Ukukhathazeka okuvamile kwabasebekhulile njengamakhono angokwengqondo nangokwengqondo kuqala ukuhlaselwa ngeminyaka ukuthi ngeke besakwazi ukuzimela ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo we "sandwich generation" ukunakekela abazali asebekhulile kuye kwaholela ekudingweni kwezinhlelo nezinqubo ezingcono zokusiza abadala. Izixazululo ezivumela abadala ukuba baphile ngokuzimela eminyakeni yabo yegolide ziba yisidingo sezenhlalakahle.
Uma ukhathazekile ngawe noma othandekayo ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umuntu usaphila yini ukuze aphile yedwa. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinsuku zikhona amashajethi amaningi, amathuluzi edijithali namadivayisi wokuxhumana atholakalayo ukusiza ukuphatha izingozi ezihlobene nokuphila okuphezulu. Siphila ngenkathi lapho sithuthela endaweni yokusiza noma indawo yokuhlengikaza engasenakugwemeka, futhi "ukuguga endaweni" manje kuyindlela eyenzekayo ngisho nalabo ababhekene nokuwohloka kwezempilo. Ngokuhlelwa ngokucophelela, ukuklama kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwesekwa komndeni kanye nokusekela, abantu asebekhulile bangaqhubeka nokuhlala emakhaya abo ekwindla yokuphila ngokuphepha nangokunethezeka.
Izintambo ezingenazintambo zokuwa
Amapulazi abonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwabaningi abadala, imindeni yabo kanye nabanakekeli babo. Kuze kube manje, umuntu osengozini yokuwa kufanele agqoke i-alamu ye-pendant bese ucindezela inkinobho uma kwenzeka isidumbu, exwayisa isikhungo senkonzo esisezingeni eliyinhloko esasidinga usizo.
Lolu hlelo lunamaphutha, kufaka phakathi nabantu abaningi asebekhulile abangazange bagqoke idivayisi noma bengakwazi ukuchofoza inkinobho lapho ukuwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi.
Ngenhlanhla, kukhona izinketho ezithuthukisiwe ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ngokuzenzakalelayo uma umuntu ewile futhi uqaphele izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Onjiniyela bamandla kagesi e-University of Utah uBrad Mager noNeal Patwari bakhethe ikhambi elihlukile elisebenza njengendlela yokuwa kwe-wireless-detection system. Umqondo wabo wukuthi indawo yomuntu ingathola ukuwa futhi ithumele uqaphile uma kwenzeka isigameko. Isistimu yabo entsha isekelwe kwisethi yamenenja eyenzelwe ukuthola ama-radio frequencies ahambelana nesimo somuntu ekamelweni. Uhlelo lungakha isithombe se-3D somuntu - inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-tomography yomsakazo - futhi ithole uma umuntu emi, ehlezi noma elele phansi.
Esinye isixazululo sikhulunywe nguDkt. Francois Charpillet kanye neqembu lakhe. UCharpillet, ongumqondisi wezocwaningo e-National Institute for Research ku-Computer Science and Control eFrance, usebenze ohlelweni lokutholakala kokuwa oluzosebenzisa ama-smart tile. Uhlelo lwe-noveli, olufihla ngaphansi kwamathayili ahlakaniphile, lisebenzisa inhlanganisela yamandla esisindo kanye nama-accelerometers amathathu-axis. Sekuvele kuhlolwe futhi kuboniswe amandla okusebenzisa nabantu asebekhulile abahlala ngokuzimela.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusiza nge-GPS
Ukuwohloka kwengqondo kungenza izwe lomuntu libe yindawo enobungozi, okwenza kube nokukhathazeka okukhulu kubo bonke abathintekayo.
Ukuhlaziya nokudangala kuyinkinga evamile kubantu abanenkinga yokukhumbula, futhi ngokusho kwe-Alzheimers's Association abantu abayisithupha kwabangu-10 abanesifo sengqondo sokudangala nokuzibeka engozini yokulimala noma ukufa.
I-GPS Smartsole iyisisusa esivela ngo-2015 futhi ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwesihlangu somuntu, okwenza ukuthi indawo yakhe ihambe kuphi. Le divayisi ephathekayo ixhuma kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula kanye newebhsayithi, ukuze amalungu omndeni kanye / noma abanakekeli bakwazi ukuthola kalula umuntu ojikelezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusetha umjikelezo ngesistimu, futhi uma umuntu ehamba ngaphandle kwendawo isaziso sithunyelwe.
