Ngo-2017, ososayensi babike ukuthi kunesixhumanisi phakathi kokungenwa kwezingane ezisemakhaya ezibizwa ngokuthi i-phthalates nokucindezeleka kwesimo se-thyroid emantombazaneni oneminyaka eyi-3. Ucwaningo, olwanyatheliswa ephephandabeni Environment International ngabacwaningi be-Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, wayengowokuqala ukubika ngokuxhumanisa phakathi kwe-phthalate nokudonswa kwezingane ezithombeni.
Ucwaningo lubheka ama-hormone amabili e-phthalates nama-hormone amabili ehlukene. Amazinga aphansi we-thyroxine mahhala (i-T4 yamahhala) ahlotshaniswa namazinga aphakeme amane ama-phthalates amahlanu afundwa ngamantombazane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isixhumanisi sasinganiselwe kumantombazane; abafana babengathinteki.
Ngokusho kombhali omkhulu wephephandaba uPam Factor-Litvak, uprofesa we-Epidemiology eSikoleni Sama-Mailman:
Izenzo ze-thyroid njengezilawuli eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kobuchopho. I-hormone ye-thyroid yenza isimiso, futhi uma isikhathi singekho ku-synch, kungase kube nemiphumela kamuva emqondweni. Ukuphazamiseka kwegciwane esikubonayo kulolu cwaningo ... kungachaza ezinye zezinkinga zokucabanga esizibonayo ezinganeni ezivezwe ngama-phthalates futhi njengamanje siyaphenya lokho. Ngisho nokuhlushwa okuncane kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Ukuqhubekela phambili, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukuthi i-phthalates yenza ukwenzani izingane, kanye nomzila okwenziwe ngalo lo monakalo. Umgomo wethu omkhulu ukuvikela impilo yezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ziyini Ama-Phthalate?
Ama-phthalates yiklasi lamakhemikhali abhekwa njengabaphazamisi be-endocrine. Abaphazamisi be-Endocrine bangamakhemikhali abaphazamisa umsebenzi wezinhlayiya ze-endocrine, kuhlanganise ne-thyroid kanye nezindlala zokuzala, phakathi kwabanye. Abaphazamisi be-Endocrine baxhunyaniswe nokubalwa kwezidakamizwa ezincishisiwe futhi bancishiswe ukukhulelwa kwesilisa emadodeni, nokukhubazeka kobulili kubafana, kanye nengozi yokwelapha kanye ne-asthma, phakathi kweminye imiphumela yezempilo.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-phthalates abizwa ngokuthi ama-plasticizers futhi ayengezwa kuma-plastiki, ikakhulukazi i-polyvinyl chloride noma i-PVC, ukuze abenze bafinyelele futhi baphenduke kakhulu. Uma wake waphawula "imoto entsha yensimu" noma iphunga lekhethini elisha lepulasitiki elisha, lokho kuyi-phthalates oyiphunga. Ama-phthalates afakwa futhi ezinhlobonhlobo zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu kanye nemikhiqizo yobuhle ukuze enze amakha namafutha azo ahlale isikhathi eside.
Ukusetshenziselwa kabanzi kwezinto ezingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka kuye kwabangela ukutholakala okubanzi, ngokungenisa, ukuphuza, nokuswakanyiswa esikhumbeni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-phthalates atholakala kuningi labantu baseMelika.
Imikhiqizo Equkethe Ama-Phthalates
Ama-phthalates atholakalayo kule mikhiqizo elandelayo:
- Amapayipi wePlastiki nama-vinyl namathoyizi okugeza
- Amathoyizi wezocansi ePlastiki
- Iziphuzo zokuphuza
- Iziqukathi zokugcina ukudla kwePlastiki
- Imikhiqizo ye-vinyl kufaka phakathi i-flooring, iphepha lodonga, izinto zokwakha, amakhethini okugeza, ifenisha yensimbi, izinto ezithile zokugqoka zepulasitiki (okusho ukuthi, ama-raincoats kanye nezikhumba zemvula)
- Ukuhamba kwezimoto
- Izigxobo zensimu yePlastiki
- Amaphoyinti
- Eminye imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye nezinye izilwane kanye noshizi
- Amanye amanzi okupompi
- Izilo ezinomusa
- I-Perfume, i-cologne, ne-aftershave
- I-powder ye-Baby, i-shampoo, ne-lotions
- Ama-detodorants, ama-shampoos, izinwele zezinwele, ama-hairsprays, ne-nail polish
- Ukuhlanza ukuhlanza
- I-air fresheners
- Ukuphikisa izinambuzane
Indlela Yokugwema Ama-Phthalates
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokunciphisa nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kweziphtha.
Gwema Imikhiqizo Ethayipha Noma Yimuphi Ama-Phthalates Njengama-Ingredients
Ngokuvamile uzobona i-phthalate egameni, kodwa lingase lihlweliswe ngesichazamazwi sayo. Ama-phthalates avamile afakwe kumikhiqizo afaka:
- I-BBP: i-butyl benzyl phthalate
- I-MBzP: i-mono benzyl phthalate
- I-DBP: i-di-n-butyl phthalate
- I-MBP: i-mono-n-butyl phthalate
- I-MiBP: i-mono-isobutyl phthalate
- DEHP: di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- I-MEHP: i-mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DEP: i-diethyl phthalate
- I-MEP: i-monoethyl phthalate
- I-DiDP: i-di-isodecyl phthalate
- I-DiNP: i-di-isononyll phthalate
- DnHP: di-n- hexyl phthalate
- I-DnOP: i-di-n-octyl phthalate
Gwema i-PVC Plastic
Ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizo ubhalwe ngokuqondile ngokuthi "i-phthalate," gwema noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ye-plastic ethambile, njengezindwangu zokugeza.
