Ukungqubuzana Kuyaqhubeka Ngemihlahlandlela Yezempilo, Kubandakanya Izingozi ZeThrojani
Ngokokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-60, uhulumeni wesifundazwe ushintshile izincomo eziphathelene nesilinganiso se- fluoride emanzini okuphuza . Izincomo ezintsha zisho ukuthi ububanzi obufanele kufanele bubekwe cishe isigamu, kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-1.2 milligrams we- fluoride ngamanzi alitha ngalinye ukuya ezingeni elisha lama-milligridi angu -7.
Ngokusho kweSekela likaPhrotheli Jikelele uDkt. Boris Lushniak, "Ukuguqulwa kunconywa ngoba manje abaseMelika banokufinyelela emithonjeni eminingi ye-fluoride, njengezinyosi zokugcoba ngamazinyo nezomlomo kunokuba zenze uma ukuphuma kwe-fluoridation kuqala kuqala e-United States.
Izinga elisha eliphakanyisiwe lizogcina izinzuzo zokuvimbela ukubola ekukhuculeni amanzi kanye nokunciphisa ukutholakala kwama-dental fluorosis. "
I-Dental fluorosis i-discoloration yamazinyo, ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile ku-fluoride. I-fluorosis epholile yenza amabala amhlophe ngamazinyo, futhi ukushisa okukhulu kwe-fluorosis kungabangela ama-brown stains nokuhamba nokubola kwamazinyo. Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo, abaningi abangamaphesenti angu-41 aseMelika abaneminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-15 banesifo se-fluorosis, futhi lelo nani liyanda. Kuyini ukubukeka kwe-fluorosis? Nansi isithombe esibonisa ubucayi kakhulu, obumnene, okulinganiselayo, kanye ne-fluorosis kakhulu.
Ukungqubuzana kweFluoride
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabaseMelika ziphuza amanzi ashisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa neWestern Europe, lapho abantu abangamaphesenti amathathu kuphela abaphuza amanzi aphuza amanzi. I-American Dental Association kanye nama-ejensi ezempilo e-federal aqhubeka nokugcina ukuthi i-fluoride iphephile nokuthi ingozi kuphela yezempilo i-fluorosis, eyazizwa ukuthi izobhekwa yiziqondiso eziphakamisa amazinga anciphile.
Ukunciphisa ukunconywa kwamazinga e-fluoride akugcini okwanelisayo abaphikisi be-fluoride, abaxhumanisa ukuchayeka kwe- fluoride eziningana zezinkinga zezempilo. Inethiwekhi ye-Fluoride Action igcina uhlu lwezimiso, kanye nokucaphuna okucwaninga, ukuxhumanisa i-fluoride kuya kwamathambo, imiphumela yamathumbu, i-bone fractures, imiphumela yobuchopho, isifo sezinso, umdlavuza, ukuzala kwesilisa, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazanyiswa kwe-endocrine, nesifo se-thyroid, phakathi kwezinye izimo.
UMichael Connett weFluoride Action Network uye wacela ukuphela kwe-fluoridation e-US.
Ngombono wethu yisikhathi esiphezulu sokuba i-United States iqale ukulandela indlela ethathwe iningi lezwe laseNtshonalanga bese iyeka ukushintsha amanzi. Kwenza kube lula kakhulu kulabo bantu abafuna ukusebenzisa i-fluoride ukuyixubha ngamazinyo abo, bayiphonye futhi ngaleyo ndlela usebenzise i-fluoride kuya kumzimba kuphela owenziwe umzimba. Futhi awuvezi zonke izicubu emzimbeni.