Indawo ye-GPS ye-Freedom, eyenzelwe i-Bluewater Security, ihlose ngqo kubantu abadala abane-dementia. It sigqoke njenge-watch futhi ivumela amalungu omndeni ukuba aqaphele abathandekayo bawo ngaphandle kokubambezela kakhulu. Le divayisi ihlanganisa inkinobho yokwethuka engasetshenziswa ngumuntu ogqokile ukuxwayisa usizo ukuza nokusiza uma umuntu elahleka. Amanye amadivaysi e-biomechanical angakwazi ukuthatha ukunyakaza nawo afundwe. Lawa madivaysi angabala inani lezinyathelo ezenziwe ngumuntu one-dementia noma balinganisa ukuvumbana ezindaweni ezingamatshumi amathathu. Ukubuyekezwa okushicilelwe ku- International Journal of Gerontology kutholile ukuthi isisindo se-StepWatch sisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekulandeleni ukuziphatha kwabantu abadala.
I-Smart Home Technologies yabasebekhulile
I-Telecare - ukunakekelwa okukude okusiza asebekhulile nalabo abayekethisa ngokomzimba - ngokuvamile usebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene namanethiwekhi wedijithali ukwandisa ukuphepha komuntu. Amakhaya ahlakaniphile, ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlukahlukene kanye nezinzwa, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengento ewusizo futhi ephumelelayo futhi angenza ukuba umuntu okhulile abe nokuphepha okuningi. I-Telecare ihlanganisa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezinamathebhu nezintambo, kanye nemishini ye-"smart" njengama-stoves nama-ovens afake izilawuli zokuphepha ezizenzakalelayo, ama-monitor esitokisini, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha kwevidiyo nokusebenza kanye nama-alamu aphuthumayo. Amashabhu amaningi okucwaninga asetshenzisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe bekhaya, futhi kukhona amaphrojekthi eqhubekayo e-United States nase-European Union ukuqhubeka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokuqapha kungenzeka manje ziphinde zenziwe kabusha efonini ehlakaniphile, ukunciphisa izindleko zengqalasizinda. Amafoni angasesekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqapha ubuchwepheshe obuqinisekisiwe kubantu asebekhulile. Ukuhlolwa kwesabelo nokulinganisela, kanye nokuqapha nokuqashelwa komsebenzi, sekuphenywe kakade ngokusebenzisa ifoni. Kubuyekezwa konyaka kwalomsebenzi wokulandelela abantu abadala, uSalvatore Tedesco, uJohn Barton noBrendan O'Flynn waseTurkey iTyndall National Institute, baphakamisa nokuthi ama-smartphones angasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokukhuthaza umsebenzi kubantu asebekhulile, ukuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa nokugqugquzela ukubandakanya ngendlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
> Imithombo
> I-Alzheimer's Association. Ukuhlehla nokulahleka. https://www.alz.org/care/alzheimers-dementia-wandering.asp
> Daher M, Diab A, El Badaoui El Najjar M, Ali Khalil M, Charpillet F. Umdala Wokulandela Nokulandelela Ukuwa Ukusebenzisa AmaThuluzi e-Smart. IEEE Sensors Journal , 2017; 17 (2): 469-479.
> Lin Q, Zhang D, Chen L, Ni H, Zhou X. Isihloko sokubukeza: Ukuphatha Ukuziphatha Okudala Kwabadala Ukusebenzisa Izixazululo Ezixhaswe Ngezinzwa: Ucwaningo. I-International Journal of Gerontology, 2014; 8: 49-55.
> Mager B, Patwari N, Bocca M. Fall ukubona ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-RF sensor. IEEE 24 I-International Symposium Yonyaka Yonyaka ka-2013, e-Indoor, ne-Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).
> Tedesco S, Barton J, O'Flynn B. Ukubukezwa Komsebenzi Abaqhubi Abahlali Abakhulu: Izindlela Zokucwaninga, Indawo Yomsebenzi kanye Nomsebenzi Wemboni Yomshuwalense. Izinzwa, 2017; 17 (6): 1-39.