Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Kwebesifazane
Uyazi ukuthi njengabesifazane, sonke kudingeka sibe nezivivinyo ezithile zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo kuzo zonke izimpilo zethu? Isibonelo, bewazi ukuthi umbono nokuzwa ukuzwa kunconywa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi yempilo yakho? Funda ukuthi kungani sidinga lokhu nokunye ukuhlolwa kwezempilo.
Ukuhlolwa kwePap
Ukuhlolwa kwePap noma i-Pap smear kubalulekile kubo bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-21 nangaphezulu.
Abesifazane abasebancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-21 nabo badinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kokuqala ngokocansi kwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kwePap, okwakusungulwa nguDkt. George Papanicolaou ngawo-1950, kuthola izinguquko ezingavamile emangqamuzaneni omlomo wesibeletho ezingabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho uma ungatholakali yiP Pap smears.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kohlolo lwePap, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kwakuyisizathu esiholela phambili somdlavuza ekufeni kwabesifazane. Ngenxa yokucwaninga kukaDkt. Papanicolaou kanye nomsebenzi wakhe onzima owenza i-Pap smear, umdlavuza wesibeletho manje uneminyaka engu-15, phakathi kwezimbangela zokufa komdlavuza kwabesifazane abanezingane ezingaba ngu-3 700 ababulawa umdlavuza wesibeletho unyaka ngamunye.
Okuningi: Kwenzekani Phakathi Nokuhlolwa KwamaPelvic noPap Test
Amammograms
Izincomo zokuthi zizoqala nini ukuqala kwezilwane zeminyaka ziyahlukahluka phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo. Amanye amaqembu, kuhlanganise ne-American Cancer Society kanye ne-American College of Obstetricians kanye neGynecologists batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-mammography ekuqaleni kokuqala kweminyaka engu-40, kuyilapho amanye amaqembu ochwepheshe ahlanganisa i-American College of Physicians kanye ne-American Academy of Family Physicians, i-US Preventative Services e-Task Force, njenge kanye neCanada Task Force ye-Periodic Health Examination isincoma ukuhlolwa kwonyaka kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-50.
Lokhu kungezwani kungenxa yokuthi amaqembu atusa ukunciphisa ama-mammograms avela eneminyaka engu-50 akholelwa ukuthi izingozi zokuvezwa kwe-radiation zingaphezu kwezinzuzo zokuhlolwa okuqala kusukela ekuqaleni.
Abesifazane abasebancane abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele banesidingo saminyaka yonke njengoba kunqunywe odokotela babo.
Ama-Mammograms aphephile, angenabuhlungu, futhi ayadingeka ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza webele. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda umdlavuza webele sinama-96%, ngokusho kweSational Breast Cancer Foundation.
Okuningi: Mammography Screening
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bone Density
Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo kuyindlela elula futhi engenabuhlungu. Ukuhlolwa kokulahlekelwa kwethambo kudingekile kubo bonke abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kanye nabesifazane abasebasha okungenani oyedwa owaziwayo engozini, kanye nabo bonke abesifazane abano-hysterectomy. I-osteoporosis, ezimweni eziningi, ibangela ukulahlekelwa kwamathambo amakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zamathambo. Lesi sifo, uma singazitholakali futhi siphathwe kusenesikhathi, siholela emathanjeni ashaya kahle aphula kalula. Ngokusho kweNational Osteoporosis Foundation, abesifazane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 nabesilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 banesifo se-fracture ehlobene ne-osteoporosis njalo ngonyaka. Ngenhlanhla, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokuqina kwamathambo ngokuhlolwa kwamathambo kuyaphathwa ngemithi eyeka ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi ingakwazi ukuguqula ukulahlekelwa kwethambo okwenzekile ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe.
Okunye: I- Osteoporosis: Ingozi Nokuvimbela
I-Check Press Blood
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, owaziwa nangokuthi unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, uthinta okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-50, noma omunye wabantu abahlanu, e-United States.
