I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala komswakama ozungezile ubuchopho nomgogodla. Idala insizwa, intamo eqinile, nomkhuhlane. I-Meningitis ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ezifana nokuhlukunyezwa noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. I-Meningitis ivame ukubangelwa yi-bacteria noma igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-meningitis nokukhonjwa okunembile kwesizathu kubalulekile ngoba ukuphathwa kwalesi sifo kuqondiswa ukuqina kwesifo kanye nesibangela sokugula.
I-Meningitis, ikakhulukazi i-meningitis ye-bacterial, ayiyona into evamile, ikakhulu ngenxa yemigomo yokugoma ngokumelene nezimbangela ezivame ukwelashwa. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaba ngu-4100 ze-meningitis nokufa kwama-500 e-United States ngonyaka.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingathuthuka ngamahora amaningi, noma zingase zenzeke kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. I-meningitis ivame kakhulu ezinganeni, nakuba abantu abadala kanye nentsha bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-meningitis.
Izimpawu ze-meningitis zihlanganisa:
- Izikhwehlela ezibangelwa i-meningitis zingaba nzima. Izinwele ezincane noma ezilinganayo zingase zibe izimpawu zokuqala ze-meningitis. Izinsizwa zingase zikhuliswe ngokuzwela ukukhanya.
- Intamo eqinile iyisimiso esivamile samadoda. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezinezintamo ezinzima zingagubha ikhanda noma zikhononde ubuhlungu lapho zizama ukugoba ikhanda libheke esifubeni.
- Amaphutha atfutfukiswa kubantu abaningi abane-meningitis, kanti imifudu ingaba ngamafiva aphansi aphezu kwe-100.5 F kuya kumapayipi aphezulu-phezulu kuka-104 F.
- Ukuthukuthela nokuphumula
- Ukukhathala noma ukulala
- Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
- Ukuqubuka, ngokuvamile okungeyona i-blanching (engaphenduki emhlophe uma ucindezela kuyo) kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi nge-meningococcal meningitis.
- Ukuzizwa
- Izinguquko zesimo sengqondo, ezifana nokudideka, ukuzithemba, ukudiliza, ukucabangela, noma ngisho ne-coma
Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane
Ezinsana nasezinsana ezincane, izimpawu zesifo se-meningitis zingase zifike ngokushesha, kungakapheli isikhathi samahora. Amakhomikhali e-classic meningitis we-fever, ikhanda, nokuqina kwentamo kungenzeka ukuthi angekho noma kunzima ukubona emantwaneni amancane kakhulu.
- Izimpawu ze-meningitis ezinsaneni zihlanganisa ukukhathazeka, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukunciphisa ukudla nokuphuza, nokuhlanza.
- I-fontanel ekhulayo ingakhula ezinganeni. I-fontanel yindawo esithambile ekhanda lomntwana lapho amathambo engakavali okwamanje. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala ezungeze ubuchopho, uketshezi okweqile kungabangela ukuthi le ndawo ibe yinto engavamile ngokugcwele, kunokuba igcwele, njengoba kufanele.
Izimbangela
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-meningitis yizifo ezithathelwanayo, ezingasakazwa ngokushintshaniswa kwamaconsi okuphefumula ngokukhwehlela, ukukhipha, ukumanga noma ukuthinta izinto ezingcolile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphilayo ezincane ezingabangela i-meningitis. Ama-viruses, amabhaktheriya, kanye ne-fungus konke kungabangela i-meningitis.
Viral Meningitis
Igama elithi aseptic meningitis lichaza ukuthi i-meningitis ebangelwa enye into ngaphandle kwama-bacteria, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-meningitis ye-viral.
Amanye amagciwane angabangela i-meningitis afaka:
- I-enteroviruses yiyona imbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yegciwane le-meningitis. I-enteroviruses ihlala ngokujwayelekile endleleni yokugaya, kanti iningi alibangeli isifo. I-Meningitis ebangelwa yi-enteroviruses ivame kakhulu phakathi kukaJuni no-Okthoba.
- I-virus ye-Herpes, kuhlanganise negciwane le-inkukhu
- Imfucuza yegciwane
- I-Mumps virus
- Influenza virus
- I-Nile YaseNtshonalanga isakazwa ngukulunywa umiyane futhi ivame kakhulu phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba. Ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso ze-meningitis, abantu abanegciwane bavame ukuba nezinhlayiya zokugqwala nokuvuvukala. I-West Nile igciwane manje litholakala emazweni angu-46 kanti cishe ingxenye yesigamu esithuthukisa lesi sifo nayo ibuye ihlakulele i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis.
- I-Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
I-bacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacterial ivame ukhiqiza ukutheleleka okukhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-meningitis, enekhono elikhulu lezinkinga zesikhathi eside.
