwe yi-US e-Food Food and Drug Administration agents kanye nebhodi lezwe labaphathi bekhemisi. Wonke amazwe asemukele i-USP 795 njengesiqalo sokubambisana okuphephile nokungokomthetho, futhi abanye baye baqala ezinye imithetho zabakhiqizi. Ngamafuphi, ukunamathela kumigomo ye-USP 795 ibeka amakhemikhali nabachwepheshe ezinhlangothini ezifanele zomkhuba wokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nomthetho.