I-hypertension kwenzeka lapho ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kuphakama ngaphezu kwe-140/90.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kungase kube phansi kakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iziguli zithola ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuphansi noma hypotension. I-hypotension yenzeke lapho ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kuphansi kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile kwesiguli. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-hypotension zihlanganisa ukuzondeka noma ukuzizwa zihloliwe futhi zikhanda. Abantu abaphuza imithi yengcindezi ephakeme yegazi abaqala ukubhekana nalezi zimpawu kumele bahlole abahlinzeki babo bezempilo ukuze banqume ukuthi imithi enqunyiwe yegazi isebenze kahle noma uma kudingekile ushintsho lwezokwelapha.
Inombolo ephezulu ekufundeni kwengcindezi yegazi, ebizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ye-systolic, yinani lamandla noma ingcindezi eyenziwa ngokumelene nemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, kuyilapho inombolo ephansi noma i-diastolic imelela ubuningi bezingcindezi emithanjeni phakathi kwezinsimbi zezinhliziyo.
Okuningi: Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Kwegazi Eliphezulu
Izivivinyo ze-STD
Noma nini lapho ucabanga ukuthi ukutholakala kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STD) kwenzeka, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uhlolwe. Ukuba khona kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhishwa kwamagciwane okungavamile kufanele kube yisixwayiso sokubona udokotela wakho, futhi. Ukuba nokungcola okungavamile kwesisu akusho ukuthi i-STD ikhona; Kodwa-ke, ukuba nomswakama wesisu ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuba khona kwe-STD noma ukutheleleka kwesisu.
Okuningi: Izinkolelo namaqiniso Ngengozi ye-STD
Ukuhlola njalo i-HIV
Ngokomhlahlandlela we-CDC, wonke umuntu obona udokotela noma ogulayo esigumbini esiphuthumayo kufanele athole ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngesimiso. I-CDC ikholelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesandulela ngculaza kuzomphumela ekunciphiseni kwe-30% ekusakazeni kwe-HIV, igciwane elidala i-AIDS.
Okuningi: Ama- Aids kwabesifazane
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cholesterol
Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kusiza ukubikezela izingozi eziqondene nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol njalo kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emihlanu yabantu abadala. Ezinye izivivinyo ezifaka i-HDL ne-LDL cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides, ndawonye, okuthiwa iphrofay profile ngokuvamile yenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ethi Labs Online. Izivivinyo ze-cholesterol kufanele zinikezwe kuphela iziguli ezinempilo ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zokugula zingabangela imiphumela emibi yokuhlolwa okungamanga. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bafune ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusukela ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kubangele ukuphakama kunezinombolo ezivamile ze-cholesterol. Uma iziguli zithatha imishanguzo yezokwelapha ukuze ichithe i-cholesterol, ukuhlolwa kwenzeka kaningi ukuze ubone ukuthi isiguli sisabela kanjani empilweni.
Okuningi: Izifo Zenhliziyo Kwabesifazane
Ukuhlolwa kweCrorectal Cancer
Ukuhlola njalo umdlavuza wekoloni, njengama-colonoscopies, kufanele uqale ezigulini phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekupheleni kwawo. I-Colonoscopy kufanele iqale, ngeziguli eziningi, eneminyaka engu-50 futhi kufanele iqhubeke njalo eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo. Iziguli ezinezici eziyingozi kufanele zilandele izeluleko zabo zomhlinzeki wezempilo lapho zizoqala khona ukuhlolwa. I-American Cancer Society, kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezempilo, uncoma ukusebenza kwesikhashana okubizwa ngokuthi i-fecal culture culture kubantu abadala emva kweminyaka engama-50.