Isizathu esithile sokuthi ibhaktheriya imbangela ye-meningitis ngokuvamile ihlukahluka nobudala.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-bacterial meningitis ezinsaneni ezisencane yizi:
- E. coli
- I-streptococcus yeqembu B
- Listeria monocytogenes
I-bacterial evame kakhulu imbangela ye-meningitis ezinganeni ezincane yizo:
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (i-pneumonococcus) yimbangela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ye-bacterial meningitis ezinganeni.
- I-Neisseria meningitides (i-meninogococcus) yimbangela yesibili evame kakhulu ye-meningitis ezinganeni. I-Meningococcal meningitis ingenza izibonakaliso ze-meningitis kanye nokuqhuma okwenziwe kahle kwe-petechial. Ukuqhuma kubonakala njengezindawo ezibomvu ezincane ezingashintshi ngokubonakala lapho ukucindezelwa kufakwe esikhumbeni.
- I-Haemophilus influenzae hlobo B (Hib) yimbangela evamile yokubamba i-meningitis ezinganeni kuze kube ngama-1990, kodwa lesi sifo manje sesingavamile ngenxa yokugoma.
- Ezinye izimbangela ze-bacteria meningitis zihlanganisa isifo seLyme, isifo sokuphika, i-ehrlichiosis, i-leptospirosis, nesifo sofuba.
Izimbangela Ezingavamile Ezivamile Ze-Meningitis
- Ezinye izifo ezithinta izifo ezithinta isistimu yomphakathi oyinhloko njenge- cryptococcal meningitis (evame kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-AIDS.)
- Ezinye imithi ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges. Okuvamile kunazo zonke izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (non- steroidal anti-inflammatory ) (i-NSAID) njenge-ibuprofen. Ama-antibiotics afana ne-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, evame ukusetshenziswa ukutheleleka kwezifo zamagciwane, angabangela nokuguqulwa kwamantombazane.
- Izimo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo ezikhonjelwa ukuvuvukala, njengezifo ezizimele ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yi-autoimmune nazo zingabangela i-meningitis, nakuba ingavamile.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-meningitis kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga. Ngokuvamile, i-meningitis ingatholakala ukuthi inomlando nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Kodwa, kaningi, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenzisa i-meningitis nokukhomba kwesidalwa esithathelwanayo kuyadingeka ukuze ukwelashwa kahle.
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuqina kwentamo nokubuya. Isibonakaliso sikaKernig sibhekwa njengento enhle, futhi sisekela ukuxilongwa kwe-meningitis, uma kuzwakala ukudlula ibhande nge-hip eguquguqukayo. Isibonakaliso sikaBrudzinski sibhekwa njengento enhle, futhi sisekela ukuxilongwa kwe-meningitis, uma kungenakuqhamuka noma ukuthutha ikhanda phansi esihlokweni kubangele ubuhlungu futhi kwenza izikhwepha namadolo ziguquke.
- Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa: Ukucabangela ukuhlolwa kwesistimu ye-central central, njenge-CT ebuchosheni, ubuchopho be-MRI noma i-MRI yomgogodla kungasiza kakhulu ekuhloleni kwe-meningitis. Lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukulawula ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu ze-neurological. Ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukubona ukuvuvukala kwama-mening. Futhi, ngokuvamile kudingeke ukuthi ubuchopho be-CT noma ubuchopho be-MRI babone ukuthi kuphephile yini ukwenza ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar: Ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar kuyinkqubo lapho isampula ye- cerebrospinal fluid isuswe ukuze ihlaziywe ngaphansi kwe-microscope futhi ithumele isiko. Isiko yindlela yokwelapha okutshalayo emalini futhi ekhonjisiwe. I-cerebrospinal fluid spinal iyatholakala lapho inaliti efakwa endaweni ephansi engaphansi lapho umsele otholakala khona emgodini ongasemgogodleni utholakala kalula.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kuxhomeke ekuqinikeleni nasebangela ukugula. Ukwelashwa kungadingeka ukulawula izimpawu, futhi, njalo, imithi nayo iyadingeka ukuphatha ukutheleleka noma ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
Imithi Yokuhlunguphaza
Kungakhathaliseki imbangela ye-meningitis, kungase kudingeke uthathe imithi yokuhlunguphaza, ukunciphisa ukuphathwa ikhanda nokukhathazeka kwentamo. Ngokuvamile, imishanguzo engaphezu kwe-counter isebenza ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu obubangelwa i-meningitis.
Ukunciphisa umkhuhlane
Ngenxa yokuthi i-meningitis ivame ukubangela umkhuhlane, imithi eyanciphisa umkhuhlane ngokuvamile iyadingeka.
