Uma ungena esibhedlela , mhlawumbe into yokugcina ocabanga ngayo yilezi zitezi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluphuthumayo lubonisa ukuthi izibhedlela zesibhedlela zigcwele amabhaktheriya futhi zingaba ngumthombo wokutheleleka. Ngisho noma abantu bengathinti ngokuqondile phansi, ezinye izinto iziguli, izivakashi, kanye nabasebenzi abazithinta ngaso sonke isikhathi zithintana phansi.
Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwakho hhayi kuphela esibhedlela, kodwa nezinto ezithinta esibhedlela (isib. Izicathulo, amasokisi namasondo ezinamasondo) kanye nezindawo eziphezulu zokuthinta (isb., Izinkinobho zokushaya izingcingo, izinkinobho zokugada, nemizila yokulala ). Ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwakho nalezi zinto nokuhlanza izandla zakho kaningi, unganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kanye nengozi yokusakaza ukutheleleka kwabanye.
Yini Ehlala Esikhungweni Sezibhedlela nakwezinye izindawo?
Ngo-2014 abstract, Desphande kanye co-abalobi imininingwane ngokuningiliziwe imizamo yabo ukuthola ukuthi empeleni populates phansi izibhedlela zaseMelika.
Esicwaningweni, abacwaningi bakhule izindawo ezingu-120 phakathi kwezibhedlela ezine zaseCleveland. Bathola lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amaphesenti angu-22 eziteshini eziphansi ayenomzimba omuhle we- Staphylococcus aureus (methacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ) (MRSA)
- Amaphesenti angu-33 eziteshini eziphansi ayenamathuba okungena ama- entococci angena-vancomycin (VRE)
- Amaphesenti angama-72 esiteshini samapulangwe ayenesici esihle kuClostridium difficile (C. difficile)
- 1.4 izinto eziphezulu zokuthintana zilinganiselwe phansi
- Amaphesenti angama-24 wezinto eziphezulu zokuthinta afakwe ukungcola nge-pathogen engaphezu kweyodwa
- Amaphesenti angama-57 wezinto ezingcolile ahlangane nesezansi adlulisa ama-bacterium ezandleni
Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yinto enhle kakhulu ngoba izifo ezifuywayo zingabangela ukutheleleka esibhedlela.
I-MRSA yi-infection ye-staph engabangela izifo zesikhumba, izifo zegazi, ne-pneumonia futhi imelana nemithi eminingi elwa namagciwane.
I-VRE ingabangela ukutheleleka kwe-urinary kanye nezifo ezilimazayo. Iphikisana ne-vancomycin, i-antibiotic enamandla kakhulu.
I-Clostridium difficile ibangela ubuhlungu besisu nesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu. C. difficile yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yesifo sohudo esitholwa esibhedlela. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma phansi, nge-detergents evamile ehluleka ukuyinquma. Esikhundleni salokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-chlorine-release release agents asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqedeni le pathogen. Ngeshwa, iningi lezibhedlela alisebenzisi ama-nonsporicidal ukuhlanza phansi, futhi akucaci ukuthi zingaki izibhedlela ezihlanzekile ngama-agent afanelekile.
Esifundweni sabo, u-Deshpande kanye nabobhali be-co-found bathole ukuthi C. difficile ayitholakalanga kuphela emakamelweni okuzihlukanisa lapho abantu abanalo ukutheleleka kugcinwa kodwa nakwamanye amakamelo angabaniki abantu abanokutheleleka. Eqinisweni, uC C. difficile wayevame ukutholakala ekamelweni lokungcebeleki. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi C. difficile uyakwazi ukusabalalisa.
Ama-Pathogens Asakazeka kanjani?
Kwiphepha le-2016 elibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhiwo Zezibhedlela Njengomthombo Ongenzeka Wokusabalalisa I-Pathogen Ukusebenzisa iVirus Nonpathogenic njengeMphawu Lokungena Ngokwemvelo," uKoganti kanye nozakwabo bazama ukulinganisa izinga lokuthi amagciwane avela phansi agxila ezandleni zeziguli kanye nasezingeni eliphezulu -Ukukhwabanisa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lesibhedlela.
Kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bathatha i-bacteriophage M2, igciwane elingenalo i-nonpathologic, elakhiwe ukuba lingabangeli ukutheleleka, futhi labeka phezu kwezinto ezenziwe ngamapulangwe phansi kwamabhedi esibhedlela. Bese beqaqa izindawo ezihlukahlukene ukuze babone ukuthi le pathogen isakazeka kuphi.
Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi igciwane lisakazwa ezandleni, izicathulo, izandla, imibhede yembhedeni, izibhebhe zokulala, amatafula amathreyi, izihlalo, ama-pulse oximeters, izintambo zomnyango, ukushintshwa okukhanyayo, kanye nezitshalo kanye namakamelo aseduze neziteshi zokuhlengikaza. Ngokuqondile, esiteshini sokuhlengikaza, i-pathogen itholakale kumakhibhodi, amagundane ekhompiyutha kanye namakholi. Ngamanye amazwi, izifo ezitholakala esibhedlela esibhedlela ziqinisekile.