Ukuxilongwa kokuqala komdlavuza we-colon kukhulisa kakhulu inani leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda kulokhu isifo esibucayi kuya ezingaphezu kwezingu-90%; Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-colorectal wokuqala kwenzeka kuphela ngo-39% wesikhathi. Ukuba nalezi zivivinyo ngezikhathi ezinconywayo, noma njengoba kuqondiswe umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubamba umdlavuza wokulala ngenkathi usenesikhathi sokuqala.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo socansi
Ukuqaphela umdlavuza wesikhumba kwenzeka kaningi ngonyaka e-United States kunanoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lomdlavuza. Nakuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza, umdlavuza wesikhumba kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe kakhulu, okwenza kube nombolo eyodwa yomdlavuza ukuxilongwa e-United States Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi akunzima ukucacisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba ongase ube khona. Amadolobha amaningi azungeze i-United States anikeza ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba samahhala, ngokuvamile ngoMeyi, ezibhedlela zendawo. Izidermatologists zendawo zishiya ngoMgqibelo, ngalesi sikhathi, ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba unokwenzeka kunoma ubani ovelele kumcimbi. Lokhu kuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba wamahhala kungavamile ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka, ukugqoka isembatho esibhedlela, nokulinda udokotela ukuba eze egumbini lokuhlola ukuhlola isikhumba phezu komzimba wonke. Lokhu akuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa futhi unikeze ithuba lokuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nayo ngomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Okuningi: Izinhlobo zeCanscercer
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela
Iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesifo sikashukela uhlobo lwesibili (isifo sikashukela esandulela abantu abadala) kufanele sithole ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose yokuzila noma ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana njalo eminyakeni engama-3 eqala eminyakeni engama-45. Izici zengozi ye-diabetes yakudala yabantu abadala zibandakanya:
- Umlando womndeni wohlobo lwe-Type 1 noma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela
- Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
- Ngemva kokubeletha usana olwalingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-9 ekuzalweni
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- Ukuba yingxenye yomndeni onomlando wenkambiso yama-Afrika, amaSpanishi, amaMelika aseMelika noma iPacific Island
- Ukuzivocavoca okuncane noma akukho
Okuningi: Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Ukubukwa kombukiso
Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emibili kuze kube yiminyaka engu-61, lapho i-American Optometric Association incoma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kwombono kuqale. Abantu abadala abanezimo zeso eziqhubekayo kufanele babone i-optometrist yabo njalo njengoba udokotela ephakamisa. Ukwengeza, iziguli ezinezifo ezibangelwa isifo sikashukela ezifana nengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, umlando womndeni wezifo ezithinta izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma ne-macular degeneration, abantu abasebenza emisebenzini edinga umbono obala, iziguli ezigqoke othintana nabo, labo abathwala imithi njalo Imithi ye-OTC enemiphumela emibi ehlobene nombono, futhi abantu abanezinye izimo zezempilo ezithinta amehlo bangadinga ukuhlolwa okuningi kokubuka njalo.
Ukuzwa Ukuzwa
Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa kugcwele futhi kuphikisana phakathi kwabantu abadala bonke ubudala. Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kungukuzithandela, i-American Speech - Language - Hearing Association ikhuthaza ukuncoma abantu abadala njalo eminyakeni eyishumi yonke kubantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 lapho ukuhlolwa okuningi okuvame ukwenziwa njalo. Lapho uneminyaka engu-50 ubudala, ukuhlolwa kwezindlebe kufanele kwenzeke njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-30% abangaphezu kuka-65 abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, abantu abayi-14% abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya kwengama-64 banokuzwa ukulahleka kokuzwa, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 abaneminyaka engama-18 no-44 banolunye uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe.
> Imithombo:
> Isivivinyo se-Pap Uhlolo Lokuhlola I-Cervical Cancer; I-CDC; http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/screening/.
> Ukutholwa kokuqala; Isisekelo se-National Breast Cancer; http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/early_detection/index.html.
> I-National Osteoporosis Foundation; http://www.nof.org.
> Ukucindezeleka Kwegazi Eliphezulu; Ilabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha; http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highbloodpressure.html.
> I-Cholesterol - Isivivinyo; Ukuhlolwa kweLeb ku-intanethi; http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cholesterol/test.html.
> Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2; I-Genetic Health; http://www.genetichealth.com/DBTS_Screening_for_Type_2_Diabetes.shtml.
> I-Eye Ephelele Yomuntu Omdala Nombono Wokuhlola; I-National Guideline Clearinghouse ne-American Optometric Association; http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=8464&nbr=4725.
> Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Kubantu Abadala; I-American Speech - Ulimi - Ukuzwa Ulimi; http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/testing#adults.