I-bacterial Meningitis
I-meningitis ye-bacterium ingelashwa nge-antibiotic eziningana eziphumelelayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sesifo. Ukwelashwa kwe-bacterium meningitis ngokuvamile kuqala ngenhlanganisela ye-antibiotic ebanzi ephakathi kwamagciwane, okuyi-antibiotics okungenzeka aphathe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Ukukhethwa kwama-antibiotic kungashintsha uma kwenziwa ukuxilongwa okuqondile. Ukukhathazeka, okuyizinto ezivivinyayo ezikhomba ukuthi imithi elwa namagciwane ephika kakhulu, nayo iyasiza ukwelashwa okuqondile.
Ama-antibiotic akhethiwe ekwelapheni izingane ezincane nge-meningitis angase ahluke kuma-antibiotic asetshenziswa kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi i-meningitis ibangelwa amabhaktheriya ahlukene phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-90 zokuphila, i-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sesithathu, ehlangene ne-ampicillin ngenyanga yokuqala, ivame ukukhethwa. Izingane ezindala kanye nezingane zivame ukuphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-cefotaxime noma i-ceftriazone kanye ne-vancomycin kuze kutholakale isidumbu esithathelwanayo.
Viral Meningitis
Nge-meningitis egazini, umgomo wokwelashwa ngokuyinhloko ukunakekelwa okusekelayo. Ukutheleleka nge-viral akuphenduli ekwelashweni kwama-antibiotic, kanti ukutheleleka okuningi kwama-viral akuphenduli kuma-antiretroviral ethize. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo ezithinta amagciwane ezithinta ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral.
I-Steroids
Lapho i-meningitis ibangelwa isifo esizimele, njenge-sarcoidosis noma impendulo yezidakamizwa, i-steroids ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
Ukuvimbela
Kunamasu amaningi angasiza ekuvimbeleni i-meningitis . Nakuba lezi zindlela azikwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele izinguquko zakho zokuba nesifo nge-meningitis, zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi.
Ukuhlanzeka
Ukugwema izifo ezivamile kunganciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-meningitis. Izidalwa ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa i-meningitis zisakazwa kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Ukugwema ukutheleleka kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela i-meningitis kubantu beminyaka yonke. Lezi zindlela zokuqapha zibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, ezingase zingabonakali izimpawu zokuthi i-meningitis ziqale, nokuthi ngubani ongase ahlupheke kakhulu.
- Geza izandla zakho kaningi, ikakhulukazi lapho uthola amagciwane
- Ungabelani ngezinto zokuhlanzeka njengamabhantshi amazinyo
- Ukukhipha ama-disinfect kanye nama-tops counter njalo
- Gwema ukuxhumana okude noma okude nabanye abangase babe nezifo
Ukugonywa
Kukhona imigomo enganciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-meningitis. Lezi zitofu azivikele ngokuqondile ekumelaneni nemithi ye-meningitis, kodwa zivikela ezifweni ngenxa yezilwane ezingabangela i-meningitis.
Amagciwane anganconywa ngesikhathi esengumntwana. I-freshman yaseKolishi, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala emabhokheni basengozini ephezulu yezifo ze-meningococcal, futhi kufanele bafundiswe mayelana nokutholakala komgomo wokuphepha wamadoda ophephile futhi osebenza kahle onganciphisa ingozi.
- Hib
- N. meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Ama-Mumps
- I-Herpes Zoster
- Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal conjugate
Izwi elivela
I-Meningitis iyisifo esithathelisayo ngoba singabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Izimpawu zingase zivelele futhi zingase zithuthuke ngokushesha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingaba mnene noma zingacacile, okungabangela ukulibaziseka ukuxilongwa. Uma usheshe uthole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kungcono amathuba akho okuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kuyindlela engcono yokunciphisa izinkinga kanye nemiphumela emibi yesifo.
Uma wena noma umntanakho unesifo se-meningitis, ungase ubhekane nokuphelelwa amandla nokukhanda amakhanda amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokululama. Esikhathini esiningi, i-meningitis ithuthuka ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
> Imithombo:
> I-Taj A, i-Jamil N. I-Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Biogenic Amines: Amakhomikhali Akwazi Ukuthola Ukuxilongwa Kwe-bacterial and Viral Meningitis. Ama-Pathogens. 2018 Apr 13; 7 (2). i-pii: E39. i-doi: 10.3390 / i-pathogens7020039.
> Villena R, MAP e-Safadi, iValenzuela MT, i-Torres JP, i-Finn A, i-O'Ryan M. I-Global epidemiology yezifo ze-serogroup B zesifo somzimba kanye namathuba okuvimbela nemigomo yamaprotheni enomlando. I-Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Apr 18: 1-50. i-doi: 10.1080 / 21645515.2018.1458175. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]