Ngokuphawulekayo, lolu cwaningo lunezilinganiso zalo.
Okokuqala, igciwane lisetshenziselwa esikhundleni sebhaktheriya. Ucwaningo lwangaphambili, kodwa, luye lwabonisa ukuthi amagciwane kanye namagciwane adlulisa ngokufanayo kusuka kumafomu (izinto) kuminwe.
Okwesibili, abacwaningi babebeka izingxenyana eziphezulu ze-bacteriophage M2 esiteshini sesibhedlela; ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa isimo esibucayi kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, abacwaningi bahlola kuphela izinsika ze-laminate hhayi ezinye izinhlobo ze-flooring esibhedlela; Ngakho-ke, akucaci ukuthi izifo ezincane zingasakazeka kanjani kwezinye izindawo ezifana ne-linoleum ne-carpeting.
Ukukhathazeka kokugcina okubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwama-pathogens kusuka phansi kuya eminwe kanye nezinye izingxenye zomzimba kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamasokisi angewona. Amasokisi angewona-slip ayenziwe ngekotini noma i-polyester futhi ahlanganiswe nezinyathelo zokuhlinzeka ukulandelana. Lezi sikhwama zinciphisa ingozi yokuwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
Amasokisi angewona ama-slip ahloswe ukuba asetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane kuphela futhi asebenzisa amadivaysi ezempilo angashadile. Kodwa-ke, iziguli esibhedlela zivame ukuzigqoka nxazonke bese zihamba zizungeze isibhedlela nazo, izindlu zangasese ezivakashelayo, izitolo zekhofi, izitolo zesipho, izindawo ezivamile, nokunye. Abantu bavame ukugqoka amasokisi afanayo izinsuku eziningana ngqo bese bewalala nabo, nabo.
Ngombiko omfushane ka-2016 oshicilelwe kwi- Journal of Hospital Infection , uMahada noBoswell bathola i-VRE ngamaphesenti angama-85 emasokisi ne-MRSA ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-VRE itholakale engaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-69 esibhedlela, futhi i-MRSA itholwe ngamaphesenti angu-17 ephansi. Ngokuphawula, amandla walolu cwaningo ayephansi futhi amasayizi wesampula amancane.
Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi amasokisi angewona ama-slip, ngokuvamile avumelana nesibhedlela esibhedlela, iyisifo esingaba nesifo sokutheleleka. Abalobi basikisela ukuthi lezi masokisi kufanele zilahlwe ngemuva kokusetshenziswa futhi zingagqoke isikhathi esingeziwe. Ngokucacile ukuthi la masokisi anganikwa isikhathi esingakanani, noma kunjalo, akucaci, futhi ucwaningo oluningi luzodingeka lwenziwe.
Ukufuna 'Amahlanzekile' Amapulangwe
Kunzima ukuhlanza phansi esibhedlela. Kunzima futhi ukuchaza ukuthi yikuphi "okuhlanzekile" okuqondile. Ngokuqondene nesibhedlela esibhedlela, ngokuvamile kuvunywa ukuthi ama-detergents nama-disinfectants angasiza ukulawula izifo eziphilayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ama- detergents nama- disinfectants awafani. Amakhemikhali asusa ukungcola, amafutha, namagciwane ngokuhlambalaza ngesisombululo samanzi nesepha; kanti, ama-disinfectants angama-chemical noma ukungenelela okubulala amabhaktheriya.
Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanza phansi kanye nezinye izinto ezikhona nge-detergents, futhi ngaleyo ndlela nje ukususa udoti ngesandla, kungase kusebenze ngendlela ephumelelayo njengoba usebenzisa ama-disinfectants. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezibizayo, ezibulala-zonke izifo ezibulala amagciwane zingasiza ekwandeni kwezinhlobo eziphikisanayo. Ama-anti-disinfection angakwazi ukulimaza abasebenzi abasebenzisa futhi ababi emvelweni.
Izindlela zokuhlanza ezijwayelekile zihle kakhulu ekunciphiseni phansi nasezindaweni eziphezulu zokuthinta emagumbini esibhedlela. Izindlela zokuhlanza zangamanje cishe azibheki amasayithi afanele noma zisetshenziswe kaningi ukuze kuncishiswe i-bioburden noma inani lamagciwane amakhulu angabangela ukutheleleka. Izindlela ezintsha, ezihlanganisa ama-disinfectants, umusi, izinhlelo zokuhlakazeka ezizenzakalelayo, nezindawo zokulwa namagciwane, kunzima ukuzihlola ngokubiza izindleko ngoba idatha yemvelo ayitholakali okwamanje nemiphumela yeziguli.
