Izindlela zokuphepha ezibhedlela Ukunciphisa Amaphutha Ezempilo
Akukho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha emhlabeni kungathuthukisa impilo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yesiguli uma indlela yokunakekela noma imvelo ingaphephile. Izinkinga zokuphepha esibhedlela zifaka ingozi yeziphambeko zezokwelapha nezenzakalo ezimbi noma izenzakalo ezibi kakhulu.
Njengoba okuyisisekelo njengokufunda ukubheka izindlela zombili ngaphambi kokuwela emgwaqeni, noma ukubeka izikhali zakho phansi ngaphambi kokuba uphelele, yiziphi izigcawu zokugcina izifo ezisezingeni, ukuhlola izidakamizwa kabili ngaphambi kokuthi zinikezwe, ngisho nokususa noma ukusebenza emzimbeni ofanele izingxenye.
I-National Quality Forum ngo-2006 yabhalisa ama-28 kulawa maphutha wezokwelapha futhi wababiza ngokuthi "azikho izenzakalo." Zifaka amaphutha okuhlinzwa nokusebenza, amaphutha wezidakamizwa, amaphutha okunakekelwa, amaphutha ezendawo nemicimbi yobugebengu. Iziphambeko ezibangelwa izifo ze-nosocomial (ezitholwe esibhedlela) azikho ohlwini.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva igama lishintshiwe kusuka "kungakaze kube khona imicimbi" kuya "kwimicimbi ebikayo." Kodwa iphuzu langempela lihlala - akufanele neze lenzeke esimweni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngoba bafaka iziguli engozini yokulimaza futhi ngezinye izikhathi bafa.
I-Institute of Medicine ngo-1999 yabika imiphumela yezifundo ezimbili zokuphepha kwesiguli ezibonisa ukuthi phakathi kwama-Amerika angu-44 000 no-98 000 afa ngonyaka ngamunye ngenxa yeziphambeko zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okungahambi kahle, okubangelwa izinkinga zokuphepha kwesiguli.
Phakathi kwamaphutha wezokwelapha okushiwo:
- Isibhedlela kanye nomphakathi okuthola izifo: Iziguli zesibhedlela zingahlakulela izifo ezifana ne-MRSA noma i- Clostridium difficile , okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukugula kanye nokwelashwa kwabo. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yilabo abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile. Lokhu kubandakanya abantu abanesilonda evulekile ekulimazeni noma ekuhlinzekeni, labo abadinga ama-catheters ngokuhambisa amanzi noma ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa, noma asebekhulile amasistimu abo awaqine njengakuqala. Ezinye izifo zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-superbugs" ngoba ziye zavela ngaphandle kwekhono lokubulawa (ukuqedwa) yi-antibiotics ekhona.
- Amaphutha eDakamizwa: Kusukela ezinkingeni ekuhumusha ngesandla ngesandla somdokotela onogada, amaphutha ekuhumusheni kwawo ekhemisi, ezinkingeni zokuphatha ngezilingo, isikhathi esithile noma umzila wokuphatha, kumagama amaningi kakhulu afana nezidakamizwa, iziphambeko zezidakamizwa zezinkulungwane ukufa ngonyaka.
- Amaphutha wokuhlinzwa : Ukuhlinzeka okungalungile kwendawo kanye nokubekezela okungahambi kahle kuqukethe amaphutha amaningi okuhlinzwa. Okunye ukuhlinzwa akusebenzi kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo noma isiguli angathanda, kodwa lokho akufani neyodwa ehamba kancane, okwenza kube nephutha. Ukwelashwa okuqhutshwa ngemithombo yokushisa imisebenzi efana ne-cauterizing ingabangela nemililo.
- Eminye imithombo yezinkinga zokuphepha kwesiguli kubangela ukuwa, abahlinzeki abangaphumuli kahle, nezinye izimbangela. Lezi zingase zibizwa nangokuthi "iatrogenic." Thola uhlu oluhle lwalezi zenzakalo ezingakaze zenzeke, izenzakalo ezimbi noma izenzakalo ezibi kakhulu .
Lokhu ukwephulwa kwesiguli ngokuphepha kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi indawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo evela kumahhovisi odokotela, izibhedlela, izikhungo zokuhlinzeka, izindawo zokunakekelwa isikhathi eside kanye nama-laboratory labs. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi odokotela kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bathatha isikhathi esincane nabo bonke abagulayo, ngeke basakwazi ukuhlala sivikelekile endaweni yokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuxhomeka kubahlinzeki ukusigcina siphephile, iziguli nabanakekeli babo kufanele benze umzamo omkhulu wokuzivikela emaphutha wezokwelapha angaholela ekufeni noma ekudambiseni.