Omunye umphikisi oyinhloko nguDkt. Philippe Grandjean, umcwaningi wezempilo wezemvelo eHarvard University. UDkt. Grandjean ukholelwa ukuthi amazinga kufanele abe aphansi nakakhulu, ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yezempilo ye-fluoride. Kulokhu, ukukhathazeka kwakhe kuhlobene nezifundo ezibonisa amazinga e-IQ aphansi ezinganeni ezivezwe ku-fluoride. Ngokusho kwe-Fluoride Action Network, ukuhlolwa kwamadoda angama-43 kwangu-50 kuye kwathola ukuthi ukuvezwa okuphezulu kwe-fluoride kuhlotshaniswa namazinga we-IQ anciphile. Esizeni sakhe, i-Chemical Brain Drain, uDkt. Grandjean uthe:
Phakathi kokufundwayo, izingane ezinezinyosi ezifakwe ngamafutha e-fluoride amazinyo abo - ngisho namafomu amancane kunazo zonke ezibonakala njengezingqimba ezimhlophe koqweqwe lwawo lwe-koqweqwe lwawo - kubonise ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinye izivivinyo ze-neuropsychological. Lokhu kubhekana nokuphambene nokuhlakanipha okuthandwayo ukuthi imiphumela ye-koqweqwe lwawo ibonisa inkinga yezithokozi kuphela hhayi isibonakaliso sobungozi. Okungenani eyodwa yezingane ezinhlanu zaseMelika inezinga elithile lokuxosha amazinyo ... Nakuba ukuxhumanisa phakathi kwamazinyo amanzi nama-toxicity ebuchosheni kusadingeka kuvezwe kabanzi, ukukhona kokungaqiniseki akusona isizathu sokuthi kuqhutshwe impikiswano nge-hyperbole. Ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kwamakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali kufanele kubhekwe njengokubalulekile njengokuvikelwa emaceleni (cavities).
Ucwaningo lwamuva emaphepheni we- Environmental Health lithole ukuthi luthi ngamanani aphezulu wamanzi aphethwe yi-fluoridated isilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhathazeka ngokweqile Hyperactivity Disorder noma ADHD. Lokho abakuthola ekuhlaziyweni kwabo kwakuwukuthi ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-1 ekufakeni uketshezi kwahlanganiswa nama-67,000 kuya ku-131 000 okunye okuxilongwa nge-ADHD phakathi no-2003 kuya ku-2011.
Ngokusho kukaWilliam Hirzy, umcwaningi wase-American University, nomuntu owayengumsosayensi ohlola ingozi ku-Environmental Protection Agency:
Izinombolo zamacala angeziwe afana nokunyuka kwamaphesenti owodwa ku-1992 [izibalo] ezikhiqizayo ezikhulu kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi njengoba uketshezi kwamanzi okukhipha amanzi kukhula, kanjalo nesigameko se-ADHD.
Isixhumanisi se-Thyroid
Okunye okukhathazayo kwezempilo mayelana ne-fluoride kungumphumela ongase ube nomthelela we-fluoride emsebenzini we -roid . Kube khona ezinye izifundo ezixhumanisa isifo se-thyroid ukuze kufakwe ukukhanya kwe-fluoride, kanti ezinye azibonanga uxhumano.
Inkinga kaFebruwari 2015 ye- Journal of Epidemiology and Health Community, kodwa-ke, kubika ucwaningo olunzulu olwenziwe eNgilandi, ngokuqhathanisa amazinga e-hypothyroidism ezindaweni ezingenayo i-fluoridated.
Bathola ukuthi izindawo ezinamanzi abizwa ngamanzi abiza ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 amathuba okuba namazinga aphezulu okuthiwa i- hypothyroidism , uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezinamazinga aphansi e-fluoride. Ngokuvamile, kunezimo ezingaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye we-thyroid engasebenzi ngaphansi kwezindawo ezifudumele.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, "iWest Midlands (indawo egcwele i-fluoridated area) cishe cishe kabili ukubika ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-hypothyroidism uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Greater Manchester (indawo engeyona i-fluoridated)." Baphetha ngokuthi: "Okufundwa kwalolu cwaningo kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhethekile mayelana nokufaneleka komphakathi we-fluoridation njengendlela yokuphepha yomphakathi ephephile."