Ukuchaza ukucindezelwa kwegazi ukufundwa kwezingane kunzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala. Ngenkathi ukukhula komfutho wegazi omdala kungaqhathaniswa kalula namanani ashicilelwe nje okwakubhekwa njengokwejwayelekile futhi engavamile, ukuqhathanisa okulula lokho akunakwenzeka ezinganeni. Ngenxa yokuthi imizimba yezingane ishintsha ngokushesha ngokushesha, ukucindezelwa kwegazi kufanele kulungiswe ukuphakama, ubudala, isisindo, nobulili.
Lezi zifundo ezilungisiwe zifaniswa nezintafula eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidweba "izigaba ze-percentile." Uhla lwamaphethelo lutshela udokotela ukuthi ukulinganisa kwegazi kulinganiswa kanjani nezinye izingane ngokubheka ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuhlangene okufundwa kwezigidi zezingane ngabanye.
Isibonelo, uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi ingcindezi yegazi yengane yakho ingama-perthentile angu-65, lokho kusho ukuthi izingane ezingamaphesenti angama-35 ubudala, ubude, isisindo, nobulili banomfutho wegazi ophakeme kunomntanakho. Ngezinhloso eziningi, izingcindezi zegazi ezivela kuma-percentiles angama-50 kuya kwezingu-90 zibhekwa njengezilinganiso ezijwayelekile, kanti izindinganiso eziphakeme noma eziphansi zingabonisa isidingo sokungenelela kwezokwelapha.
Indlela Yokuchaza Ukufundwa Kwesifo Segazi Sezingane
I-Centers for Disease Control (i-CDC) igcina idatha esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umshini wegazi ophezulu we-charcentile charts, futhi yonke idatha iyatholakala ngokukhululekile emphakathini.
Izilinganiso zomuntu ngamunye zokuphakama, isisindo, kanye nenani le-mass mass (BMI) elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amashadi e-percentile nawo ayatholakala ukuze alandwe (I-PDF Ifomethi):
- Ukuphakama ngamashadi okudala
- Abafana
- Amantombazane
- Isisindo nge-Charts Age
- Abafana
- Amantombazane
- I-BMI ngama-Charts Age
- Abafana
- Amantombazane
Lolu datha olungasetshenzisiwe oluqoqwe ochungechungeni olukhulu lwezinhlelo zezesayensi nezemitholampilo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), kuzokuvumela ubone ukuthi izibalo zomntwana wakho zifanani namazinga kazwelonke e-United States.
Kodwa-ke, okuwusizo, yi-standard blood pressure ye-percentile amashadi ahlanganisiwe esebenzisa idatha e-NHANES eluhlaza. Amashadi we-bloodcrank percentile ahlanganisiwe atholakala ukulanda ngezixhumanisi ezingezansi:
- Ishadi lokucindezeleka kwegazi elisemthethweni - Abafana
- Ishadi lokucindezeleka kwegazi elisemthethweni - Amantombazane
Ukuze usebenzise amashadi avamile, okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ishadi elifanele lomfana noma wesifazane. Skena ikholomu eseceleni kwesokunxele ukuze uthole umugqa ohambisana nonyaka wengane yakho. Qaphela ukuthi iminyaka ngayinye inemigqa ngayinye ye-90th and 95th percentile blood pressure. Amakholomu aqondile amelela ukuphakama kwama-percentile. Ukufanisa ikholomu yokuphakama nge-90th noma 95th i-percentile yobudala be-blood pressure ekhombisa umugqa ubonisa inani lenani laleyo ngcindezi yegazi percentile.
Le nqubo izwakala ibe nzima nakakhulu kunalokho ikhona. Ake sizame isibonelo. Yisho ukuthi unomfana oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala ongama-103cm ubude (cishe ngamasentimitha angu-40,5, noma ngo-3.5ft). Uqala ukubuka ukuphakama kwe-CDC ngeshadi lesikhathi ukuze uthole ukuphakama kwengane yakho ye-percentile. Umfana oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala oneminyaka engu-103cm ubude ube cishe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-75 ukuphakama kwe-percentile (thola iphuzu lapho ubude nobude buhamba khona bese ukhetha ijika eliseduzane).
Manje, usebenzisa ishadi le-percentile ye - blood, ungathola amanani we-cutoff we-90th ne-95th percentile yezingcindezi zegazi kumfana oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala oneminyaka engu-75 ukuphakama kwe-percentile. Ukusebenzisa ishadi lomsindo wegazi kuveza lezi zindinganiso kumntwana wethu wesibonelo:
- I-90th percentile blood pressure = 109/65
- I-95th percentile blood pressure = 113/69
Zama ukusebenzisa izingcindezi zegazi ze-90th kanye ne-95th for these examples (izimpendulo ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko):
- Umfana oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala ekuphakameni kwe-90th percentile
- Intombazane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eyi-116cm ubude
Ngemuva kokusebenza nalezi ziqeshana, ubona ukuthi ukufana konke okudingekayo kwedatha kungaba nzima.
Ngenkathi le nqubo ingenzima kakhulu, ingadideka futhi idle isikhathi. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kungcono ukushiya umsebenzi wokuthola ukuchaza okusemthethweni kwengcindezi yengane yakho kumuntu oqeqeshiwe wezempilo.
Izimpendulo Zesibonelo Imibuzo:
Umfana oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala ekuphakameni kwe-90 ukuphakama:
- I-90th Percentile Blood Pressure = 118/77
- I-95th percentile yegazi = 122/81
Intombazane eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala eyi-116cm ubude:
- Ukuphakama Percentile = 95th
- I-90th Percentile Blood Pressure = 109/69
- I-95th percentile blood pressure = 113/73
Imithombo
> I-National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey yesithathu, 1988-1994.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhanes3.htm
> Lurbe, E, Sorof, JM, Daniels, SR. Izici zokwelapha nezokucwaninga zokuqapha kwengcindezi yegazi ezinganeni. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 7.
> Dasgupta, K, O'Loughlin, J, Chen, S, et al. Ukuphazamiseka kokuhlukana kobulili ngokusakazeka kwe-systolic ephakeme yegazi: ukuhlaziywa kweqembu elidala elisenesikhathi eside. Ukujikeleza kuka-2006; 114: 2663.
> Rosner, B, Prineas, RJ, Loggie, JM, Daniels, SR. Ukucindezelwa kwegazi amagama omntwana kanye nentsha, ngokuphakama, ubulili, neminyaka, e-United States. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 871.
> I-DHHS, i-PHS, i-NIH, i-National Heart, i-Lung ne-Blood Institute. Ukuvuselela ku-Umbiko we-Task Force (1987) nge-High Blood Pressure ku-Children and Adolescents: Umbiko Weqembu Lokusebenza kusukela kuHlelo LokuPhepha LokuPhepha Kwegazi Eliphezulu. Ukushicilelwa kwe-NIH 96-3790; 1996; 7-9.