Izingozi zokungcola okuhamba phambili nazo zikhungethwe yizici ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda komsebenzi wabasebenzi basebhedlela
- ukubheja ngokushesha kwebhedi
- inombolo eyengeziwe yeziguli esibhedlela
- i-clutter
- umoya omncane
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi yokwehla kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukubhekwa kwezindleko kulungele ukuhlanza, okwenza kube khona engozini yokungcola nokutheleleka okungenzeka.
Ngokwe-athikili ka-2014 eshicilelwe ku- Clinical Microbiology Ukubuyekezwa :
Ukususa ukungcola okubonakalayo nokungabonakali okuvela ezibhedlela zanamuhla nangesikhathi esizayo kudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokwanele, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, isilinganiso se-bioburden, imfundo, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza, kanye nokukhulumisana okubili phakathi kwalabo abathintekayo ukuhlanza nalabo abathintekayo ekulawuleni ukutheleleka.
Ngekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ukuhlanzwa kwesibhedlela esibhedlela kanye nezinye izindawo eziqongelela i-bioburden kwakuyizinto ezibalulekile phakathi kwabaphathi bezibhedlela. Izikhathi zishintshile futhi umqondo wokuthi izindawo ezinjalo zisebenza njengomthombo wesifo esitholwe esibhedlela sithole ukwamukelwa okubanzi. Noma kunjalo, asazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nale nkinga ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi kukhona okuningi okuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyiguli noma isivakashi, kungcono kakhulu ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha ngesikhathi esibhedlela.
Ukugcina Kuphephile esibhedlela
Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela noma uvakashela othandekayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunyathela kalula futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ingozi yokutheleleka. Ngisho noma ungenwa igciwane ngemuva kokuthinta izinto, ungasakaza izifo kulabo abangenwe igciwane. Ngokukodwa, iziguli ezikhulile ezikhulelwe izibhedlela ezinezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zikhona engozini enkulu yezifo ezitholwa esibhedlela. Awufuni ukwenza noma yini engenza laba bantu bagule kakhulu.
Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ngesikhathi esibhedlela:
- Hlanza izandla zakho nge-sese noma amanzi noma abahlanza ngezandla eziphuza utshwala lapho bengena noma bephuma egumbini, emva kokuthinta isiguli nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela.
- Gwema ukuthinta iziguli ngokweqile.
- Geza izandla zakho ngokugcwele futhi ungathinti izitshalo namapulangwe emva kokugeza izandla zakho.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi usomile izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa insipho namanzi.
- Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukugwema ukuthinta izinkinobho zekholi, ukufakwa kwemishini esibhedlela, izinkinobho zokulala, izicathulo, amasokisi kanye nezinye izinto ezingangcoliswa.
- Ungathinti phansi (umsindo umsindo kodwa kwenzeka-buza noma yimuphi umzali).
- Uma othandekayo ehlukanisiwe, gqoka izingubo neziglavu uma uvakashela.
Uma unesiguli esibhedlela, ungalandela okuningi kwalesi siqondiso futhi wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukuze uhlale ungenalo i-pathogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khumbula ukuthi kungcono ngaphakathi kwamalungelo akho ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka, futhi umqondo omuhle ukubuza noma yiziphi izenzo eziyingozi ongazibona phakathi kwabasebenzi basebhedlela. Isibonelo, abasebenzi basebhedlela kufanele bageze izandla zabo noma basebenzise abahlanza ngezandla eziphuza utshwala kokubili nangemva kokuthinta wena, noma ngabe basebenzisa amaglavu.
Okokugcina, ungabi namahloni ngokucela amasokisi amasha angewona lapho usudinga khona. Ngokuqinisekile akufanele ugqoke amasokisi afanayo isikhathi eside noma ulale kuwo. Uma uhambahamba esibhedlela nalezi masokisi, ushintshe lapho ubuyela futhi ugeze izandla zakho ngokugcwele.
> Imithombo
> Dancer SJ. Ukulawula Ukwelashwa Okuthola Isibhedlela: Gxila eNdimeni Yezemvelo kanye Nezobuchwepheshe Ezintsha Zokuqeda Ukunqamuka Kwesimiso. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microbiology Clinical. 2014; 27 (4): 665-690.
> Deshpande A et al. Ingabe Amabhodlela Esibhedlela Ayisisekelo Esingaqinisekisiwe Sokudluliselwa kwe-Clostridium difficile noMaricillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus? (Abstract). 2014.
> Koganti S et al. Ukuhlolwa Kwezibhedlela Zezibhedlela Njengomthombo Ongenzeka Wokusabalalisa Kwe-Pathogen Ukusebenzisa i-Virus engeyona i-Nonpathogenic njengeMphawu Lokuzihlola. Ukulawulwa Kwama-Infection & Epidemiology Yezibhedlela. 2016. 37 (11); 1374-1377.
> Mahida N kanye no-Boswell T. Amasokisi angenawo ama-slip: isithombo esingaba khona sokudlulisa izidakamizwa ezingamelana nezidakamizwa ezibhedlela? I-Journal of Infection Hospital . 2016; 94: 273-275.