Gwema Imikhiqizo Elalela "Isiqholo" njengesithako
Ngokomthetho, ama-phthalates akudingeki abekwe eminye imikhiqizo yobuhle. I-phthalates kulawo mikhiqizo ingahle ibhalwe ngokuthi "iphunga," okwenze kube nzima ukukhomba isithako esithile. Ngaphandle kokuthi umkhiqizo ubizwa ngokuthi "ayikho iphunga elenziweyo" noma "i-phthalate-free," noma ivela enkampanini enenqubomgomo ye-phthalate, kungcono ukugwema ukuyisebenzisa. Okungafani: imikhiqizo yegama layo elibonisa ukuthi noma yikuphi iphunga elivela ngqo kumafutha abalulekile. Iwebhusayithi ye-Tree-Hugger inehlu lwezinkampani ezingu-12 ezenza amavulunga angokwemvelo, ama-phthalate-mahhala.
Khetha Imikhiqizo Yomntwana Yama-Phthalate
Kumikhiqizo yokunakekela izingane nezingane, khetha inkampani enenqubomgomo eqinile ye-phthalate. I-Smart Mother Healthy Baby inehlu oluhle lwezinkampani ezinezingane eziphephile nemikhiqizo yabantwana.
Khetha Imikhiqizo Yokunakekelwa Yobuntu Nebuhle be-Phthalate
Ukuze uthole imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kobuhle nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ehlanganisa amakha noma amakha, khetha kuphela lezo zinkampani ezinomgomo oqinile we-phthalate. Ezinye izinsiza ezinhle zezinhlu zezinkampani ezenza imikhiqizo yobuhle be-phthalate zifaka:
- Uhlu lwezintambo ze-Breast Cancer Action lwezitho zomzimba ze-phthalate
- Umkhankaso Wezinsolo Eziphephile
- Inqolobane ye-Environmental Working Group yama-safecosmetics
Cela izinto zokwelashwa zama-PVC
Uma udinga imishanguzo enomsoco noma usebenzise i-catheter, qaphela ukuthi le mikhiqizo isebenzisa njalo isishubhu se-PVC. Ungacela uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo ukuba asebenzise amashubhu e-phthalate-free kanye nezikhwama zezokwelapha.
Gwema iziqukathi zokudla zasePlastiki
Ungasebenzisi izitsha zokudla epulasitiki, futhi ungalokothi udla ukudla okuncane, njengokushisa okukhulula amakhemikhali ngokushesha ekudleni kwakho. Uma uzosebenzisa ipulasitiki ukuze ugcine ukudla, amakhodi wokuvuselela 1, 2, noma ama-5 angaphansi kwamathuba okuba aqukethe ama-phthalates, futhi ama-3 no-7 amathuba okuba aqukethe ama-phthalates. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukudla kwezingane, kanye namabhodlela ezinsana, izinkomishi ze-sippy, kanye nezinkomishi zokudla. Uma ungabaza, khetha ingilazi noma insimbi engagqwali. Ungathola uhlu oluwusizo lwamazinga e-phthalate emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokugcina yokudla endaweni ye-Good Housekeeping's website.
Sebenzisa Amathoyizi Amapulasitiki Amasha noma Amathoyizi Angewona Amaplastiki
Amathoyizi amadala angakwazi ukuqukatha ama-phthalate, kodwa amathoyizi amasha ngokuvamile asebenza mahhala. Phonsa amathoyizi amadala ezinsana nezingane, futhi ufake esikhundleni samathoyizi amasha noma amathoyizi angewona eplastiki.
Sebenzisa kuphela ama-Air Fresheners we-Natural
Abaningi bezentengiselwano zezebhizinisi bane-phthalate, ngakho-ke sebenzisa kuphela ama-air fresheners anemvelo athola iphunga lawo emafutheni abalulekile nakwezinye izinhlaka zemvelo.
Khetha i-Organic Dairy, Produce, kanye Nenyama
Ukudla okungokwemvelo akubonakalwanga kuma-pesticides, kunciphise ingozi yokuthi bayoba namazinga aphezulu e-phthalate.
Izwi elivela
Ukugwema i-phthalates kufanele kube yinto yomndeni ekuzuzeni impilo yomuntu wonke. Kodwa uma unezingane noma izingane ezincane, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze kube njalo, i-Columbia University sikaDkt Factor-Litvak ineseluleko esisisekelo kunazo zonke abazali bezingane nabantwana abancane okufanele balandele: "Abazali abanezingane ezincane kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe ama-phthalates njengezimonyo, i-nail polish, ne-vinyl flooring."
> Imithombo:
> Morgenstern, R et al. "Umsebenzi we-phthalates ne-thyroid ezinganeni zasenkulisa zasenkulisa: Ukuzibandakanya kocansi." I-Environment International, Volume 106, September 2017, DOI: 10.1016 / j.envint.2017.05.007 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160412017302143
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. "Ama-Phthalates." Online ,. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/productsingredients/ingredients/ucm128250.htm