Akuyona Eyodwa Yokunakekelwa KwezeMpilo Ekhokha Yodwa
"Ukunakekela impilo yonke" noma "ukuhlanganisa yonke indawo" kubhekisela ohlelweni lokunikeza izinsiza zokunakekelwa kwezempilo lapho wonke umuntu ehlanganiswa khona ngezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo eziyisisekelo futhi akekho owenqatshelwe ukunakekelwa uma nje ehlala izakhamuzi zomthetho ensimini bonke abahlali be-Commonwealth yaseMassachusetts, noma bonke abemi bezwe laseCanada.
Umqondo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni jikelele uvame ukungalingani ngokulinganayo nomkhokhi oyedwa , uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lukahulumeni, lapho zonke izindleko zezokwelapha zikhokhwa yinhlangano eyodwa, ngokuvamile uhulumeni. Noma kunjalo, "umkhokhi oyedwa" no "jikelele" awafani.
Ukuhlanganisa Okuphelele
Uhlelo lwe "ukufakwa kwendawo yonke" lungasho izinto ezimbili ezihlukile. Okokuqala, kungabhekisela ohlelweni lapho zonke izakhamuzi zingafinyelela khona kumshuwalense wezempilo womphakathi noma wangasese. Okwesibili, ungabhekisela ohlelweni lapho zonke izakhamuzi zithola khona izinsizakalo eziyisisekelo noma ezingabizi izindleko eziyisisekelo (ukuvimbela, imithi ephuthumayo) isethi esinikezwe uhulumeni ngezinzuzo ezijwayelekile.
E-United States, umgomo wokugcizelela yonke indawo ukutholwa kwe- Care Affordable Act -zikhathi ezithile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Obamacare-nezimpikiswano zendlela yokwandisa ukufakwa kwesikhashana ngenkathi zinezindleko kuye kwadlula ukuphathwa kweTrump ekuqaleni. Ngaphansi kwe-ACA, izinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo zinganikeza izinqubomgomo ezithile zempilo ngokuxuba izinzuzo ezidingekayo ngumthetho.
Kulabo abawela ngamaphesenti athile e-federal poverty line, izinga lokuxhaswa kwezibonelelo zomphakathi likhokha noma amanye ama-premium abo. Umphumela wenetha owawuhlosiwe wukuthi noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyitholaphi, angakwazi ukukhokhela okungenani uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwempilo-umshuwalense.
Izinhlelo zokukhokha ezilodwa
Kuhlelo lokukhokha olulodwa, noma kunjalo, azikho izinkampani zomshuwalense wangasese ukuqala.
Uhulumeni kuphela ogunyaza futhi akhokhele izinzuzo zezempilo. Isibonelo sokuqala se-single-payer system yiNational Health Service yaseBrithani; I-NHS ilawula ukufinyeleleka kwezidingo zezempilo kanye nokuqasha abahlinzeki bezempilo. I-Canada inikeza uhlelo olufanayo.
Amanye amalungu entuthuko eqhubekayo yase-US asikisela ukuthi i-United States ingafika ngesimo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungashadile ngokunikeza "i- Medicare kubo bonke" -ukuthi, ngokuthatha uhlelo lwabakhokhi base-asebekhulile futhi luyiqede wonke umuntu izakhamizi. Akucaci-ke ukuthi indlela enjalo inezinselelo ezibonakalayo ezombusazwe ngaphandle kweminye imizamo ehlongozwayo emazweni ngamunye.
Ukubambisana koMphakathi-Kwangasese
Kuwo wonke umhlaba, amazwe amaningi anikeza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke, kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zawo, ezinhlanganisweni zomphakathi-zangasese, hhayi ngezinhlelo zokukhokha ezilodwa. Izibonelo zamazwe zihlanganisa iJalimane, iNetherlands neSingapore. I-Singapore ijabulela enye yezinhlelo zezempilo eziphumelele kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngezilingo zokuphila eside kanye namazinga aphansi okufa kwezingane.
Ukuphatha Ingozi
Kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lapho abanikazi besikhwama somsebenzi abazimele bedlala khona indima ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, izinkampani zomshuwalense ngamunye kumele zilinganise isilinganiso sokugula kuya enempilo kubathengi babo ngokuyingxenye ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo eyongezwayo kanye nezinsizakalo ezinikela ezingeni likahulumeni, nokuthi lezo zinto ezithengiswayo zithengiswa emakethe evulekile.
Kwezinye izindawo, uhulumeni uvikela ababheki bomshuwalense ngokulahlekelwa okulahlekile okuyingxenye "nge-penalizing" bomshuwalense abafake amaphrofayli engozi ngaphezu kokulinganisa bese belinganisa izindleko. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa kwengozi . Kodwa-ke, emazweni lapho ukuthenga ohlelweni kungaba ngokuzithandela noma ngokuzikhethela ngokuzithandela (isib., Ngokusebenzisa izigwegwe eziphansi zokungalaleli), okuthiwa i-Young Invincibles-abantu abasha, abanempilo abakhokha ohlelweni kodwa badla kancane imithombo-isipho ukuzinza kwezezimali ohlelweni. Lapho i-Invincible abaseNtshonalanga yehluleka ukubamba iqhaza, uhlelo luyalukela kubantu asebekhulile nabagulayo, okuqhuba ngokuphumelelayo izindleko zomuntu wonke.