Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana ne-asthma eyenziwe yi-viral is prevention
Ukucatshangwa kwamaphesenti angama-40 e-asthma kubantu abadala kubangelwa ukugula kwamagciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagciwane, afana nalawo angabangela ukushisa okuvamile noma umkhuhlane, angabangela ukuthuthukiswa noma ukuwohloka kwezimpawu ze-asthma.
Indlela Amagciwane Aqala Ngayo Izimpawu Zokuphefumula
Kunezindlela ezimbili amagciwane angabangela izimpawu ze-asthma:
- Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-asthma olwenziwe yi-viral luthinta abantu abangenalo umlando we-asthma, kodwa ngubani othuthukisa izimpawu ze-asthma (isibonelo, ukukhwehlela nokushaya ) okuqala ngemva kokugula kwegciwane.
- Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-asthma olususwe yi-viral luthinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala abavele benesifo sokuphefumula okuqhubekayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukugula kwesandulela ngculazi kubangela izimpawu zabo ze-asthma.
Izimbangela ze-Virus-Induced Asthma
Amagciwane amaningana angagwetshwa ngokususa i-asthma eyenziwe yi-virus. Izibonelo ezimbili ezivamile yi-rhinovirus ebangela ukushisa okuvamile, nomkhuhlane A obangela umkhuhlane. Lezi amagciwane zivame ukuthola ukuthi zibangelwa i- bronchospasm (ukuhamba kancane kwe-airways) ne-asthma.
Enye igciwane ehlobene ne-asthma yisifo se-syncytial sokuphefumula (RSV), esingabangela ukutheleleka kokuphefumula kubantu abadala nasezingane. Ezinganeni, ama-RSV angabangela amasondo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, okungaholela esibhedlela futhi ngisho nokufa ezindaweni ezingavamile. Lokhu kwanda ekuzweleni komzwelo ezinganeni ezibangelwa i-RSV ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuphele isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuba isifo sesuliwe.
Kubantu abadala, i-RSV ingabangela isondo futhi ibonise izimpawu ze-asthma kulabo abasenayo i-asthma, futhi kubantu abangenalo umlando wesifuba somoya.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngokungafani nezingane, indlela yokusebenza emoyeni kubantu abadala ngokuvamile ibuyele evamile ngokushesha, nakuba ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezifo ezibangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculaza zivame kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, amacala e-asthma akhiqizwa yi-viral ovame uketshezi futhi ahambisane nezinkathi zonyaka.
Isibonelo, i-rhinovirus inesiqalo esiphakeme ekuwa kwekwephuzile kanye ne-influenza A ekupheleni kwebusika. I-RSV ivame kakhulu ezinyangeni zasebusika, ngenkathi enkulu kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari eNyakatho Yezwe Elisha.
Okwenza i-Virus ibangelwa i-Asthma
Uma ubhekene nokutheleleka ngegciwane, umzimba udala impendulo yokuvuvukala ukuhlasela nokuvikela. Ezikhungweni eziphezulu zokuphefumula, njengalezo ezihambisana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, le mpendulo ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-airway futhi kubangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-mucus ngokweqile.
Ngokuvamile, akucaci ukuthi ngabe ama-virus ahlasela yini umoya ophansi owenza izimpawu zesifo se-asthma, noma ngabe izinto ezivuvukala ezikhiqizwa ngamaseli anesifo esiphezulu zithinta umoya ophansi.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Asthma eViral-Induced
Abantu abaningi abane-asthma ephikelela bangakwazi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zabo ziyanda yini. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle kubantu abane-asthma ukuba babe nemitha yokuhamba ephakeme , okuyinto idivayisi encane eniyifinyelela kuyo ukukala ukuthi amaphaphu asebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunokwenzeka ukuthi kube nokunciphisa okukhulu kwezibalo zokugeleza kwezinhlanzi (ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-80 avamile) ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Noma ubani oqaphela ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinombolo zokugeleza eziphakeme, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga omuntu ajwayelekile aqoshiwe nsuku zonke, kufanele abize udokotela wabo iseluleko mayelana nokwandisa imithi ye-asthma noma ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Udokotela kufanele akwazi ukuhlola i-asthma eyenziwa yi-virus kulabo abangenalo umlando we-asthma ngokulalela amaphaphu. Udokotela angase enze i-nose ne-throat swab noma athathe isampuli ye-sputum ukuthola ukuthi ikhona yini igciwane.
Odokotela abaningi banamanzi okugeleza kwamanzi emahhovisi abo, angasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuvinjelwa kwe-airway. Uma lo muntu engakaqapheli ukuphakama kwakhe kwekhaya, udokotela angaqhathanisa izinombolo zesiguli kulokho okwakuzobikezelwa ngomuntu ofanayo wobulili, ubudala, nobukhulu.
Ukuvimbela Isifo Sengculaza Esenziwe Ngama-Viral
Njengamanje, ayikho imithi ephumelelayo yokwelapha lezi virus ezivame ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se - asthma ezingase zivusa.
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela, futhi izindlela ezine eziphumelelayo zokwenza lokhu zihlanganisa:
- Ukuthola umkhuhlane odutshulwa minyaka yonke
- Ukugeza izandla njalo ngesinkwa namanzi
- Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana nabantu abanezimpawu zokuphefumula ezingaphezulu
- Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo, yilapho ama-virus asakazeka khona
Izingane ezithile ezinamaqembu aphezulu (isibonelo, izinsana ezazalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-35 wokubeletha noma izinsana ezinesifo esingenasifo samaphaphu) manje zinikezwa imithi yokuvimbela okuthiwa i-Synagis (palivizumab). Le mithi i-antibody ephikisana ne-RSV futhi iboniswe ukunciphisa izinga lezibhedlela ezihambisana ne-RSV.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Viral-Induced Asthma
Ukwelashwa kwe-asthma eyenziwe yi-virus kungabandakanya i- bronchodilators (imithi evula imimoya) yampawu ezinomsoco kanye ne-steroids ngokuhlaselwa okukhulu noma okude isikhathi eside. I-inhalers ye-steroid iye yaboniswa ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni abantu abadala ngaphandle kwe-asthma abanezimpawu ezinjenge-asthma emva kokutheleleka ngegciwane. Kodwa-ke, lapho kungekho mlando we-asthma, lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyahamba emavikini ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphansi. Nge-bronchospasm ekhungethwe yi-viral-induced, ngezinye izikhathi i-steroids yomlomo ingadingeka, ngisho nakubantu abangenawo umlando we-asthma.
Izwi elivela
Abantu abane-asthma abangeke bakwazi ukutheleleka ngokwegciwane kunezinye, kodwa bahlangabezana nemiphumela engaphansi kwe-airway kulezi zifo. Ukuthola ukutheleleka kokuphefumula akusho ukuthi ngokuqinisekile uzoba nokuhlaselwa yisifuba. Ngokuvamile, okungaphezu kwesisodwa kuholela ekutheleleni okufana nokuhlaselwa kanye nokuchayeka kwemvelo njengokubhema noma ukuvezwa kwe-allergen.
Ekugcineni, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzama ukwandisa impilo yakho yonke. Sebenzisa amaqhinga okufaka nokudla okunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca, ukubona udokotela wakho oyinhloko njalo, ukuhlala usesikhathini ngemigomo yakho, ukubhema nokugcina ukucindezeleka kwakho.
> Imithombo:
> Flu kanye nabantu abane-asthma. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/asthma/index.htm.
> Kurai D, Saraya T, Ishii H, Takizawa H. Virus-Yenza Ukukhushulwa Kwe-Asthma ne-COPD. Imingcele e-Microbiology . 2013; 4: 293. doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2013.00293.
> Smith DK, Seales S, Budzik C. Ukuphefumula Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis Ezinganeni. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Jan 15; 95 (2): 94-99.