UMaria Skłodowska wazalelwa ingane encane yabothisha eWarsaw, ePoland. Impoqo yomndeni yayingeyona enkulu, futhi uMaria walahlekelwa unina eneminyaka eyishumi nambili. UMaria kwakudingeka asebenze njengomfundisi nomfundisi ukuze asize imali yemfundo kadadewabo. Kamuva, wakwazi ukufunda eParis eS Sorbonne nodadewabo. Wabuye wathatha izifundo ngasese e-University of Floating, isikhungo sezemfundo esingaphansi komhlaba ePoland ephazamisekile kwezombusazwe efundisa abesifazane, futhi kamuva nala madoda.
Ezimisele ukusebenza futhi athuthuke ensimini yakhe ekhethiwe, uMaria wafunda futhi wasebenzisa i-physics namakhemikhali - izifundo uyise ayezifundise.
Ngo-1894, uMarie wathola i-degree yakhe yesibili - lokhu kwaba semathematika futhi wahlangana noPerre Curie, umfundisi we-physics kanye ne-chemistry. Kwahlukaniswa kafushane lapho uMariya ebuyela ePoland, bobabili babeshadile cishe ngonyaka. UHenri Becquerel ngokushesha wathola i-radioactivity ngenkathi efunda u-uranium usawoti. UMarie wafunda ukukhanya kwe-uranium, esebenzisa i-Curie electrometer. Wayekwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi i-pitchblende, i-torbernite, ne-thorium yayiyi-radioactive. UMarie Curie washicilela iphepha lokucwaninga ngokutholakala kwakhe, isinyathelo esingavamile kowesifazane ngo-1896. UPeter wabeka ucwaningo lwakhe futhi wajoyina uMarie emsebenzini wakhe. Ehlobo lika-1898, i-Curies yabhala incwadi ephepheni elisha, i-polonium. Ngosuku olulandelayo emva kukaKhisimusi 1898, kwavela iphephandaba lesibili, ememezela ukutholakala kolunye uhlangothi olusha lwe-radium.
Baqhubeka besebenza ndawonye kuze kube sekufeni okuphawulekayo kukaPetru engozini yomgwaqo ngo-1906. Ukulwa ngedwa, uMarie wakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-radium ehlanzekile ngo-1910. UMarie Curie wanquma ukungenzi ilungelo lobunikazi bakhe ukuze abanye ososayensi bakwazi ukuphenya ngokukhululekile.
Ucwaningo oluwinawo umklomelo
UMarie Curie wathola imiklomelo emibili yeNobel ngomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi.
Okokuqala, ngo-1903 ngeFizikiki, naye wayengowesifazane wokuqala wokunikezwa umklomelo weNobel. Futhi ngo-1911, wanikezwa iNobel for Chemistry futhi waba ngowokuqala ukuthola amaNobel amabili kaNobel. Naphezu kwalezi zidumo, i-Academy of Sciences yaseFrance yamvimbela ubulungu. Kodwa eS Sorbonne, waba yiprofesa wesifazane wokuqala futhi wanikezwa icala le laboratory ye-physics eyayiqondiswa umyeni wakhe. Kungakabiphi, uhulumeni waseFrance wakha iRadium Institute ukutadisha imithi yamakhemikhali, i-physics, kanye nemithi - izithakazelo eziphambili zikaMarius Curie.
KuMpi Yezwe I, wenza amaloli e -X-ray angasiza ukuthi ahlolwe amasosha abalimele. Ngokuzithoba, wanikela ngemindeni emibili yegolide yaseNobel ukukhulisa izimali zempi. Iphayona lokutadisha imisebe , uMam. Curie wayengazi ukuthi i-radioactivity ingathinta kanjani impilo yakhe. Engakaze agqoke izingubo zokuzivikela, wasebenza ngezinto ezithwala imisebe ngezandla zakhe, egcina i-radium ekhoneni lakhe lokudada, noma ephaketheni lakhe. Eminyakeni engama-38 ayiphenya ngayo imishanguzo yegazi, imiphumela yemisebe ye-ionizing yayigqoke phansi. Wafa ngo-1934 evela e- anemia enamandla. Umsebenzi owanikeze ukuphila kwabanye wawuthintekile lowo mongo wegazi lakhe.
Ngaphandle kokutholakala kukaMarius Curie nomyeni wakhe uPilbert umqondo wokufaka inzalo encane yezinto ezinomsakazo zibe yisisu ukuze siphume, ngeke sibe ne-brachytherapy. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe yangaphakathi lisetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, kuhlanganise nesigaba sokuqala somdlavuza webele. Ngokulandelayo uma une-X-ray noma udinga i-zap yemisebe ukuze uphathe umdlavuza, cabanga ngoMarius Curie. Umsebenzi wakhe nokuzidela kungenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu.